EXERCISE 1: LEXICAL WORDS

Identify the nouns (count or non-count), adjectives, adverbs, verbs (auxiliary, finite,
non-finite, linking, transitive, or intransitive) in the following sentences.
1. The tree service will remove the dead trees, and the garden will get more sun.
2. Scientists do not understand what triggers migration of birds, and they think that birds
might have built-in biological clocks.
3. We think violence occurs often in real life, and it occurs in so many television shows.
4. Terry Fox ran all the way across Canada, and he had only one leg.
5. I will not be able to afford my books, and I earn some money.
6. Professor Mills did not lecture on the Civil War, and he did not cover it on the test.
7. Behavioral psychologists help people change bad habits, and people often cannot
change on their own.
8. All the engineers studied the problem, and the building still fell down.
9. Baseball and football players walked off their teams on strike, and they were tired of
not being able to be free agents.
10. Hans will graduate with honors and then attend medical school.
EXERCISE 2: FUNCTIONAL WORDS
Identify the pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, and determiners in the following
sentences.
1. Although bloomers were named after Amelia Bloomer, she did not invent them.
2. Elizabeth Smith Miller designed them to have something modest to wear while
gardening.
3. At first, they consisted of a short dress worn over “Turkish trousers”, full pants
gathered at the ankles.
4. Suffragists, who liked the freedom of “pantalettes’, as they were called, led the trend
to wear them.
5. Finally, even Amelia Bloomer herself stopped wearing the “Bloomer costume”
because it diverted attention from more important women’s issues, which were her
main concern.
6. Each new generation of women starts a fashion trend.
7. You might ask, “Who has shocked the nation in recent years?”
8. Gussie Moran shocked officials but not herself by wearing lace-panty undergarments
at the staid Wimbledon tennis tournament.
9. “Those are pioneers of the women’s movement”, said one unnamed source.
10. A woman who wishes to be free must sometimes appear bold to everybody else.
EXERCISE 3: PHRASES
Analyze the underlined phrases in the following sentences
Example: My mother is a teacher.
NP/SC
1. Leaves falling, air smelling of crisp apple, and white clouds billowing against the sky,
no other season matches autumn.
2. The team having won all its games, Chicago celebrated as never before.

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 3. Even the stern history professor, his face smiling and eyes shining, dismissed us to join
the throng.
4. An unnecessary tragedy, an athlete’s neck injury, marred the final days of the winning
football season.
5. Successfully merchandising a product is creative.
6. Americans have always needed to know the point of it all.
7. Standing on the high place, she saw the whole scene.
8. I am writing with regard to your advertisement in the Sunday Times.
9. They have also been getting tougher by enforcing strict new anti-litter laws.
10. Taking criticism from others is painful but useful.
11. Merely to argue for the preservation of park land is not enough.
12. Giving up their landing cards, they stepped on the quay.
13. She bought a brown coat and a white T-shirt to match.
14. After giving birth, most women lapse into some sort of melancholy.
15. This method of growing plants without soil has long been known to scientists but has
only recently begun to attract amateurs’ attention.
16. His leaving the farm prompted her to seek a job in town.
17. Crawling through the thicket, I suddenly remembered the box of shells left on top of
the truck.
18. They worked fast, one man sawing logs and the other loading the truck.
19. Not wanting to appear in court, Marilyn decided to pay the fine.
20. All told, fame is fickle.
21. The court having invited us, we cancelled other plans.
22. Chatting with the construction workers is a good way of wasting time.
23. The man is in that house.
24. He standing before everyone talked very brave words.
25. This so-called music will drive me mad very quickly.
26. Studying until midnight leaves you too tired to work effectively on the following day.
27. Mrs. Brown had a small garden behind her house, and in spring she planted some
vegetable in it.
28. Tom and Susan expected to find a dirty seaport, covered in coal dust.
29. I am interested in learning a new skill, but nobody wants to train me.
30. At the present time, making money is his only concern.
31. The girl in the palace had dyed her hair deep purple.
32. Richard has promised me his spaghetti machine.
33. I would like my curry as hot as you can make it.
34. Your Kentucky Fried Chicken and chips have gone cold and greasy.
35. Elliot left most of his manuscripts to the museum.
36. Elliot left most of his manuscripts at the museum.
37. He spotted the wildcats quite accidentally.
38. Incidentally I have sold my vest to the museum for a small fortune.
39. Incredibly, she allowed him total freedom without a thought for the consequences.
40. What drinks are we serving to the visitors?

