CHAPTER-I

INTRODUCTION

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science. It is an intelligent system that uses
computer technology to simulate, extend, expand, and realize the human mind to carry out
thinking activities, learn knowledge, etc., and to help human beings solve problems . With the
rapid development of the Internet and AI, the combination of AI and medicine has had far-
reaching effects on healthcare systems and nursing. AI plays a significant role in clinical care,
nursing education, nursing management, etc.1

In clinical care, AI technology, especially AI robots, has a relatively wide range of applications
throughout the entire process from patient admission to discharge, and even post-discharge home
rehabilitation care. In busy hospital outpatient clinics, mobile intelligent guide robots play an
important role in optimizing outpatient services, improving outpatient patient’s experience, and
reducing the workload of nurses.2

In hospital intensive care unit, robots with different functions such as logistics and disinfection
robots, rehabilitation assistance robots, and treatment assistance robots contribute to reduce the
workload of nurses and provide personalized needs. When caring for infected patients
undergoing isolation, nurses face the risk of infection at any time. The emergence of mobile
robots not only reduces the risk of infection, but also improves the efficiency and quality of care.
For discharged patients with disabilities or walking disabilities, compared with walking aids,
mobility robots can sense the surrounding environment and the user’s intention, flexibly assisting
walking and reducing the occurrence of adverse events. Exoskeleton robots can help stroke
patients improve their gait and facilitate their rehabilitation .3

In addition, socially assistive robots can promote social interactions among home-bound older
adults, reduce their sense of loneliness, and enhance their sense of well-being.3
Generative AI is more widely used in nursing education. Generative AI is a class of AI models
including natural language processing, machine learning, reasoning and decision-making and
other multi-disciplinary technologies, which can creatively generate images, text, phonetics, etc.,
and has a promising application in the field of nursing education. Currently, ChatGPT is one of
the most powerful generative AI models, and its use not only meets the personalized learning
needs of nursing students, but also improves the efficiency of teachers and promotes
collaboration and communication between teachers and students .4

ChatGPT simulates learning environments or hospital scenarios for nursing students through
virtual reality, which is conducive to improving the students’ confidence and learning ability. In
addition, ChatGPT can provide nursing students with timely learning feedback, meet the need for
rapid access to information, and improve time management skills.5

Reducing the occurrence of adverse events such as falls and pressure injury in hospitals is an
important part of nursing management. Based on AI algorithms such as machine learning that
can process large amounts of data and construct predictive models with good performance, it can
help nursing managers to formulate appropriate management plans, while nurses can effectively
identify risk factors for pressure injury and falls, and formulate nursing care measures to address
the risk factors to reduce the incidence rate .6

In addition, predictive models based on machine learning algorithms have also been used to
predict unplanned readmissions of patients and diseases to reduce healthcare-related costs
through active intervention.6

Artificial intelligence’s application in nursing demonstrates its unique advantages. It can help
optimize nursing procedures, improve nursing practice efficiency, and facilitate precision
nursing. AI can efficiently analyze large amounts of complex data to help diagnose various
medical conditions and reduce the workload of healthcare workers; disease risk prediction
models built based on machine-learning algorithms can quickly identify diseases . Nevertheless,
AI’s application in nursing has drawbacks and raises ethical issues.7
Many countries have studied the perceptions and attitudes of medical students, healthcare
professionals, and patients toward the use of AI in the medical field . Many studies have
demonstrated positive attitudes toward AI; in contrast, controversial perceptions regarding AI
have also been reported .However, few studies have investigated the perceptions and attitudes of
medical students and healthcare workers toward AI’s application in nursing and reported surveys
on ethical research. Because the development of AI in nursing is still in its infancy, advantages
and problems exist in the field. This study aimed to investigate the perceptions, attitudes, and
concerns of nursing students and healthcare professionals on AI in nursing and their views on
ethical research, which could provide insight into developing strategies for improving AI’s
application in the nursing field.8

NEED OF THE STUDY

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a broad field that encompasses many technologies, methodologies,
and approaches. AI technologies are used in a wide range of applications, from everyday tasks
like route finding on Google Maps to complex tasks like diagnosing diseases in healthcare.9

AI technologies include machine learning, natural language processing, neural networks, and
more. AI systems can process data and vast amounts of data, make decisions based on that data,
and adapt and improve their performance over time. The development and application of AI
continue to evolve rapidly, with ongoing advancements in algorithms, computing power, and
data availability driving progress in the field.9

