NAME: PADAM RAJ BHATTA

ROLL NUMBER: 2314513316

PROGRAM: BBA

SEMESTER: 1ST
COURSE NAME: COMMUNICATION & PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT

CODE: DBB1101
 SET-I

Q.No1: Illustrate all the different types of Tenses. Give examples.

Answer :
Here are the different types of tenses along with examples for each:

Present Tenses

1. Present Simple: This tense is used to describe general truths, habitual actions, scheduled
events, or facts. It is formed using the base form of the verb.
Example: "She swims in the pool every morning."
2. Present Continuous: This tense is used to describe actions that are happening at the
moment of speaking or actions that are ongoing. It is formed using a form of "to be" (am,
is, are) along with the present participle (verb form ending in -ing). Example: "I am
writing an email to my colleague."
3. Present Perfect: This tense is used to describe actions that occurred at an unspecified time
in the past or have relevance to the present. It is formed using "have" or "has" with the
past participle of the verb.
Example: "They have visited Paris several times."
4. Present Perfect Continuous: This tense is used to describe actions that started in the past,
continue into the present, and may continue into the future. It is formed using "have
been" or "has been" with the present participle.
Example: "I have been waiting for the bus for 30 minutes."

Past Tenses

1. Past Simple: This tense is used to describe actions that were completed at a specific time
in the past. It is typically formed by adding '-ed' to regular verbs, while irregular verbs
have different forms.
Example: "They walked to the park yesterday."
2. Past Continuous: This tense is used to describe actions that were ongoing at a specific
time in the past. It is formed using a form of "to be" (was, were) with the present
participle.
Example: "She was studying when the phone rang."
3. Past Perfect: This tense is used to describe actions that were completed before a certain
point in the past. It is formed using "had" with the past participle.
Example: "When I arrived, he had already finished his work."
4. Past Perfect Continuous: This tense is used to describe actions that were ongoing for a
period of time before another action in the past. It is formed using "had been" with the
present participle.
 Example: "She had been working at the company for five years when she decided to
leave."

Future Tenses

1. Future Simple: This tense is used to describe actions that will happen at a specific time in
the future. It is formed using "will" or "shall" with the base form of the verb. Example:
"We will go to the concert next weekend."
2. Future Continuous: This tense is used to describe actions that will be ongoing at a
specific time in the future. It is formed using "will be" or "shall be" with the present
participle.
Example: "At 8 PM tonight, I will be watching a movie."
3. Future Perfect: This tense is used to describe actions that will be completed before a
specific time in the future. It is formed using "will have" with the past participle.
Example: "By this time next year, I will have graduated."
4. Future Perfect Continuous: This tense is used to describe actions that will be ongoing for
a period of time before a specific time in the future. It is formed using "will have been"
with the present participle.
Example: "By next Friday, I will have been studying for the exam for two weeks."

Q.No 2 : Define the following and also give examples for each:
a) Noun
b) Pronoun
c) Conjunction
d) Preposition
e) Interjection

Answer :
Let's define each of these parts of speech and provide examples for each:

a) Noun: A noun is a word that represents a person, place, thing, or idea.

Example:

Person: "teacher"

Place: "Paris"

Thing: "book"

Idea: "freedom"
b) Pronoun: A pronoun is a word that is used in the place of nouns to avoid repetition or to
provide clarity. Pronouns can refer to a noun that has already been mentioned or that is about to
be mentioned.

Example:

Personal Pronoun: "he", "she", "I", "you"

Demonstrative Pronoun: "this", "that", "these", "those"

Relative Pronoun: "who", "whom", "which", "that"

Indefinite Pronoun: "everyone", "something", "nobody", "anyone"

c) Conjunction: A conjunction is a word used to connect words, phrases, or clauses together.

Coordinating Conjunction: "and", "but", "or", "so"

Subordinating Conjunction: "because", "although", "while", "if"

Correlative Conjunction: "either...or", "neither...nor", "both...and"

d) Preposition: A preposition is a word that shows the relationship between a noun (or pronoun)
and other words in a sentence.

