Standard form
1 (a) Vicky’s fingernail grows one nanometre in one second. 4024/11/M/J/11/19
One nanometre is 1 × 10−9 metres.
Vicky calculates how much her fingernail grows in one hour.
Find this length, in standard form, giving your answer
(i) in metres,
Answer ................................... m [1]
(ii) in millimetres.
Answer ................................ mm [1]
(b) It is given that 2 × 103(d + 3 × 102 ) = 8 × 106.
Find d.
Answer
1 (a) (i) 3.6 × 10–6
(ii) 3.6 × 10–3 oe
(b) 3700
Answer d = .................................. [2]
Standard form
2 (a) The mass of one grain of rice is 0.000 02 kg. 4024/12/M/J/11/13
Write 0.000 02 in standard form.
Answer ........................................ [1]
(b) The table shows the amount of rice grown in some countries in 2002.
China Brazil India Vietnam
Amount (tonnes) 1.2 × 108 7.6 × 106 8.0 × 107 2.1 × 107
(i) Write these amounts in order, smallest first.
Answer ............................ , ............................ , ............................ , ............................ [1]
smallest
(ii) Calculate the difference in the amount of rice grown in Brazil and Vietnam.
Give your answer in standard form.
Answer ............................ tonnes [1]
Answer 2 (a) 2 (. 0) × 10–5
(b) (i) 7.6 × 106, 2.1 × 107,
8.0 × 107, 1.2 × 108
(ii) 1.34 × 107
Standard form
A large tank contained 2.3 × 106 litres of oil.
4024/11/O/N/11/08 a
3
During a 4 week period, 1.2 × 105 litres were used.
(a) Calculate how many litres of oil remain in the tank after the 4 weeks.
Give your answer in standard form.
Answer ....................................... [1]
(b) Giving your answer in standard form, calculate the average number of litres used each week.
4024/11/O/N/11/08 b
Answer (a) 2.18 × 106
Answer (b) 3(.0) × 104 Answer ....................................... [1]
4024/12/O/N/11/05
4 (a) Express the number 0.000 042 in standard form.
Answer (a) 4.2 × 10 –5 Answer ....................................... [1]
(b) Calculate (7 × 10–3) × (3 × 109), giving your answer in standard form.
Answer 2.1 × 107 Answer ....................................... [1]
Standard form
5 (a) The profits of a company were $5 million in 2009 and $8 million in 2010. 4024/11/M/J/12/16
Find the percentage increase in profits from 2009 to 2010.
Answer .................................% [1]
(b) Another company had an income of $20 million in 2008.
In 2009 this income decreased by 10%.
In 2010 the income increased by 15% from the 2009 income.
Find the income in 2010.
Answer 5 (a) 4 × 1010 Answer $ ........................ million [2]
(b) 5.6 × 108
4024/12/M/J/18
6 The table shows information about the annual coffee production of some countries in 2010�
Country Number of bags per year
Brazil
Vietnam 1.85 × 107
Colombia 9.2 × 106
Indonesia 8.5 × 106
(a) In 2010, Brazil produced 48 million bags of coffee�
Complete the table with the coffee production for Brazil, using standard form� [1]
(b) How many more bags of coffee were produced in Vietnam than in Colombia?
Answer �������������������������������������������� [2]
(c) The mass of a bag of coffee is 60 kg�
Work out the number of kilograms of coffee produced in Indonesia�
Give your answer in standard form�
Answer
6 (a) 4.8×107 cao (b) 9.3×106 oe Answer ��������������������������������������� kg [1]
(c) 5.1×108 cao
Standard form
7 The table below shows the populations of some countries in 2010. 4024/12/M/J/12/20
Country Population
Indonesia 2.4 × 108
Mexico
Russia 1.4 × 108
Senegal 1.4 × 107
South Korea 4.8 × 107
(a) The population of Mexico was 111 210 000.
In the table above, complete the row for Mexico.
Give your answer in standard form, correct to two significant figures. [1]
(b) Complete the following sentences.
The population of Russia is ten times the population of .....................................
The population of ..................................... is one fifth of the population of Indonesia.
[2]
(c) Calculate the difference in population between South Korea and Senegal.
Give your answer in standard form.
Answer
7 (a) 1.1 × 108
Answer ..................................... [1]
(b) Senegal
South Korea
(c) 3.4 × 107
Standard form
4024/11/O/N/12/06
8 (a) Write the number 0.000 034 in standard form.
Answer ..................................... [1]
(b) Expressing your answer in standard form, find (5 × 108) × (4 × 107).
Answer 6 (a) 3.4 × 10–5 Answer ..................................... [1]
(b) 2 (.0) × 1016
9 p = 2.4 × 102 q = 6 × 103 4024/11/M/J/13/17
Giving your answers in standard form, find
(a) p + q,
Answer ............................................ [1]
(b) 2p ÷ q.
