Indian Economy

Infrastructure
The concept of Infrastructure- Infrastructure refers to these key components of economic and social
change that serve as a platform to support productive work in the economy.
Economic Infrastructure- Refers to all such aspects of economic transformation that serve as a
catalyst for economic growth.
Social Infrastructure- It refers to the key elements of social change that serve as the basis for
supporting the country's social development process.

Infrastructure and Development

The following observations show how infrastructure contributes to growth and development.
• Infrastructure contributes to productivity
• Infrastructure creates investment
• Infrastructure creates a link in production
• Infrastructure improves market size
• Improve efficiency
• Induces Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

State of Infrastructure in India

(i) Energy is a very important part of economic infrastructure. Industrial production is not possible
without energy.
Power is broadly distinguished as commercial and non-commercial power.
• Commercial Energy Sectors Coal, petroleum products natural gas, electricity.
• Non-Commercial Energy components Firewood, animal waste, agricultural waste.
(ii) General Sources
• Coal
• Natural gas
(iii) Non-Common Sources
• Solar energy
• Wind power
• Biomass power to combine energy in the form of a gobar gas
• Geo thermal power
• Energy through waves and waves and temperature above sea level
(iv) Energy / Electricity The most visible form of energy, often identified by progress in a limited
energy culture, is often called electricity.
(v) Other Challenges in the Energy Sector
• Poor electricity generation
• Low power consumption
• Loss of electrical boards
(vi) Health care is a state of physical, mental and social well-being. It does not simply mean the
absence of disease; rather, it refers to the physical and mental state of a person.
Post-Freedom Health Services Development
There have been significant improvements in health facilities. The following are the highlights
• Decreased mortality
• Reduce infant mortality
• Increased life expectancy
• Control of deadly diseases
• Decreased child mortality rates
Women's Health- Indian women suffer from severe neglect not only in the field of education, but
also in the health care sector. More than 50% of women in India aged 15-49 suffer from
malnutrition.

Health as an Emerging Challenge

The points presented below highlight the shortcomings of our social infrastructure in relation to
health facilities.
• Unequal distribution of health services
• Infectious diseases
• To hurt
• Privacy
• Inadequate storage and maintenance
• Poor sanitation rate
The infrastructure facilitates the economic support system. It contributes to the development of the
country's economy by increasing productivity and improving the quality of life of its people.
This chapter focuses on analysing the economic and social components of infrastructure. The
importance of infrastructure in the context of economic growth and development is also discussed
in it.

Concept, Types and Importance of Infrastructure- Infrastructure is the basic physical and
organizational structure needed for public or business operations. Provides support services in key
sectors of industrial and agricultural production, domestic and foreign trade and trade. The
installation of infrastructure does not produce goods but helps to promote productive activities in
the economy. E.g. transport, communications, banking, energy, etc.
These services include roads, railways, ports, airports, dams, power stations, oil and gas pipelines,
communication facilities, etc. They include a national education system that includes schools and
colleges, a health system that includes hospitals, a hygiene system that includes clean drinking water
resources and a financial system that includes banks, insurance and other financial institutions.

Types of Infrastructure
Infrastructure is widely classified as a social and economic infrastructure. They are discussed below
Social Infrastructure Refers to the key elements of social change that serve as the basis for the
country's social development process. Contributes to economic processes indirectly and outside the
production and distribution system, e.g. educational institutions, hospitals, sanitation and
accommodation, etc.
Economic infrastructure Refers to all these aspects of economic transformation that serve as the
basis for the process of economic growth. This helps in the direct production system. E.g. transport,
communications, power / capacity, etc.
Differences between Social and Economic Infrastructure
Infrastructure Compliance- Infrastructure is a support system that provides support for the efficient
operation of the modem industrial economy. Modem farming also depends heavily on it
• Transport of seeds, pesticides, fertilizers, etc.
We use modern roads, railways and shipping facilities i. In more recent times, agriculture has also
relied on insurance and the banking system.
Insufficient infrastructure can have many negative effects on health. Improvements in water supply
and sanitation have a significant impact on reducing diseases (unhealthy conditions or illness) from
the largest.
• Waterborne diseases and to reduce the severity of the disease, if possible. Air pollution and safety
hazards linked to transportation also affect diseases especially in densely populated areas.

