1.To solve this problem, we can use the concept of combinations.
Since one course (English) is
mandatory to take, we need to choose the remaining 2 courses out of the 10 remaining courses.
The number of ways to choose 3 out of 11 courses is given by the combination formula: nCr = n!
/ [r! * (n-r)!]. In this case, n = 11 and r = 3. So, the number of ways to choose 3 courses out of 11
is 11! / [3! * (11-3)!] = 165 ways.
Now, since English is mandatory, we have 10 courses left to choose from. We need to choose 2
more courses from these 10 courses, which can be done in 10C2 = 10! / [2! * 8!] = 45 ways.
Therefore, the total number of ways to choose 3 courses out of 11 (including English) and then
choose 2 more courses from the remaining is 165 * 45 = 7425 ways.
2.The number of injective (one-to-one) functions from set A to set B can be calculated using the
formula nPr, where n is the cardinality of set B and r is the cardinality of set A. This is because
for each element in set A, we have n choices in set B to map it to, and we cannot repeat the
mapping.
The number of bijective (one-to-one and onto) functions from set A to set B can be calculated
using the formula n!, where n is the cardinality of set A and set B. This is because for each
element in set A, we have n choices in set B to map it to, and we cannot repeat the mapping.
For example, let's consider set A with cardinality 3 and set B with cardinality 4.
The number of injective functions from set A to set B is 4P3 = 4!/(4-3)! = 24.
The number of bijective functions from set A to set B is 3! = 6.
3.To find the coefficient of x in the expansion of (1 + x)^n, we can use the binomial theorem. The
coefficient is given by C(n, r), where n is the power of (1 + x) and r is the power of x.
For example, if we want to find the coefficient of x^3 in the expansion of (1 + x)^5, the
coefficient is C(5, 3) = 10.
4.Without any restrictions: To find the number of different sports committees possible without
any restrictions, we can use the combination formula.
The number of ways to choose a committee of 7 members out of 30 club members is given by:
C(30, 7) = 30! / (7! * (30 - 7)!) = 2035800
Therefore, there are 2,035,800 different sports committees possible without any restrictions.
With the treasurer in the committee: If it is mandatory to have the selected treasurer in the
sports committee, then we need to consider that the treasurer is already part of the committee.
We now need to choose the remaining 6 members out of the remaining 29 members.
The number of ways to choose the remaining 6 members out of 29 members is given by:
C(29, 6) = 29! / (6! *(29 - 6)!) = 203580
Therefore, there are 203,580 different sports committees possible with the treasurer being a
part of the committee.
In conclusion, there are 2,035,800 different sports committees possible without restrictions and
203,580 different sports committees when the treasurer is mandatory member of the
committee.
5. i. A bit string is a sequence of binary digits, where each digit can be either 0 or 1. It is a
fundamental concept in computer science and digital electronics, representing the most basic
unit of information storage and manipulation.
ii. Let's consider an example of a bit string with a length of 4 and a weight of 2. A bit string with
a weight of 2 means that it contains exactly 2 ones and the rest are zeros. One possible bit string
is "1100".
To find the number of bit strings possible for this example, we can use combinations. The
formula for combinations is given by:
C(n, k) = n! / (k! * (n-k)!)
In this case, we have 4 positions (n) and we want to choose 2 of them to be ones (k). Plugging
these values into the formula, we get:
C(4, 2) = 4! / (2! * (4-2)!) = 6
Therefore, there are 6 different bit strings possible with a length of 4 and a weight of 2.
iii. Let's choose the 3-digit number example as 123. A derangement is a permutation of the
elements of a set, such that no element appears in its original position. In other words, it is a
permutation with no fixed points.
To find the number of derangements that can be formed from a 3-digit number, we can use the
principle of derangements. The formula for the number of derangements of n elements is given
by:
D(n) = n! * (1 - 1/1! + 1/2! - 1/3! + ... + (-1)^n/n!)
For our example of a 3-digit number, we have:
D(3) = 3! * (1 - 1/1! + 1/2! - 1/3!) = 3 * (1 - 1 + 1/2 - 1/6) = 2
Therefore, there are 2 derangements that can be formed from the number 123.
iv. To create a 4-digit password for your Android phone:
a. If no digit repeats, we can use permutations to calculate the number of ways to crack the
password. The formula for permutations is given by:
P(n, k) = n! / (n-k)!
In this case, we have 10 digits (0-9) to choose from for each position, and we want to choose 4
positions. Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
P(10, 4) = 10! / (10-4)! = 10! / 6! = 10 * 9 * 8 * 7 = 5040
Therefore, there are 5040 ways to crack the password if no digit repeats.
b. If the digits can be repeated, we can use combinations to calculate the number of ways to
crack the password. The formula for combinations is given by:
C(n+k-1, k) = (n+k-1)! / (k! * (n-1)!)
In this case, we have 10 digits (0-9) to choose from for each position, and we want to choose 4
positions. Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
C(10+4-1, 4) = 13! / (4! * 9!) = 715
Therefore, there are 715 ways to crack the password if the digits can be repeated.
Reference
Studocu.com. (n.d), Assignment. Retrieved from
https://www.studocu.com/en-us/messages/question/2994083/answer-the-following-questions-
i-explain-bit-string-in-your-own-words-ii-give-an-example-of-a
