8/26/2019
3-Day Horizontal & Extended
Reach Drilling Industry Training
© K&M Technology Group 2018 Page 1
Introduction
• Welcome to K&M’s 3-Day Course
• Schedule
– 9:00 – 17:30
– Breaks every 60 mins (roughly)
• Please turn cell phones OFF or to vibrate
• This is an informal setting – please ask questions.
• Have a great time!
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Course Objectives
• Improve understanding of high angle drilling
• Gain confidence in an engineering approach to drilling
• Be able to explain why certain practices worked (or
didn’t work) on previous wells
• Be able to anticipate when (and why) different
techniques may be required on future wells
• Experience fewer problems on future wells!
© K&M Technology Group 2018 Page 3
Avoiding This…
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And This…
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Disaster Prevention
What causes most of the train wrecks?
• Mud?
• Iron?
“Only two things go into the wellbore: mud and iron
…and is very difficult to screw up iron”
• Lack of data?
• Or is it… People?
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Is anything not right?
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The People Problem…
Wytch Farm Dry Hole Train Wrecks
What happened here?
40,000 World record wells
≤25,000’ were being drilled relatively problem free
35,0002 / 13 wells experienced train wrecks before M11
5 / 6 wells experience train wrecks after M11
Red Denotes Train Wreck
Frequency = 8/20
30,000
Horizontal Displacement, feet
“Changing of the Guard”
25,000
New technical and operations staff.
Lessons learned were not transferred.
Sidetracked to alternate BHL
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
F 18 F 19 F 20 F 21 M1 M2 M3 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M 10 M 11 M 12 M 13 M 14 M 16 M 17 M 18
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Drilling Order
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The Mind of a Driller
• Drillers tend to be skeptical
• Drillers tend to be resistant to change
• Drillers rely heavily on previous experiences
• Drillers struggle with the idea of non-linear behavior
Example: Here is some data…
10
9
Can you guess the y-value for an
8
x-value of “8”?
5 6 7
Pressure
Y Roughly “9”?
What if this was a leakoff test?
4
3
Was our initial experience relevant?
2
1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Volume
X
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ERD: What it takes to go that far?
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What’s Different about ERD
• “What’s Different” About ERD or Horizontal Wells?
– Compared to vertical wells
– Compared to low angle directional wells
– Compared to “short” high angle wells
• When do things change?
– When does previous experience help?
– When does previous experience become a liability?
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Key Messages
This course is primarily about Prevention
• Correct Preventative action is not always intuitive
– Intuition is often wrong, especially in deviated wells
• This course is not intended to reinforce conventional wisdom
– In order to improve, things have to change…
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Key Messages
Most Problems are Self-Inflicted
• Planning mistakes
• Practices mistakes
• Decision-making mistakes
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Key Messages
Hole cleaning is often misunderstood
• We often don’t rotate fast enough
• We rarely circulate long enough
• Lots of misconceptions about sweeps, wiper trips, and mud
Tripping practices are paramount
…but we need to understand the fundamentals of hole cleaning first
• How we trip in a high-angle well is totally different than a vertical well
• Bad tripping practices are the kiss of death!
• Packoffs
• Wellbore instability (self-inflicted)
• Stuck pipe
• Lost BHA’s, loss of the hole, loss of the well
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Key Messages
Annular Pressure is a Big Deal
• ECD, Surge, and Swab fluctuations are large in these wells
• Well design can dramatically minimizes (or maximize) these effects
• How to interpret what is going on requires more than just a PWD tool
• Conventional wisdom regarding PWD interpretation is wrong
• Operational practices can minimize pressure cycles on the hole
“Listening to the Hole” requires some effort
• A little science clarifies what is happening below the rotary table
• When this is done properly, better decisions can be made in real-time
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