The Importance of Infrastructure in Development

• The following points highlight how infrastructure contributes to growth and development
• Impact on Production Infrastructure plays a major role in product development, improved roads,
warehouses etc. Farmers can easily sell their products in different markets. Irrigation areas have also
reduced the dependence on domestic air for water requirements, which not only increases
productivity but also productivity.
• Creates Investment Infrastructure creates investment. Low investment indicates low productivity
and economic stagnation. Well-developed infrastructure attracts foreign investors. Provides
investment options and a profitable business.
• Creates Liaison in Production Better transport and communication systems, a strong banking and
financial system creates better communication between industries. It is a situation in which the
growth of one industry contributes to the growth of another.
• Improving Market Infrastructure Size improves market size as a large product range can capture
many markets.
• Improves Performance Social infrastructure increases the quality of life of employees, thereby
increasing their efficiency. Health care facilities, educational institutions and other such institutions
acquire skills that enhance efficiency and effectiveness.
• Facilities Outsourcing India is emerging as a global hub for all types of employment. For example,
call centres, study centres, medical centres
• Text and other resources, for the most part - in its sound social and economic infrastructure
program.

State of Infrastructure in India: Traditionally, the government is the only one responsible for
developing the country's infrastructure. But it was found that government investment in
infrastructure was not enough. Today, the private sector and its partnerships have begun to play a
key role in infrastructure development. India invests only 5% of its infrastructure GDP, which is lower
than that of China and Indonesia.
State of Infrastructure in rural areas- Most Indians still live in rural areas.
The state of infrastructure in rural India can be understood in the following points
• Despite all the technological advances, rural women in India still use bio oil to meet their daily
energy needs.
• Women travel long distances to fetch water and other basic necessities.
• Census 2001 shows that in rural India, only 56% of households have access to electricity and 43%
still use paraffin.
• About 90% of rural households use natural oils for cooking.
• Tap water is only available in 24% of households.
• About 76% of people drink water from open sources such as springs, ponds, etc.
• Access to improved sanitation in rural areas was only 20%.

Prospects for the Future in India- Some economists have predicted that India will become the third
largest economy in the world, in a few decades from now. For that to happen, India will need to
increase its investment in infrastructure.
In an economy as money goes up, infrastructure needs will change. In low-income countries, basic
infrastructure services such as irrigation, transportation and energy are of paramount importance.
Instead, developed economies need more infrastructures related to infrastructure. As a result, the
share of energy and telecommunications infrastructure is huge in high-income countries.
Thus, infrastructure development and economic development go hand in hand. Clearly, if
infrastructure development is not taken into account, economic development will be severely
affected.
In this chapter, we will focus only on two types of infrastructure, those related to energy and health.
Other types of infrastructure are not included in our syllabus.

Energy- Energy is an important part of the national development process. It is important in industry,
agriculture and areas related to the production and transport of fertilizers, pesticides and farm
equipment. Also needed in the house for cooking, house lighting and heating etc.

Energy Sources
1. Conventional Sources of energy
There are two main types of energy sources
• Commercial resources Coal, petrol and electricity are the sources of energy for sale as they were
bought and sold in the market. They account for more than 40% of the total amount of energy
used in India. Commercial energy sources are usually depleted naturally.
• Non-Commercial Sources Firewood, agricultural waste and dried manure are non-commercial
sources of energy. They are available in nature for free. Non-commercial resources are usually
renewed naturally.
More than 60% of India's households rely on conventional energy sources. In meeting their normal
cooking and heating needs.

2. Non-Conventional Energy Sources

Solar power, wind power and ocean power are rare sources. India has almost unlimited capacity to
produce all three types of energy when using the right expensive technology (already available)
when used.
Note that India is the fifth largest producer of wind power.
Differences between Conventional Non-Conventional Energy Sources

Primary and final Sources of Energy

Key Resources These is natural resources on Earth. They do not need to be modified before use.
They are used directly as production inputs. eg, coal, lignite, petroleum, gas, etc.
Sources are used as the final product.
This includes the process of conversion, converting inputs into final results such as converting coal
energy into electricity.