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EXERCISE 4: CLAUSES
Analyze the clauses in the following sentences.
Ex: Richard left dirty footmarks wherever he went.
ICl AvCl/M
1. They ran, she fell, and the dog barked.
2. Food manufacturers contend that modern processing often robs food of its natural
color.
3. What my son wants to wear is now almost entirely his business.
4. Grocers today must deal with shoppers whose basic attitudes are drastically changed.
5. Neither Sally can drive you home nor I can drive you home.
6. As I talked to my neighbors, I found that all of them did depend on a world that
stretched far beyond their property lines.
7. Whenever that man says “to tell the truth,” I suspect that he is about to tell a lie.
8. His belief that coffee grows in Brazil is right.
9. As it declines in value, money becomes more of an obsession.
10. If a pitcher who throws only a fastball and a curveball is in a tight situation, the batter
can reasonably expect the fastball.
11. She is so emotional that every little thing upsets her.
12. On my return, I found that the people that I had expected to see had moved away.
13. However hard he tries, he can never win her heart.
14. It is a pity that she is so narrow-minded.
15. The fact that the company is almost bankrupt is not generally known.
16. Waterloo, where Wellington defeated Napoleon, is a small village near Brussels.
17. I consider what you said a good advice.
18. This house, which has been empty for some time, has now been sold.
19. The Chief Education Officer explained that providing schools and technical colleges,
paying teachers and supporting the large numbers of students now at universities
would be too much for a small town.
20. Do you remember the picture which I took?
21. Wherever there is poverty, there they said of misery and hunger.
22. At present, computers are rapidly moving into offices around the world to take over
secretarial chores that involve processing words.
23. The language is what it is, and not what you want it to be.
24. Don’t handle those cups as if they were made of iron.
25. Knowledge began to increase as soon as the thought of one individual could be
communicated to another by means of speech.
EXERCISE 5: SENTENCES
Analyze the following sentences
Ex: He says that he likes coffee. => Complex sentence
He says: Main clause; that he likes coffee: subordinate noun clause
1. The teacher believes that the student knows the answers.
2. You mean that you know that I know.

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3. Listed below are groups of words that are only pieces of sentences, fragments of
thoughts.
4. As you make revisions, remember to capitalize the first word of each sentence and to
end the sentence with a period.
5. To write complete sentences with ease, learn the parts of a sentence that are explained
in this chapter.
6. The subject of the sentence is that part about which something is said.
7. The woman requested that the waiter bring water when she sat down.
8. He can with this knowledge prevent or combat destructive fires.
9. The beautiful girl sitting in the first row gave me her new address yesterday.
10. It is possible that fictions can do more harm than good for children.
11. Tom finds a computer very useful for his study and he has decided to find a part time
job to save money.
12. That the lecturer alleged that his students cheated disturbed the Dean.
13. That the lecturer alleged that his students cheated suggests that he investigated their
previous marks.
14. People become quite illogical when they try to decide what can be eaten and what
cannot be eaten.
15. Mary was very fond of television, so when she met a young man who worked for a
television company, she was very interested and asked him a lot of questions.
16. He promised a prize to anyone who could answer the question.
17. Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.
18. If he tells her that he wants something done, he knows that she will do it well.
19. Tom found the Lancashire people were different from those among whom he had
grown up in the South.
20. The groups of officials worked closely together to see that the sick, the blind, the dead
and all who needed medical care were looked after, that the town was clean, and
healthy and that disease was not allowed to spread.
EXERCISE 6: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES (SUBJECT/OBJECT)
Give the name and function of the underlined parts in the following sentences.
Ex: To live each day fully is my credo.
InfP/S
1. Some early literature in America was devoted to descriptions of life in the
colonies.
2. During the 1600s, religious writings formed the bulk of American writings.
3. Each wrote numerous religious tracts during the 1700s.
4. There is still great interest in the writings of Jonathan Edwards.
5. The speech was awarded first place by the judges.
6. High winds leveled a city in West Texas.
7. Mary baked Timothy a cake.
8. What pictures did they hang on the wall of the living-room?
9. The girl that he is talking to looks attractive in either the pink dress or the yellow.
10. She made whomever she met the same greeting.

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EXERCISE 7: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES (COMPLEMENTS)
Give the name and function of the underlined parts in the following sentences.
1. Jim doubts that he can pass the exam.
2. Paul is certain of winning the lottery.
3. Joining club is a good way of meeting new people.
4. Standing next to Ed made Jane taller than she is.
5. John wanted to become an engineer.
6. To be successful doesn’t mean to be wealthy.
7. She wants to know if anyone has an umbrella to lend her.
8. Without a doubt, dancing helps develop grace and confidence.
9. The assertion that women are poor drivers does not hold up under investigation.
10. We entertained a suspicion that Mink had been cheating.
11. The principle that water runs only downhill seems sometimes to be contradicted by our
senses.
12. Mrs. Hawkins is devoted to her daughter.
13. Juliet became forgetful of her duties.
14. We thought that Chico was a fine player.
15. We thought Chico to be a fine player.
16. The director found him a new costume.
17. My uncle remains the worst bridge player in town.
18. Your cigar smells so aromatic.
19. The government’s action to control interest rates has been very prompt.
20. I wasn’t happy at school until I found I had the ability to make people laugh.
EXERCISE 8: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES (MODIFIERS)
Identify the nominal modifiers in the following sentences
Ex: The weather this morning is very beautiful.
NP/M/Ajal
1. We watched the brown river, swollen with rain.
2. It was a large outdoor swing, the property of our neighbor.
3. The fireworks were a sight to behold.
4. The hoe leaning against the house is dull.
5. The mountaintop, high and craggy, was hidden in a black cloud.
6. The building which is near the library is new.
7. I’ll see you the day before you go.
8. The skiing last winter was good.
9. The students here are a courteous group.
10. This matter too must be discussed.
EXERCISE 9: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES (FORM, FUNCTION, POSITION)
Analyze the underlined parts in the following sentences
Ex: The boy laughing noisily is from Africa.
PrestpP/M/Ajal PP/M/Aval
1. He left the office encouraged by the interview.
2. He spent every evening drinking beer.