The importance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare cannot be overstated, as it brings

about numerous benefits and advancements in the field. AI is a transformative force in healthcare
that can enhance patient care, improve outcomes, increase efficiency, and drive innovation. As
technology continues to advance, the role of AI in healthcare is expected to expand further,
revolutionizing the way healthcare is delivered and experienced.4

Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds significant importance for nurses in various ways enhancing
their roles and improving patient care. AI can assist nurses by providing accurate and rapid
diagnostic support, helping them make quicker and more accurate assessments of patient
conditions. AI can help nurses tailor care plans to individual patients by analyzing patient data
and providing insights into personalized treatments and interventions.5

AI-powered clinical decision support systems can provide real-time information and
recommendations to nurses at the bedside, helping them make informed decisions about patient
care. AI can automate routine administrative tasks, such as data entry and documentation,
allowing nurses to spend more time with patients and focus on direct care. AI can assist in
medication management, including dosage calculations, drug interactions, and medication
administration, reducing medication errors.9

Nurses can remotely monitor patients with chronic conditions or those in home care settings
using AI-enabled wearable devices, ensuring timely interventions, and reducing hospital
readmissions. AI-powered chatbots and virtual assistants can help nurses communicate with
patients and provide information and support, enhancing patient engagement and education AI
can predict patient deterioration or complications, enabling nurses to intervene early and prevent
adverse events. 10

Overall, AI empowers nurses to provide higher-quality care, reduces their administrative

burden, enhances patient safety, and offers valuable tools for continuous learning and
improvement in the healthcare field. As AI continues to evolve, its integration into nursing
practice is expected to become increasingly vital for the delivery of efficient and effective
healthcare services.10

The integration of AI in healthcare is expected to continue to grow, as it has the potential to

revolutionize healthcare delivery, improve patient outcomes, and make healthcare more
accessible and cost-effective. Integrating AI into healthcare also is necessary for nurses which
allows them to acquire new skills, such as understanding and working with AI-driven tools and
technologies. So, Nursing students should recognize that their education should include training
on AI applications in healthcare to prepare them for the evolving healthcare landscape. 11

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

A descriptive study to assess the attitude regarding Artificial Intelligence among Nursing
students at Khalsa college of Nursing, Amritsar, Punjab.
AIMS OF THE STUDY

The aim of the study to assess the attitude regarding Artificial Intelligence among Nursing
students.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

[Link] assess the attitude regarding Artificial Intelligence among Nursing students at Khalsa
college of Nursing, Amritsar, Punjab.

2. To determine the association of Artificial Intelligence with socio-demographic variables.

OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS

Assess It refers to the process to check the attitude regarding artificial Intelligence of nursing
students by using tools .

Attitude: It refers to a feeling or opinion about something or someone, or a way of behaving by

nursing students regarding Artificial Intelligence.

Artificial Intelligence: Artificial intelligence is a field of science concerned with building

computers and machines that can reason, learn, and act in such a way that would normally
require human intelligence or that involves data whose scale exceeds what humans can analyze.

ASSUMPTIONS:

Nursing Students may have:

 some knowledge regarding Artificial Intelligence.

 Positive attitude regarding Artificial Intelligence

DELIMITATIONS

The study was limited to:

1. Nursing students of selected colleges of Punjab.

2. Sample size was 100.

[Link] period of time.

References
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deep learning in advanced robotics, a review. Cognitive Robotics.

[3] Alowais, S. A., Alghamdi, S. S., Alsuhebany, N., Alqahtani, T., Alshaya, A. I., Almohareb,
S. N., ... & Albekairy, A. M. (2023). Revolutionizing healthcare: the role of artificial intelligence
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[5] McGreevey, J. D., Hanson, C. W., & Koppel, R. (2020). Clinical, legal, and ethical aspects
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[6] Matheny, M. E., Whicher, D., & Thadaney Israni, S. (2020). Artificial intelligence in
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[7] McCall, B. (2020). COVID‐19 and artificial intelligence: Protecting health‐care workers and
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[8] Yamane T., (1967): Elementary sampling theory, statistics introductory analysis,2nd
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=ALeKk03YjfliTdfRDvCd_QhObyz

[9] Pongtriang, P., Rakhab, A., Bian, J., Guo, Y., & Maitree, K. (2023). Challenges in Adopting
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[10] Taryudi T, Lindayani L, Purnama H, Mutiar A. Nurses' View Towards the Use of Robotics
during Pandemic COVID-19 in Indonesia: A Qualitative Study. Open Access Maced J Med Sci.
2022;10:14–8
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