Pattern of Use of Commercial Energy in India

Currently, commercial power consumption accounts for about 74% of all energy used in India. This
includes coal with the largest share of 54%, followed by oil at 33%, natural gas at 9% and
hydropower at 3%. Non-commercial energy sources account for more than 26% of total energy
consumption.
An important aspect of India's energy sector and its economic connectivity, its dependence on crude
oil and petroleum products, which is likely to grow rapidly to reach more than 100% of demand in
the near future.

The pattern of sector of power consumption in India

Earlier until 1953-54, the transport industry was a major consumer of commercial energy but
declined after that and the industrial sector continued to grow. The share of oil and gas is the
highest in all commercial energy use.

Power / Electricity- The most visible form of energy, often associated with advances in modern
civilization, is energy, often called electricity. It is an important part of the infrastructure that
determines the country's economic development. The growth rate of energy demand is generally
higher than the GDP growth rate. Studies show that for 8% a year, the supply of electricity should
increase by about 1. per year.
In 2010-11, hot springs reached about 65% of India's production capacity. Hydel and wind power
accounted for 32.5% and nuclear power at only 2.5%. India's energy policy promotes two energy
sources; hydel and air, as they do not depend on fossil fuels and thus, avoids carbon emissions and
are naturally renewable. There has been a result of the rapid growth of electricity generated when
there are two sources.
Atomic energy is an important source of energy. At present, nuclear power accounts for only 2.5% of
total energy expenditure, compared to a very low global average of 13%. Thus, some scientists
suggest generating more electricity through atomic sources.

Solar energy use in Thane

There is widespread use of solar energy in the city of Thane. The use of solar energy, which was
considered to be somewhat unattainable, was purchased with real benefits and cost-effective and
energy-efficient effects. It has compelled all new buildings in the city to install solar water heaters.

Other Challenges in the Energy Sector

Energy, in a developing country like India, is the foundation needed to promote economic growth
and provide basic livelihoods to all the people of the country.
The energy generated by the various power stations is not fully utilized by consumers, some are
utilized by the power station itself and some are wasted through transmission.
Some of the challenges India's energy sector faces today
• India's electricity generation capacity is not enough to feed the annual economy by 9%. Currently,
India is also capable of only 20,000 MW per year. Even the installed power is used sparingly.
• Provincial Electricity Boards (SEBs) supply electricity, incurring further losses? 500 billion due to
transfers and losses of distribution, negative electricity prices and other inefficiencies.
• Private power generation companies will continue to play their major role, much like foreign
investors.
• There is widespread violence in the community due to high electricity costs and prolonged power
outages in various parts of the country.
• Hydroelectric power plants, which are the backbone of India's energy sector, suffer from shortages
of raw materials and coal.
Sustainable economic development and population growth drive demand for more energy than
India's production. Instead of investing in the already installed electricity sector, the government has
shifted interest rates to the private sector, especially through higher electricity supply.

Power Distribution: The Delhi case

Since then, the administration of autonomous power in the capital has changed hands four times.
The Delhi State Electricity Board (DSEB) was established in 1951. This was followed by Delhi Electric
Supply Undertaking (DESU) in 1958. The Delhi Vidyut Board (DVB) was formed as SEB in February
1997.
Electric distribution is now available to two leading private companies — Reliance Energy Limited
(BSES Rajdhani Power Limited and BSES Yamuna Power Limited) and Tata — Power Limited (TPDDL).
They provide electricity to approximately 28 lakh customers in Delhi.
The tax structure and other regulatory matters are overseen by the Delhi Electricity Regulatory
Commission (DERC). While significant improvements in energy efficiency are expected and
consumers will benefit greatly, the data shows unsatisfactory results.

Health- A person's ability to work depends largely on his health. Good health improves quality of life.
Health is not just the absence of disease but also the ability to detect human potential. It is a
measure of human well-being.
Health is an important part of public infrastructure. It is a complete program related to the growth
and development of the nation as a whole. Experts evaluate human health by considering indicators
such as infant mortality and maternal mortality, life expectancy and nutritional status, as well as the
incidence of infectious and non-communicable diseases.
Health infrastructure development assures the country about healthy workers in the production of
goods and services.
Health infrastructure includes hospitals, doctors, nurses and other medical professionals, beds,
hospital equipment and a well-developed medical industry. The presence of infrastructure alone is
not enough to have healthy people but should be easily accessible to all.

