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File Handling in Python Notes

The document provides detailed notes on file handling in Python, covering file objects, built-in functions, methods, and attributes. It discusses standard files, command-line arguments, file system access, execution of files, and persistent storage modules like pickle and json. Key examples and functionalities are outlined to facilitate understanding of file operations in Python.

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177 views3 pages

File Handling in Python Notes

The document provides detailed notes on file handling in Python, covering file objects, built-in functions, methods, and attributes. It discusses standard files, command-line arguments, file system access, execution of files, and persistent storage modules like pickle and json. Key examples and functionalities are outlined to facilitate understanding of file operations in Python.

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File Handling in Python - Detailed Notes

1. File Objects

A file object is created using open(). It allows reading, writing or modifying files.

Example: f = open("example.txt", "r")

Modes include 'r', 'w', 'a', 'x', 'b', 't', 'r+' depending on the required operation.

2. File Built-in Functions

Important functions: open(), close(), input(), print().

These allow interaction with files, taking input and printing output.

3. File Built-in Methods

Common methods include:

- read(size), readline(), readlines()

- write(string), writelines(list)

- seek(offset), tell(), flush()

These help in reading/writing and controlling the file pointer.

4. File Built-in Attributes

File attributes include:

- file.name: file name

- file.mode: mode of opening

- file.closed: status of file (open or closed)

5. Standard Files
File Handling in Python - Detailed Notes

Python supports stdin, stdout, stderr via sys module.

stdin: standard input (e.g., keyboard)

stdout: standard output (e.g., screen)

stderr: standard error stream.

6. Command-line Arguments

Arguments passed during script execution are accessed using sys.argv.

Example: python script.py input.txt

Then sys.argv[1] will be 'input.txt'.

7. File System Access

Modules like os and shutil allow directory and file manipulation.

Examples:

- os.mkdir("folder"), os.remove("file.txt")

- os.rename(), os.getcwd(), os.listdir()

8. File Execution

Files can be executed using:

- python filename.py (command-line)

- exec(open("script.py").read()) (within code)

9. Persistent Storage Modules

Modules like pickle, json, shelve help store data permanently.

Example with pickle:

import pickle
File Handling in Python - Detailed Notes

with open("data.pkl", "wb") as f: pickle.dump(data, f)

with open("data.pkl", "rb") as f: data = pickle.load(f)

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