COMMUNICATION

AND
GLOBALIZATION
LESSON 3
 OBJECTIVES
1) Explain how cultural and global issues affect
1. communication;

2) Appreciate the impact of communication in

2. society and the world.

3) Narrate and reflect on an observation focusing

3.
on people’s verbal and non-verbal
communication.
 COMMUNICATION
01 AND
GLOBALIZATION
 GLOBALIZATION

-Business Dictionary Definition

1. The worldwide movement toward economic, financial,
trade, and communications integration. This resulted to
the formation of global village.

Global Village
2.
The shrinking of the world into a village by electronic
technology and the speedy movement of information to
different places (McLuhan)
 Communication and Globalization
In communication
 Globalization can be the increase in social connectedness
or the expansion of one’s social community, the mutual
reliance or dependence of people and nations, the evolution
of a language most countries would understand, the
development of global communication skills or the ability to
send messages across cultures through the four macro
skills and the use of non-verbal communication.
 Cultural diversity
People from different cultures or
nations respecting each other’s
differences. This respect of different
results from their understanding of
cultural divergence.

Communication styles
- how you use your verbal and non-verbal skills in
communicating your message to your recipient.
Communication Styles

Direct or indirect
 Direct- messages reveal the
speaker’s true intention
 Indirect – message camouflage
the intention
 Communication Styles

Self-enhancing or self-effacing
 Self-enhancing - message
promotes positive aspects of
self
 Self-effacing – message
deemphasizes aspects of self.
 Communication Styles

Elaborate or understated

 Elaborate – there is a use of

rich expressions
 Understated - there is an
extensive use of silence,
pauses and
understatements.
 What is your response?
1. When you talk to somebody, can you easily detect if the
person has a regional accent?
2 Are you easily irritated by the accent a person has?
3. Are you sensitive when somebody from a different
cultural background cannot easily follow your instructions?
4. Does it annoy you if people refuse to engage in an
argument because their culture would not allow it?
5. Are you comfortable conversing with people from
minority groups?
 What is your response?

6. Do you find it interesting to talk to people with a

different cultural background from you?
7. Do you engage yourself in a conversation
enthusiastically when there are foreign persons?
8. Do you get angry if somebody from a multicultural
setting insists on his ideas in doing something?
9. Do you believe that there is a superior culture?
10. Do you think you can endure working in a
multicultural setting?
02
INTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATION
 Intercultural Communication

- the sharing of meanings

with and receiving and
interpreting ideas from
people with different A deep understanding of each
cultural backgrounds other's culture can also lead to
from yours. earning the respect of the
- In an intercultural society, members of society
you grow and learn from
one another.
The Variations of Intercultural Communication
Samovar and Porter (2001)
1. Interracial communication
- The interaction among people of different
races.
Examples:
a. A tourist guide conducts a tour for a group of
people of different racial backgrounds.
b. An owner of a company is having a
teleconference with his managers.
The Variations of Intercultural Communication
Samovar and Porter (2001)
2. Interethnic communication
- The interaction among people with different ethnic
groups
Examples:
a. An international correspondent interviews the
aborigines of Australia for a television documentary.
b. A group of social workers educates the members
of the tribes from Baguio about the government
benefits allotted to them.
The Variations of Intercultural Communication
Samovar and Porter (2001)
3. International communication
- The interaction between persons representing
different political structures.
Examples:
a. The president of a parliamentary government
meets the president of a democratic government.
b. The king of England talked to the president of
the Philippines.
The Variations of Intercultural Communication
Samovar and Porter (2001)
4. Intra-cultural communication
- The interaction that includes all forms of
communication among members of the same
racial, ethnic, and subculture groups
Examples:
a. The head of the Manobo tribe meets his
constituents.
b. Two Filipinos, both from Capas, Tarlac, are
having a conversation.
 What happened here?
Hannah was in the canteen talking with her classmates
about their pandemic experiences. They were talking aloud using
vocabulary that young people like her understand. She was in the
middle of sharing her story when somebody patted her shoulder.
When she turned around, it was Ms. Lopez, her music teacher. Ms.
Lopez instructed Hannah to go to the Music room.