State of Health Infrastructure in India- The government has a constitutional obligation to regulate
and regulate all health-related issues such as medical education, food addiction, drugs and toxicity,
medical work, important statistics, mental illness, deprivation and insanity. The General Council for
Family Health and Social Welfare collects information and provides financial and technical assistance
to Provincial Governments, union areas and other bodies for the implementation of important
national health programs.

The state of health infrastructure in India can be understood in the following points
• At village level, various hospitals known as Primary Health Centres (PHCs) have been established.
• There are a number of hospitals run by voluntary agencies and private companies, equipped with
specialists and paramedical specialists trained in medical, pharmacy and nursing colleges.
• Since the country gained independence, there has been a significant increase in the provision of
health services. India Public Health Infrastructure, 1951-2000

Private health sector infrastructure- Recently, the private health infrastructure has grown
exponentially. In the private sector, the infrastructure is described below
About 70% of the hospitals operating in India are owned by private companies. About 60% of
dispensaries are owned by private companies.
The private sector has also been instrumental in medical education and training, medical technology
and diagnostics, the manufacture and sale of medicines, hospital construction and medical services.

India Health System- India's health infrastructure and health care is done in a three-phase plan
1. Primary Health Care- The primary health care system in India includes
• Education on existing health problems and ways to identify, prevent and control them.
• Promoting the provision of food and proper nutrition as well as the provision of adequate water
and sanitation.
• Maternal and child health care.
• Vaccination against major infectious diseases and injuries.
• Promoting health and the provision of essential medicines.
Auxiliary Nursing Midwife (ANM) is the first person to provide basic health care. Primary Health
Centres (PHCs), Community Health Centres (CHCs) and sub-centres.
2. Second Health Care- If a patient's condition is not controlled by PHCs, they are referred to
secondary or tertiary hospitals. Health care facilities with better surgical centres, X-ray, ECG (Electro
Cardio Graph) are called secondary health facilities. They both serve as primary health care providers
and provide better health care facilities. They are mainly found in the district and in the capital city.
3. Advanced Health Care- In institutions of higher learning, there are hospitals with state-of-the-art
equipment and medical facilities that deal with all serious health problems, beyond the control of
primary and secondary hospitals.
The sector includes many key institutions that not only provide quality health care and research but
also provide specialized health care.
For example, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMSs), Post Graduate Institute (PGI),
Chandigarh, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER),
Pondicherry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHNSs), Bangalore and All
India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Kolkata.
Indian Systems of Medicine ASM- It includes six systems, Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha,
Naturopathy and Homeopathy (AYUSNH). There are currently 3529 ISM 24943 dispensaries and as
registered employees 6.5 lakhs in India.
Medical Tourism - Great Opportunity- Foreigners now visit India for surgery, liver transplants,
dental care and even cosmetics, etc. The reason is, our healthcare includes the latest medical
technology and trained professionals and is cheaper for outsiders compared to the cost of similar
health care services. personal countries. In 2004-05, as many as 150000 foreigners visited India for
treatment, a figure that is likely to increase by 15% each year. Health infrastructure can be upgraded
to attract more foreigners to India.
ISM is very powerful and can solve most of our health care problems because it is effective, safe, and
inexpensive.
Health Indicators and Health Infrastructure: Critical Assessment
(i) The state of health of the country can be assessed using indicators such as infant mortality and
maternal mortality rates, life expectancy and nutritional status, as well as incidence of infectious
diseases.
Holidaymakers argue that there is a high chance of government involvement in the health sector.
From the table provided, the following facts can be finalized
• India's expenditure on the health sector is only 4.2% of total GDP. This is very low compared to
other, developing and developed countries.
• India has about 17 per cent of the world's population but carries a staggering 20 per cent disease
burden worldwide.
• The Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) is an indicator used by experts to estimate the number of
premature deaths due to a specific disease and the number of years they spend in a state of
‘disability’ as a result of the disease.
• Every year about 5 lakh children die from waterborne diseases. The risk of AIDS is also increasing.
• Malnutrition and unavailability of vaccines result in the deaths of 2.2 million children each year.
• Currently, less than 20% of people use public health facilities.
• Only 38% of PHCs have the number of doctors they need and only 30% PHCs have a stock of sutTK
drugs.