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 3. He came to see his brother in the prison every weekend.
4. She danced keeping her eyes closed.
5. You can do the problem either way.
6. Jim wants to become a physical therapist.
7. To become a physical therapist, one must have 5 years of college training
8. His ambition to become a physical therapist was strong.
9. That is a movie to see.
10. He is reluctant to leave the home.
11. The text chosen by the instructor was up to date.
12. On the river bank sat little Robert, covered with mud.
13. Sue objected to taking the test over.
14. The girl taking the test over was Sue.
15. Karl opened his book bag to look for his term paper.
16. The desire to finish his term paper in time forced Paul to try his best.
17. His desire was to finish his term paper early.
18. Jim’s work had much improved by that time.
19. She entered my room singing a gay tune.
20. Open your eyes when you hear the bell.
EXERCISE 10: POSITION CLASSES (NOMINAL)
The underlined word groups below are nominals. Identify their form and function.
1. Jerry knows that history is never completely true.
2. His greatest ambition is to win the match.
3. You made me what I am.
4. He assigned whoever was late an extra problem.
5. Do you object to what I wrote?
6. Petty gossiping makes one unpopular.
7. Under seventeen requires an accompanying parent.
8. Can you see from where you sit?
9. He did not give finding the cat a second thought.
10. She became what she had hoped.
11. Successfully merchadising a product is creative.
12. Americans have always needed to know the point of it all.
13. Taking criticism from others is painful but useful.
14. Merely to argue for the preservation of park land is not enough.
15. She bought a brown coat and a white T-shirt to match.
16. Chatting with the construction workers is a good way of wasting time.
17. The man is in that house.
18. His leaving the farm prompted her to seek a job in town.
19. Studying until midnight leaves you too tired to work effectively o the following day.
20. I am interested in learning a new skill, but nobody wants to train me.
21. At the present time, making money is his only concern.
22. Richard has promised me his spaghetti machine.
23. Elliot left most of his manuscripts to the museum.

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24. Incredibly, she allowed him total freedom without a thought for the consequences.
EXERCISE 11: POSITION CLASSES (ADJECTIVAL)
Underline the word-group adjectival and identify its form.
1. This will be a day to remember for ever.
2. The drugstore on the corner sells the Times.
3. Our guests came on the week when I was housecleaning.
4. A girl spoiled by her mother is not a good roommate.
5. Just choose a time convenient to yourself.
6. Who is the head of this club?
7. Have you finished the book I lent you?
8. Would you like something sweet?
9. Everybody interested is invited to appear.
10. An invitation was extended to everyone concerned.
EXERCISE 12: POSITION CLASSES (ADVERBIAL)
Identify the form of the italicized adverbials in the following sentences
1. I’ll dress while you shave. AvC__
2. When the coffee is ready, blow the wistle. ______
3. He might under the circumstances agree to the job. ______
4. Our guide split the log with ease. ______
5. Chewing his tobacco meditatively, he studied the sky ______
6. A hungry trout rose to the surface. ______
7. To find the camp, just follow the creek downstream. ______
8. Jake hunts to make a living. ______
9. He fell, wounded by an arrow. ______
10. You must hold the knife this way. ______
EXERCISE 13:
Analyze the following underlined parts by Form, Function, and Position
1. Having sprinkled the lawn, he turned off the water.
2. She remembered seeing the play before.
3. Do you like to be there?
4. We urged the guests to remain for dinner.
5. She was proud of being a member of the band.
6. He wanted the teacher to give him an A.
7. After having been cheerful for weeks, Chuck was now depressed.
8. Keeping quiet, she peered through the window.
9. Calling Josephine an artist was a compliment.
10. Jim’s father did not object to his becoming a Marine.
11. Last Monday was a holiday.
12. The Monday washing is on the line.
13. Mrs. Reed always jogs Mondays.
14. Won’t you come in ?
15. The outs were angry with the ins.
16. They stomped upstairs.

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17. They slept in the upstairs room.
18. One can see the airport from upstairs.
19. Jake was wrestling with his math.
20. The wrestling roommates were exhausted.
21. Juniper found wrestling exciting.
22. They came in wrestling.
23. The student movie is presented weekly.
24. The student movie is a weekly occurrence.
25. His way is the best.
26. He did this his way.
27. The mechanic ran the engine full speed.
28. By this means he burned out the carbon.
29. He raised the hood because the engine was hot.
30. They found the cabin just what they wanted.