At the office, Ms. Lopez asked Hannah if she was able to

practice the piano piece for the recital. Hannah answered yes in a
formal manner using a low pitch. Ms. Lopez handed Hannah the
invitation to the recital after giving her instructions. Hannah thanked
Ms. Lopez and bid her a good day
 What happened…
 Hannah shifted from being informal to being
formal to suit the situation and the person she
addresses.
 Hannah used proper language registers.

What is language register?

 03
LANGUAGE
REGISTER
 Language Register
- the level and style of your writing or speaking.

FROZEN

FORMAL CONSULTATIVE

INFORMAL NEUTRAL
Types of Register

FROZEN  Formal ceremonies

 Prose or poetry
 National Anthem
This is the most formal  School Creeds
register. The language is  The Lord's Prayer
fixed or constant, it does  Pledge of Allegiance to
not change over time. It country
 Preamble to the
does not require any constitution
feedback  Religious services

22
Types of Register
FORMAL  Professional writing
 Business
This register is used in correspondence
official and ceremonial  Essays
 Reports
settings. The language
 Official speeches
requires formal English, is of  Announcements
a standard variety, has a  Court proceedings
well-documented agreed-  Business meeting
upon vocabulary, and is  Swearing in ceremony
 An interview
written without emotion.
23
Types of Register
CONSULTATIVE
 Superior and subordinate
conversation
The language used is  Client and doctor
specifically to solicit aid, consultation
support, or intervention.  Client and lawyer
In the setting, one consultation
person is deemed an  Teacher and student
conversation
expert, and the other  Employer and employee
person is the receiver of conversation
such expertise.
24
Types of Register

INFORMAL (CASUAL)  Writing to friends

 Family conversations
The language is laid-  Personal e-mails
back and  Chats with people you
know very well
conversational, it is  Phone texts
focused on gaining  Short notes
information. The  Friendly letters
language uses slang,  Most blogs
jargon, and contractions.  Diaries and journals

25
Types of Register
INFORMAL (INTIMATE)

The setting is between  Lovers

 Mothers giving pet
persons who share names to the children
close relationships or based on some character
bonds: the language is traits.
casual and personal. It  Best friends formulating
uses terms of slangs be on some
shared experience.
endearment, slang, or
terms understandable
only to the person. 26
Types of Register

NEUTRAL

The language is neither  Technical writing

 Reviews
formal nor informal nor
 Articles
usually positive or  Some letters
negative; it sticks to  Some essays
facts and deals with
non-emotional topics
and information.
27
FACTORS THAT MAY AFFECT INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

Cultural Identity Examples

- what you have absorbed
Filipinos value the
from your surroundings
from childhood to the
importance of close
present, including your family ties, while
attitude, values, and Westerners strongly
beliefs. believe in individuality.
 OTHER EXAMPLES:
In China, gift-giving is a norm or something expected. When
somebody visits, the person is expected to bring gifts. There are
things that you have to consider when giving gifts, though. Do not
wrap your gift in white, black, or blue wrapping, for this means bad
luck in Chinese culture. It is not good to give a clock as a gift. If the
person refuses your gift, keep offering it because the Chinese
culture dictates recipients refuse three times before accepting the
gift

In the Middle East, it is common knowledge that people

use their left hand in handling bodily hygiene. It is, therefore, not
acceptable to offer this hand when you greet a person, give or
accept gifts, or shake hands with them.
 OTHER EXAMPLES:

Walls that could

A firm handshake in most western countries is
block the
acceptable when greeting a stranger or doing
communication
business, In France, however, kissing the person on
process:
both cheeks is acceptable when greeting a person.
 Ethnocentrism
In most Asian countries, the head is the most  Discrimination
sacred part of the body, s is not appropriate to touch it,  Stereotyping
especially if you are not close to the person. In the  Cultural
blindness
United States of America, touching a person's head is
 Cultural
acceptable. imposition
 Tone differences
FACTORS THAT MAY AFFECT INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

Examples
Racial Identity  Latinos, or people from Latin
America, are considered a
- the place or country minority in America.
where the person was
born or the race that has a
greater influence on his
 A Filipino may be born in
personality America, but if his parents
raced him with Filipino
values, his influence is still
Filipino.
FACTORS THAT MAY AFFECT INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

