Lesson-4 – Class Notes, JUnit Basics and Testing in IntelliJ IDEA
When to use Iteration :
• If memory and performance are the priority
• Loops for mathematical operations (Factorial, Fibonacci, Prime Checking)
• Dynamic Programming(Will discuss in Algorithms)
When to use Recursion: (Will get knowledge in Algorithms course)
• Natural recursion structure exists.
• Tree Traversals (Binary Trees, Graph DFS)
• Divide & Conquer Algorithms (Merge Sort, Quick Sort, etc.,)
• Combinatorial Problems (Backtracking, N-Queens)
What is Unit Test, JUnit and why use Junit?
• A Unit test is a type of software test that focuses on verifying the correctness of a single unit
of code (such as a method or function) in isolation.
• JUnit is a widely used unit testing framework for Java that helps in writing and running
automated tests.
• Supports automated testing to detect issues early and reduce manual errors.
• Plays a key role in Test-Driven Development (TDD) by enabling tests to be written before
the actual implementation.
• Ensures code reliability, correctness, and maintainability by catching defects at the unit
level.
• Reduces debugging time by providing clear test reports on what works and what fails.
• Enhances team collaboration by ensuring consistent and reusable test cases for code
verification.
Important JUnit Annotations
Annotation Description
@Test Marks a method as a test case.
@BeforeEach Runs before each test case. Used for setup.
@AfterEach Runs after each test case. Used for cleanup.
@BeforeAll Runs once before all tests (static method).
@AfterAll Runs once after all tests (static method).
@Disabled Skips a test case temporarily.
Assertion Methods
Method Purpose
assertEquals(expected, actual) Checks if values are equal.
assertTrue(condition) Passes if the condition is true.
assertFalse(condition) Passes if the condition is false.
assertNotNull(object) Ensures the object is not null.
Writing a Simple JUnit Test
Example 1
Step 1: Create a Class MyClass.java
public class MyClass {
public static int fact(int num) {
if(num == 0 || num == 1)
return 1;
else
return num * fact(num - 1);
}
public static int Sum(int n) {
if (n == 1)
return 1;
else
return Sum(n-1) + n;
}
}
Step 2: Create a Test Class MyClassTest.java
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
public class MyClassTest {
@Test
public void test1(){
int act = MyClass.fact(3);
int exp = 6;
assertEquals(exp,act);
}
@Test
public void test2(){
int act = MyClass.Sum(4);
int exp = 10;
assertEquals(exp,act);
}
}
• Run the test: Right-click on the test class and select Run ‘MyClassTest.java’.
Using @BeforeEach and @AfterEach with Multiple Test Cases
Example 2
Step 1: Create a BankAccount Class
public class BankAccount {
private double balance;
public BankAccount(double initialBalance) {
this.balance = initialBalance;
}
public void deposit(double amount) {
balance += amount;
}
public void withdraw(double amount) {
if (amount <= balance) {
balance -= amount;
} else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Insufficient balance");
}
}
public double getBalance() {
return balance;
}
}
Step 2: Write JUnit 5 Test Class BankAccountTest.java
import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
public class BankAccountTest {
private BankAccount account;
@BeforeEach
void setUp() {
System.out.println("Setting up a new BankAccount with $100
balance.");
account = new BankAccount(100); // Initialize before each test
}
@AfterEach
void tearDown() {
System.out.println("Test completed. Cleaning up...");
}
@Test
void testDeposit() {
account.deposit(50);
assertEquals(150, account.getBalance(), "Balance should be 150 after
deposit of 50");
}
@Test
void testWithdraw() {
account.withdraw(40);
// Before executing this test-case balance changed to 100
assertEquals(60, account.getBalance(), "Balance should be 60 after
withdrawal of 40");
}
// Check this part after Lesson-12 Exception Handling
}
Running JUnit Tests in IntelliJ IDEA
• Right-click on the test class → Run 'BankAccountTest.java '.