Answer 9 (a) 6.24×103 Answer ............................................ [2]
-2
(b) 8×10
10 (a) Evaluate 5 # 10 0 + 3 # 10 1 + 1 # 10 2 . 4024/11/O/N/13/06
Answer ................................................ [1]
(b) Find (5 # 10 8) # (2.4 # 10 - 3) .
Give your answer in standard form.
Answer 10 (a) 135 Answer ................................................ [1]
(b) 1.2 × 106
Standard form
11 (a) Write the number 35 000 000 in standard form. 4024/12/O/N/13/07
Answer ............................................... [1]
4.2 # 10 - 2
(b) Giving your answer in standard form, evaluate .
3 # 10 4
Answer 11 3.5 × 10 7
(a) Answer ............................................... [1]
(b) 1.4 × 10 –6
12 (a) Light travels at a speed of 3 # 10 8 m/s. 4024/11/M/J/14/19
Calculate the time it takes for light to travel 6 km.
Give your answer in standard form.
Answer .......................................................s [2]
(b) One molecule of water is made up of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen.
The mass of one atom of hydrogen is 1.67 # 10 - 24 g.
The mass of one atom of oxygen is 2.66 # 10 - 23 g.
Calculate the mass of one molecule of water.
Give your answer in standard form.
Answer 12 (a) 2 × 10−5 Answer ...................................................... g [2]
(b) 2.99 × 10−23
Standard form
13 (a) Express 0.000 085 2 in standard form. 4024/12/M/J/14/05
Answer .............................................................. [1]
(b) Calculate ^3 # 10 5h ' ^6 # 10 - 2h, giving your answer in standard form.
Answer 13 (a) 8.52 × 10–5 final answer Answer .............................................................. [1]
6
(b) 5 × 10
14 (a) In 2013 the population of China was approximately 1 360 000 000 . 4024/11/O/N/14/19
Write this number in standard form.
Answer ......................................... [1]
(b) p = 8 # 10 5 q = 7 # 10 3
Giving your answers in standard form, find
(i) pq,
Answer ......................................... [1]
(ii) p - q.
Answer Answer ......................................... [2]
14 (a) 1.36 × 109
(b) (i) 5.6 × 109
(ii) 7.93 × 105
Standard form
15 (a) Write the number 0.000 567 in standard form. 4024/12/O/N/14/12
Answer ............................................. [1]
-5
3 # 10
(b) Giving your answer in standard form, evaluate .
5 # 10 6
Answer 15 (a) 5.67 × 10–4
Answer ............................................. [2]
(b) 6 × 10 –12
16 p = 4 # 10 5 q = 7 # 10 6 4024/11/M/J/15/05
Expressing each answer in standard form, find
(a) p2 ,
Answer .............................................. [1]
(b) p + q .
Answer 1.6 × 10 11 Answer .............................................. [1]
4024/12/M/J/15/09
17 (a) Write0.00000521instandardform.
Answer��������������������������������������������� [1]
(b) Givingyouranswerinstandardform,evaluate(6 # 10 7) # (5 # 10 -3) .
–6
Answer 17 (a) 5.21 × 10 Answer��������������������������������������������� [1]
(b) 3 × 105
Standard form
18 (a) The mass of a dust particle is approximately 0.000 075 3 g. 4024/11/O/N/15/16
Write this mass in standard form.
Answer ..................................... g [1]
(b) The mass of the Earth is 5.972 × 1024 kg.
The mass of the Moon is 7.3 × 1022 kg.
Find the total mass, in kg, of the Earth and the Moon.
Give your answer in standard form.
Answer 18 (a) 7.53 × 10 −5 Answer ................................... kg [2]
(b) 6.045 × 10 24
4024/12/M/J/15/10
19 (a) Express the number 0.000 004 5 in standard form.
Answer ................................................. [1]
(b)
p = 6 × 108 q = 4 × 107
Expressing each answer in standard form, find
(i) p × q,
Answer ................................................. [1]
(ii) p – q.
Answer 19 (a) 4.5 × 10 –6 Answer .................................................. [1]
(b) (i) 2.4 × 10 16
(ii) 5.6 × 10 8
Standard form
4024/11/M/J/16/06
20 (a) Write the number 0.034 # 10 -3 in standard form.
Answer ........................................... [1]
(b) Arrange the following numbers in order, starting with the smallest.
0.034 # 10 -3 33.7 # 10 -6 0.42 # 10 -5
Answer ........................................ , ........................................ , ....................................... [1]
smallest
–5
20 (a) 3.4 × 10
–5 –6 –3
(b) 0.42 × 10 33.7 × 10 0.034 × 10
Standard form
4024/12/M/J/16/22
21 The table shows the populations, correct to 2 significant figures, of some African countries
in 2014.