Examples
Gender and Role
Identity  You were born male, but you
perceive yourself as a female.
(gender identity)
- your perception of the
 You are the third child in your
roles of men and family. (role identity)
women in society.
- the part or character  As a woman, you perceive yourself
you play in society. as an equal to a man. (gender
identity)
 You are a mother of three and an
employee of a bank (role identity)
FACTORS THAT MAY AFFECT INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

Examples
Social Class
 The king of England
- the status hierarchy of
(King Charles II)
the person in society.
 The richest person
in the world (Elon
Musk)
 The scavengers
FACTORS THAT MAY AFFECT INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

Examples
Age
 Western children can openly speak
their minds to their parents, while
most Asian children keep their
- the age group to which thoughts to themselves to show
you belong. It also respect for their parents.
includes the gaps
created by the
 In most Southeast Asian countries,
people pay great respect to their
difference in age. elders and listen to their opinion. In
the United States, they are less
mindful of their elders and rarely ask
for their opinion.
Individual Personality

- your distinct personality and self-

reverence as molded by the different
contributing factors of your growing up
years. This distinct personality will
dictate how you would communicate
with people
FACTORS THAT MAY AFFECT INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

Proxemics Example
- the physical space or
distance you allow different
People from Monaco,
Bangladesh, Korea, and Hong
people in a conversation.
Kong do not need personal space
that much because their country
is densely populated. In Japan
The general principle of proxemics cannot Iceland, Mongolia, and Sahara,
be applied when you are in a crowded people react differently if a
area you have no control of, like the LRT, stranger accidentally touches
elevator, or bus. them.
Clothing and Physical Appearance

- refer to how people dress up and present

How you dress up and
themselves
present yourself in
public conveys
Examples messages to people.
 Arab men wear the Thawb People often assess
 Indian women wear the Sari you based on your
 Aborigines wear minimal body coverings and a lot appearance, so be
of adornment. mindful.
 Paralanguage

 the factors of speech,

such as accent, pitch,
Loudness of Voice
range volume, or
articulation, that alter the  Europeans interpret it as aggressive
behavior.
meaning of the message
 Filipinos from the Tagalog provinces
Loudness of voice find it normal.
Pause
Vocal Characterizations  Asian people control themselves from
shouting, they are taught not to from
childhood.
 Facial Expressions and Eye Contact
Facial Expressions Examples
- how you move your facial
muscles to send messages.
In the United States, people are not stiff in
showing their emotions. In Asian countries,
Your culture determines the people are taught to show less facial
degree of facial expressions expression
you have
In Latin America, winking is an act of sending
a romantic or sexual invitation. In Yoruba
Similar facial expressions may have people in Nigeria, winking at their children
different meanings in different cultures, would signify that the children need to leave
but facial expressions for happiness, the room. In China, winking is considered
sadness, anger and fear are the same unmannerly.
worldwide.
 Facial Expressions and Eye Contact
Examples
Eye Contact In Western countries like Australia, Canada,
the United States, and Switzerland, it is
- the act of looking at the appropriate to maintain eye contact during
conversations.
receiver when communicating
Westerners interpret eye contact as
confidence, a show of interest, and honesty.
In Eastern countries like China, Japan,
Similar facial expressions may have Taiwan, and Korea, maintaining eye contact
different meanings in different cultures, during conversations is considered
but facial expressions for happiness, disrespectful if the people involved have
sadness, anger and fear are the same different societal positions. When women
worldwide. make eye contact with men, it is interpreted as
showing power or sexual interest.
 Gestures and Body Stance

Gestures and body stances

Examples
refer to the body
movements you use to send
 In America, pointing with the index
finger is acceptable, while in some
a message. Your body Asian countries, it is considered
movements can divulge impolite.
your intention, feeling, and
unspoken message  In Western countries, doing the
handshake to say thank you, hello, or
goodbye is acceptable, while in some
Asian countries, they do not do the
handshake, they bow their heads
instead.
 Gestures and Body Stance

Examples Examples
 In Costa Rica, you should give  Snapping your fingers to get the
the drivers the thumbs up if they waiter's attention may be
allowed you to walk by. In the accepted by most cultures, but in
United States, thumbs up mean some, this is taken as disrespect
"okay." In some countries, it is and considered offensive.
considered vulgar.
 In Middle Eastern countries, it is
 Sitting with crossed legs is an offensive act if you show your
accepted in the Philippines, but in feet in public, while in Western
Ghana and Turkey, it is countries and some Asian
considered offensive. countries, showing off your feet is
fine.
 Gestures and Body Stance