Urban and rural segregation and poor

The differences in health care between urban - rural and affluent areas can be understood in the
points provided below.
• Only one in five hospitals in rural areas. Rural India probably has a number of dispensaries. People
in rural areas do not have adequate medical infrastructure. This leads to differences in people's
health status. Of the 7 lakhs beds, about 11% are found in rural areas.
• There are only 0.36% of hospitals per lakh people in rural areas and urban areas have 3.6% of the
same number of hospitals.
• PHCs in rural areas do not even provide X-rays or blood tests, which include basic health care for a
city dweller. Although 315 reputable medical colleges produce 30,000 doctoral degrees each year.
However there is a shortage of doctors in rural areas. One-fifth of these doctors go from one
country to another to get better job opportunities.
• The poorest 20% of Indians living in urban and rural areas spend 12% of their income on health
care while the rich spend only 2%.
• The percentage of people who do not receive appropriate care increased from 15 in 1986 to 24 in
2003.

Women's Health- Women make up about half the population of India. They face many
disadvantages compared to men in the field of education, participation in economic activities and
health care. The child sex ratio has been increased from 927 in 2001 to 914 in 2011.
The number of murders of women in the country is increasing. An estimated 300,000 girls under the
age of 15 are not only married but have also had children, at least once.
More than 50% of married women between the ages of 15 and 49 suffer from iron deficiency
anaemia. It has contributed to 19% maternal mortality. Abortion is the leading cause of illness and
death for mothers in India.

Health: Social Security and Basic Human Rights All citizens can have access to better health facilities
if public health services are distributed. Success in the fight against disease depends on education
and effective health infrastructure. It is therefore necessary to create health awareness and provide
an effective system. The role of telecom and IT in this regard is crucial. The main goal should be to
help people move on to a better life.
Q1. Which of the following is a part of a three-tier system of health infrastructure?
(a) Primary health care
(b) Secondary health care
(c) Tertiary health care
(d) All of these

Q2. Which of the following statements is true?

(a) Economic infrastructure helps to improve the stock of physical capital, while social infrastructure
helps to improve the stock of human capital
(b) Political infrastructure helps to improve the stock of physical capital, while social infrastructure
helps to improve the stock of human capital
(c) Economic infrastructure helps to improve the stock of physical capital, while political
infrastructure helps to improve the stock of human capital
(d) Technological infrastructure helps to improve the stock of physical capital, while political
infrastructure helps to improve the stock of human capital

Q3. Which of the following statements about the role of infrastructure in economic development is
true?
(a) Infrastructure helps to raise the overall productivity of the factors of production
(b) Infrastructure helps to improve the quality of life in a country
(c) Both a and b are incorrect
(d) Both a and b are correct

Q4. The Ministry of Power has ___________.

(a) Launched the power in excess programme with the objective of improving the efficiency of
thermal stations
(b) Launched the partnership in power programme with the objective of improving the efficiency of
thermal stations
(c) Launched the power in excellence programme with the objective of improving the efficiency of
thermal stations
(d) Launched the partnership in excellence programme with the objective of improving the efficiency
of thermal stations

Q5. The Census of 2001 showed that _________.

(a) Only 56 per cent of the total households in rural India had an electricity connection, while 43 of
the households still used Kerosene
(b) Only 59 per cent of the total households in rural India had an electricity connection, while 45 of
the households still used Kerosene
(c) Only 54 per cent of the total households in rural India had an electricity connection, while 47 of
the households still used Kerosene
(d) Only 59 per cent of the total households in rural India had an electricity connection, while 40 of
the households still used Kerosene

Q6. In 2014, which project was launched?