Example:

"in" (The book is in the bag.)

"on" (The cat is on the table.)

"under" (The keys are under the mat.)

e) Interjection: An interjection is a word or phrase used to express strong feelings or emotions.

Example:

"Wow!" (expressing surprise)

"Ouch!" (expressing pain)

"Yikes!" (expressing alarm)

"Bravo!" (expressing praise)

Answer:

Leadership can be defined as the ability to inspire, influence, and guide others towards a
common goal or vision. Effective leadership involves various aspects such as decision-making,
communication, problem-solving, and creating a positive and productive work environment.

There are several different types of leadership profiles, each with its own characteristics and
approaches:

1. Autocratic Leadership: In this style, the leader makes decisions without the input of team
members and expects strict adherence to their directives. This approach can be effective
in crisis situations or when quick decisions are required, but it may stifle creativity and
motivation in the long term.
2. Democratic Leadership: Democratic leaders value the input of team members and seek
consensus before making decisions. This approach often leads to employee engagement
and creativity, as everyone's ideas are considered. However, it can be time-consuming
and may lead to indecision in urgent situations.
3. Transformational Leadership: Transformational leaders inspire and motivate their teams
to achieve extraordinary outcomes. They often have a compelling vision and are adept at
rallying others around that vision. They encourage innovation and personal growth in
their team members.
4. Transactional Leadership: Transactional leaders focus on setting clear expectations and
using a system of rewards and consequences to motivate their teams. They emphasize
performance standards and use incentives to drive productivity. While effective in
maintaining order and achieving short-term goals, this style may not foster long-term
engagement and creativity.
5. Servant Leadership: Servant leaders prioritize the needs of their team members and focus
on personal development and well-being. They lead by example and are committed to
serving the greater good of the organization and its employees.
6. Laissez-Faire Leadership: This leadership style involves minimal interference from the
leader, allowing team members to make decisions and manage their own tasks. While this
approach can promote independence and creativity, it may lead to a lack of direction and
coordination within the team.
Each leadership profile has its own strengths and weaknesses, and effective leaders may adapt
their style based on the circumstances and the needs of their team. It is also worth noting that
modern leadership theories often incorporate a mix of these profiles, emphasizing the importance
of flexibility and situational leadership.
Q.No 6 : Explain the four quadrants of the Johari Window in detail. Use your own
examples

Answer :

The Johari Window is a psychological model that represents the different aspects of self-
awareness and how individuals perceive themselves and are perceived by others. It is divided
into four quadrants, each representing a different area of knowledge about oneself. Here are the
details of each quadrant, along with examples:
1. Open or Arena: This quadrant represents the aspects of ourselves that we are aware of and
that others also see. It includes our behaviors, attitudes, and feelings that are known to
both ourselves and others. For example, a person may know that they are good at public
speaking, and others also see and acknowledge this skill when the individual presents
confidently in front of an audience.
2. Hidden or Facade: In this quadrant, we find aspects of ourselves that we are aware of but
keep hidden from others. These may include fears, insecurities, or personal secrets. An
example could be someone who has a fear of public speaking but tries to hide it, so others
may not be aware of this fear and only see the individual's confident exterior.
3. Blind Spot: This quadrant comprises aspects of ourselves that we are not aware of, but
that others can see. This might include behavioral patterns or habits that we do not
recognize in ourselves, but that are evident to those around us. An example could be a
person who interrupts others during conversations without realizing it, while those around
them notice this behavior and find it distracting.
4. Unknown: The final quadrant represents aspects of ourselves that are unknown to both us
and to others. These could be hidden talents, untapped potential, or unconscious
motivations that have yet to be discovered. For instance, someone may have a natural
talent for painting, but it remains undiscovered because they have never had the
opportunity to explore it.
The Johari Window serves as a useful tool for individuals and groups to improve self-awareness,
interpersonal communication, and relationships by expanding the open area while also
addressing and learning from the hidden, blind spot, and unknown areas.