Examples Examples
 In most countries, sticking your  In the United States, standing with
tongue out is a sign of mockery, hands on the hips may be interpreted
while in Polynesia, this gesture is as suggesting power or being proud,
used to greet people. but in Argentina, it is interpreted as
being angry or inviting a challenge.
 In Taiwan, slouching when
listening to a speaker or in a  In Arab countries, sitting with your
conversation is considered foot resting on the opposite knee is
disrespectful, while in other not accepted. The bottom of your
countries, it may not have the shoe is considered dirty, therefore, it
same interpretation. is not correct to show it to the other
person.
 WRITTEN TASK
Identify what language register will be proper for each of the listed
situations.
1. The prefect of discipline summons a student because of an offense he
committed.
2. You were tasked to scout for different venues for the event that your
company will be sponsoring.
3. A television news anchor reports the late-night news.
4. A government official represents the country in a convention in
England.
5. Family members are enjoying Karaoke at home.
 WRITTEN TASK
Identify what language register will be proper for each of the listed
situations.

6. The Student Affairs Director orients students about school policies.

7. A student delivers the valedictory address.
8. You are working on a school project with your group mates.
9. The employees interviews the applicant.
10. The students defend their study in a research colloquium.
 PERFORMANCE TASK:
Write a short dialogue demonstrating formal, informal, and
consultative language registers.
 1. Avoid using contractions.

 Always spell out words except if you

Some Rules of are directly quoting somebody.

Formal Writing
 a. Use cannot instead of can't
 b. Use does not instead of doesn't
 c. Use will not instead of won't
 d. "Half of the class wasn't able to
attend the field trip," the teacher
said,
 Write in the third person
3.
1. point of view. In a
qualitative study, you may
2. Spell out numbers less
write using the first-person
than one hundred
point of view.
a. Eighty-six students
perform for the president Use: The researchers used questionnaires in
b. The report says sixteen gathering the data.
Qualitative study. We used questionnaires in
pieces of jewelry were
gathering the data
missing yesterday
c. Three of the packages Use: They deserve the award
delivered were spoiled. Do not use: I think they deserve the award.
d. Only one of the twins
returned home last week. Use: The furniture that the company delivered
was damaged.
Do not use: The furniture that you delivered
was damaged.
4. Use the active voice (S+V+O) as much as
possible instead of the passive voice (O+V+S)

a. Use: The students did the research.

Do not use: The research was done by the students

b. Use: Two men stole the jewelry

Do not use: The jewelry was stolen by two men

c. Use Tess won the crown

Do not use: The crown has won by Tess
5. Do not use slang, idioms, exaggerations, and clichés.

a. Country slang
Slang - the very
- Younguns means young people.
- Howdy means hello.
informal language
b. Urban slang you use with your
- Dawg is an expression used to address a close friend. friends. These an
- Awesome sauce means awesome than awesome. street words that a
c. Gay slang particular group
- Miss Congeniality refers to someone very friendly. understands.
- Zhoosh means style
d. Common slang
- Kudos is another word for respect or recognition.
- Blimey is an exclamation of surprise.
6. Avoid abbreviations and acronyms
If you use abbreviations or acronyms, write the
entire name out the first time it appears, followed
by the acronym. From then, you can use the
acronym itself.

7. Do not start sentences with words like and, so,

but, also
You may use nevertheless, additionally, however, as a
result of, although, or in addition
8. Always write in a complete sentence.

9. Write longer, more complex sentences.

“ There are no strict rules to informal writing, but
you may include the following when you write

 Figurative language
informally.


”
First-person, second-person,
 Slang and clichés and third person
 Symbols and abbreviations  Paragraphs or no paragraphs
 Acronyms  Jokes
 Incomplete sentences  Personal opinions
 Short sentences  Extra punctuation (Hi Men
!!!!!!!)
 Passive and active voice
Reference

Imelda N. Binay-an & Ma. Antonieta G. Zoleta. (2023:. Purposive

Communication, revised edition. Pp. 63- 82. Mindshapers Co.,
Inc.