(a) JSY
(b) NRHM
(c) IDPS
(d) None of the above
Q7. Which of the following statements is true about social infrastructure?
(a) Electricity is an essential component of social infrastructure
(b) Roads and highways are an essential component of social infrastructure
(c) Internet is an essential component of social infrastructure
(d) Housing is an essential component of social infrastructure
Q8. Which of the following statements is incorrect about infrastructure?
(a) Infrastructure is an important contributor to economic development
(b) All infrastructural facilities directly impact the production of goods and services
(c) Infrastructure is required to provide support services
(d) None of the above
Q9. Which of the following statements is not a function of primary health care?
(a) Primary healthcare is involved in providing essential drugs
(b) Primary healthcare is involved in spreading education and awareness related to health problems
(c) Primary healthcare focuses on conducting research
(d) Primary healthcare is involved in promoting proper nutrition
Q10. Which of the following is a secondary source of energy?
(a) Hydrocarbons
(b) Oil
(c) Both a and b are correct
(d) Both a and b are incorrect
Q11. What is morbidity?
(a) Proneness to fall ill
(b) High infant mortality rate
(c) High maternal mortality rate
(d) Low life expectancy

Q12. What percent of rural households use biofuels for cooking?

(a) 50 percent
(b) 75 percent
(c) 80 percent
(d) 90 percent

Q13. Which of the following countries invest almost 50 percent of its GDP in infrastructure?
(a) India
(b) China
(c) Pakistan
(d) Sri Lanka

Q14. Low-income countries do not invest in which of the given infrastructural services?
(a) Transport
(b) Irrigation
(c) Power
(d) Telecommunication

Q15. Which of the following statements is true for commercial sources of energy?
(a) Commercial sources are bought and sold.
(b) Commercial sources are renewable.
(c) Commercial sources are found in forests.
(d) Dried dung is an example of a commercial source of energy.
Q16. Which of the following systems is not included in the Indian System of Medicines?
(a) Allopathy
(b) Homeopathy
(c) Naturopathy
(d) Ayurveda

Q17. Which of the following sector was the largest consumer of commercial energy in 1953-54?
(a) Households
(b) Industries
(c) Transport
(d) Agriculture

Q18. The power generated from water is called

(a) Thermal Power
(b) Hydroelectric Power
(c) Atomic Power
(d) Tidal Power

Q19. From which of the following sources of generation we get the largest amount of power?
(a) Thermal Power
(b) Hydroelectric Power
(c) Atomic Power
(d) Tidal Power

Q20. Which of the following is a reason for noise pollution?

(a) Domestic sewerage
(b) Industrial waste
(c) Industrial machines
(d) Emission of gases

Q21. National Rural Health Mission was launched in which year?

(a) 2006
(b) 2005
(c) 2000
(d) 2009

Q22. India’s Energy Policy encourages the following two energy sources:
(a) Hydel and Thermal Power
(b) Wind and thermal power
(c) Hydel and wind
(d) Thermal and Nuclear power

Q23. Which of the following is not a measure to meet the power crisis?
(a) Improvement in Plant load factor
(b) Control and transmission and distribution losses
(c) Increase in production capacity
(d) Encourage use of non-renewable sources
Q24. Renewable sources of energy are preferred to non-renewable sources because:
(a) They are not exhaustible
(b) They can be reproduced
(c) Both a) and b)
(d) Neither a) nor b)

Q25. The major problem in the energy sector is:

(a) Lack of finance
(b) Inefficiency in production
(c) Inefficiency in distribution
(d) Anyon of the above

Q26. The National AIDS Control Programme aims at:

(a) Curing HIV infection
(b) Curing AIDS
(c) Check the spread of HIV infection
(d) All the above

Q27. ISM stands for:

(a) Indian System of Medical
(b) Indian System of Medicine
(c) Indian System of Mediclaim
(d) None of these

Q28. AYUSH Programme aims at:

(a) Spreading medical facilities
(b) Strengthening the non-allopathic system of medicines
(c) Spreading good sanitary habits
(d) Popularising self-cures

Q29. ____measures the operational efficiency of a thermal plant.

(a) Power leakage factor
(b) Plant leakage factor
(c) Plant load factor
(d) Power load factor

Q30. Education is a:
(a) Economic Infrastructure
(b) Sustainable Development
(c) Economic Development
(d) Social Infrastructure

Q31. In a rural area, what is the female worker’s participation rate?

(a) Lower in a rural area
(b) Higher in rural areas
(c) Higher in urban areas
(d) Lower in both the areas

Q32. Which of the following comes under the purview of primary healthcare system in India?
(a) Immunization, proper nutrition, and health education
(b) Surgery, research, and specialized healthcare
(c) X-ray and ECG
(d) all the above
Q33. Who is ANM?
(a) Auxiliary Nursing Midwife
(b) Auxiliary National Medication
(c) Auxiliary Neuropathic Medicine
(d) Auxiliary Nursing Method

Q34.GDP growth and infrastructure are ______ proportionate.