Country Population
Nigeria
Sudan 3.6 × 107
Chad 1.1 × 107
Namibia 2.2 × 106
(a) In 2014, the population of Nigeria was 177 156 000.
Complete the table with the population of Nigeria using standard form, correct to
2 significant figures. [2]
(b) Complete the following.
The population of Chad was ............... times the population of Namibia. [1]
(c) The population density of a country is measured as the number of people per square kilometre.
It can be found by dividing the population of the country by its area in km2.
The area of Sudan is 1.86 × 106 square kilometres.
Estimate the population density of Sudan.
Give your answer correct to 1 significant figure.
Answer Answer ...................... people / km2 [2]
21 (a) 1.8 × 108 cao (b) 5 (c) 20 cao
Standard Form
22 The thickness of an oil film is 0.000 004 cm. 4024/01/M/J/06/9
(a) Express 0.000 004 in standard form.
(b) The oil covers an area of 20 m2.
Calculate the volume of the oil in cubic centimetres.
Answer (a) 4 x 10 - 6 Answer (a) ....................................................
(b) (0).8 cm 3 (b) ............................................ cm3
23 The distance from the Earth to the Sun is e kilometres, where e = 1.5 × 108. 4024/01/O/N/06/10
The distance from the Sun to Mercury is m kilometres, where m = 6 × 107.
(a) Express e : m as the ratio of two integers in its simplest form.
(b)
Earth Sun Mercury
1.5 × 108 km 6 × 107 km
The diagram shows when the Earth, the Sun and Mercury are in a straight line, with
the Sun between the Earth and Mercury.
Find the distance from the Earth to Mercury.
Give your answer in standard form.
Answer
2 (a) 5:2 c.a.o Answer (a) ..................... : ......................[1]
(b) 2.1 x 108
(b) ........................................km [2]
24 It is given that p = 4 × 105 and q = 8 × 106. 4024/01/O/N/07/17
Expressing your answers in standard form, find
p
(i) q,
3
(ii) q .
Answer
(i) 5 x 10 -2
Answer (a)(i) ..............................................[1]
(ii) 2 x 102 (ii) ..............................................[1]
Standard Form
25 The distance of Saturn from the Sun is 1507 million kilometres. 4024/01/M/J/07
Express 1507 million in standard form.
9
Answer (b) ....................................................[1]
Answer 1.507 × 10 cao
26 The Earth is 1.5 × 108 kilometres from the Sun. 4024/01/M/J/08/18
(a) Mercury is 5.81 × 107 kilometres from the Sun.
How much nearer is the Sun to Mercury than to the Earth?
Give your answer in standard form.
(b) A terametre is 1012 metres.
Find the distance of the Earth from the Sun in terametres.
Answer 5 (a) 9.19 × 107 (km) Answer (a) ....................................... km [2]
15 3
(b) (0).15, or (terametres) (b) ............................ terametres [2]
100 20
27 It is given that m = 2.1 × 107 and n = 3 × 104. 4024/01/O/N/08/07
Expressing your answers in standard form, find
(a) m ÷ n,
(b) n2 + m.
Answer 27 (a) 7 × 10 2 Answer (a) ............................................[1]
8
(b) 9.21 × 10 (b) ............................................[2]
Standard Form
28 Evaluate (6.3 × 106) ÷ (9 × 102), giving your answer in standard form. 4024/01/M/J/09/8b
Answer 7 × 103 Answer ( ) ..................................... [2]
Standard form word problems
4024/11/M/J/10/19
1 Some data about two planets, Earth and Mars, is shown in the table.
Average Mass Volume
Planet
temperature (°C) (tonnes) (km3)
Earth 15 5.98 × 1021 1.08 × 1012
Mars –63 6.58 × 1020 162 000 million
(a) How much greater is the average temperature on Earth than that on Mars?
Answer (a) .................................°C [1]
(b) Write down the volume of Mars in standard form.
Answer (b) .............................. km3 [1]
(c) Calculate the difference in mass between Earth and Mars.
Give your answer in standard form.
Answer 1 (a) 78 Answer (c) ...........................tonnes [2]
(b) 1.62 × 1011
(c) 5.32(2) × 1021
Standard Form word P roblem
2 Tom estimated the population of five countries in 2020. 4024/01/O/N/09/07
The table below shows these estimates.
Country Population
Australia 2.35 × 107
Brazil 1.95 × 109
China 1.4 × 109
Japan 1.36 × 108
United Kingdom 6.9 × 107
(a) Which country did he estimate would have a population about 20 times that of the United
Kingdom?
Answer (a) .......................................[1]
(b) How many more people did he estimate would be in Japan than in Australia?
Give your answer in standard form.
Answer (b) .......................................[2]
