DEFITION
Water pollution is the release of substances into bodies of water that makes water unsafe for human use
and disrupts aquatic ecosystems.
THỰC TRẠNG Ở THẾ GIỚI
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 2.2 billion people worldwide do not have
access to clean water.
According to UNEP statistics in 2023, up to 60% of water sources in Asian, African and European rivers
are polluted. In addition, in Bangladesh, 15% of clean water meets standards for 1.2 million people.
Besides, about 8 million tons of plastic waste are dumped into the ocean every year.
Asia currently has the highest level of environmental pollution in the world. The level of toxic substances
in water in Asia is 3 times higher than in other regions of the world.
Thực trạng ở việt nam
According to the Ministry of Health, an average of 9,000 people die each year from using dirty water
sources, and 200,000 people get cancer.
Hanoi discharges more than 400,000 cubic meters of wastewater into the environment every day, but
only 10% of the wastewater is treated. The wastewater is discharged directly into large rivers, turning the
water black and turbid.
- EFFECTS
Deteriorating water quality is damaging the environment, health conditions and the global
economy. The president of the World Bank, David Malpass, warns of the economic impact:
"Deteriorating water quality is stalling economic growth and exacerbating poverty in many
countries".
Destruction of biodiversity. Water pollution depletes aquatic ecosystems and triggers
unbridled proliferation of phytoplankton in lakes — eutrophication —.
Contamination of the food chain. Fishing in polluted waters and the use of waste water
for livestock farming and agriculture can introduce toxins into foods which are harmful to
our health when eaten.
Lack of potable water. The UN says that billions of people around the world have no
access to clean water to drink or sanitation, particularly in rural areas.
Disease. The WHO estimates that about 2 billion people have no option but to drink
water contaminated by excrement, exposing them to diseases such as cholera, hepatitis A
and dysentery.
Infant mortality. According to the UN, diarrhoeal diseases linked to lack of hygiene
cause the death of about 1,000 children a day worldwide.
Water pollution in the EU
DẪN CHỨNG
Nutrient pollution costs more than EUR 75 billion a year
Only 37% of Europe's surface waters are in a healthy ecological state
69% of Europeans consider pollution to be the main threat linked to water
CAUSE
- It is sometimes caused by nature, such as when mercury filters from the Earth's
crust, polluting oceans, rivers, lakes, canals and reservoirs. However, the most
common cause of poor quality water is human activity and its consequences,
which we will now go on to explain (LỜI DẪN CỦA NG THUYẾT TRÌNH)
- Global warming
- Rising global temperatures caused by CO2 emissions heat the water, reducing its
oxygen content.
- Deforestation
- Felling forests can exhaust water resources and generate organic residue which
becomes a breeding ground for harmful bacteria.
- Industry, agriculture and livestock farming
- Chemical dumping from these sectors is one of the main causes of eutrophication
of water.
- Rubbish and faecal water dumping
- The UN says that more than 80% of the world's sewage finds its way into seas and
rivers untreated.
- Maritime traffic
- Much of the plastic pollution in the ocean comes from fishing boats, tankers and
cargo shipping.
- Fuel spillages
- The transportation and storage of oil and its derivatives is subject to leakage that
pollutes our water resources.
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- Solutions
- 1. Wastewater Treatment: Implementing advanced treatment technologies can
purify wastewater before it is released into water bodies, ensuring harmful
chemicals and toxins are removed.
-
- 2. Reducing Plastic Usage: Limiting plastic production and increasing recycling
efforts can prevent plastic waste from entering rivers, lakes, and oceans, which
harms aquatic life.
-
- 3. Strict Regulations: Governments should enforce stricter laws on industrial
waste disposal and agricultural runoff to minimize the pollution of water sources.
-
- 4. Public Awareness: Educating the public about the importance of water
conservation and proper waste disposal can encourage responsible behaviors and
reduce contamination.
-
- 5. Eco-friendly Farming:
- Promoting sustainable agricultural practices, such as reducing the use of harmful
pesticides and fertilizers, can prevent chemicals from leaching into water systems.
- Conclusion:
- Water pollution is a critical global issue that impacts health, ecosystems, and
economies. Addressing it requires combined efforts from governments, industries,
and individuals to reduce waste, regulate pollution sources, and promote
sustainable practices. By taking action now, we can protect water resources for
future generations and ensure the health of our planet's ecosystems.