(a) Directly
(b) Increasing
(c) Decline
(d) Indirectly

Q35. Indian system of medicine comprises of______

(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) 6

Q36. In which city, all Indian institute of medical science has been set up?
(a) Chennai
(b) Pune
(c) Karnataka
(d) New Delhi

Q37. Which programme was launched in 2006 with objective of correcting regional imbalances in
provision of health care?
(a) Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana
(b) National Rural Health Mission
(c) Janani Suraksha Yojana
(d) Integrated Disease Surveillance

Q38. Why are education, health and housing called social infrastructure?
(a) Core elements of social change
(b) Helps in development
(c) Necessary for growth
(d) Help in increasing per capita income

Q39. ______ is an example of a commercial source of energy

(a) Firewood
(b) Coal
(c) Agricultural waste
(d) Dried dung cakes

Q40. Which of the following statements is not correct with regards to infrastructure?
(a) Infrastructure contributes to economic development.
(b) Infrastructure provides support services.
(c) All infrastructural facilities have a direct impact on the production of goods and services.
(d) Inadequate infrastructure can have multiple adverse effects on health.
SOLUTIONS:
S1. Ans. (d)
Sol. LEVEL OF HEALTH CARE SYSTEM ---
1. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SYSTEM:
It is also called essential health care of India.
Example:
1. Sub centre
2. PHC centre
2. SECONDARY HEALTH CARE SYSTEM:
This level serves as the first referral unit or FRU's in the health system.
Example:
1. Community Heath Centre or CHC's
2. District hospital's
3. TERTIARY LEVEL HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
Example:
-Regional hospital
-Super speciality hospital
-Medical College hospital
-Central government institutes like; AIIMS -JIPMER, NIMHANS etc.
S2. Ans. (a)
S3. Ans. (d)
S4. Ans. (d)
S5. Ans. (a)
S6. Ans. (c)
S7. Ans. (d)
S8. Ans. (b)
S9. Ans. (c)
S10. Ans. (b)
S11. Ans. (a)
S12. Ans. (d)
S13. Ans. (b)
S14. Ans. (d)
S15. Ans. (a)
S16. Ans. (a)
S17. Ans. (b)
S18. Ans. (b)
S19. Ans. (a)
S20. Ans. (c)
S21. Ans. (b)
S22. Ans. (c)
S23. Ans. (c)
Sol. Option (c) Increase in production capacity is the correct answer,
• Power crisis is one of the major issues in our country,
• On Daily basis, the power issues are arising.
• It can be resolved by using renewable resources, by controlling transmission and distribution losses
and by increasing plant load factor.
• Production capacity improvement will not meet the power crisis in longer way,
S24. Ans. (b)
S25. Ans. (d)
S26. Ans. (d)
S27. Ans. (b)
Sol. Indian Systems of Medicine is the correct answer.
Indian Systems of Medicine is known as ISM.
There are 6 recognized systems of medicine in our country.
They are as follows:
• Ayurveda
• Siddha
• Unani
• Yoga
• Naturopathy
• Homoeopathy
Around 3,000 hospitals are under ISM.
S28. Ans. (a)
S29. Ans. (c)
S30. Ans. (d)
Sol. Social infrastructure includes the construction and maintenance of facilities that support social
services. These can include healthcare (medical facilities and ancillary infrastructure), education
(schools, universities, and student accommodation), and housing.
S31. Ans. (b)
S32. Ans. (a)
S33. Ans. (a)
S34. Ans. (a)
Sol. The "rate of economic growth" refers to the geometric annual rate of growth in GDP between
the first and the last year over a period. This growth rate represents the trend in the average level of
GDP over the period and ignores any fluctuations in the GDP around this trend.
S35. Ans. (d)
S36. Ans. (d)
S37. Ans. (a)
Sol. The Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY) aims at correcting the imbalances in the
availability of affordable healthcare facilities in the different parts of the country. The scheme was
approved in March 2006.
S38. Ans. (a)
S39. Ans. (b)
S40. Ans. (c)