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Thermochemistry Concept Map Overview

The document outlines key concepts in thermodynamics, including thermochemistry, energy types and units, systems and surroundings, energy transfer, internal energy, state functions, and enthalpy. It also covers calorimetry, Hess's Law, standard enthalpy of formation, fuel value, and the environmental and social implications of energy provision. Each sub-concept is defined and explained, highlighting their relationships and importance in understanding thermodynamics.

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Mokchrew Mors
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25 views4 pages

Thermochemistry Concept Map Overview

The document outlines key concepts in thermodynamics, including thermochemistry, energy types and units, systems and surroundings, energy transfer, internal energy, state functions, and enthalpy. It also covers calorimetry, Hess's Law, standard enthalpy of formation, fuel value, and the environmental and social implications of energy provision. Each sub-concept is defined and explained, highlighting their relationships and importance in understanding thermodynamics.

Uploaded by

Mokchrew Mors
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Concept Map Layout

Thermodynamics

o Thermochemistry (sub-concept)

 Focuses on energy transformations, especially heat, during


chemical reactions.

o Energy (sub-concept)

 Types of Energy:

 Kinetic Energy: Energy due to motion. E k

 Potential Energy: Energy due to position.

 Chemical Potential Energy


 Electrostatic Potential Energy

 Units of Energy:

 Joule (J): SI unit of energy.

 Calorie (cal): Energy needed to raise 1 g of water by 1 °C.

o Systems and Surroundings (sub-concept)

 Surroundings: Everything outside the system.

 System: Specific amount of matter being studied.

 Types of Systems:
 Open System: Exchanges energy and matter with
surroundings.
 Closed System: Exchanges energy, but not matter,
with surroundings.
 Isolated System: Does not exchanges energy and
matter with surroundings.
o Energy Transfer (sub-concept)

 Work (W): Energy expended to move an object against a force.

 Heat (Q): Energy transferred from a hotter object to a colder one.

 Energy = capacity to do work or transfer heat.

o Internal Energy ( E ) (sub-concept)

 Sum of all kinetic and potential energies in the system.

 Can change due to energy transfer:

∆ E=q +w

o State Functions (sub-concept)

 Properties of State Functions: Depend only on the current state


of the system, not on the path taken.

 Internal Energy (E)

 Enthalpy (H): State function defined as H=E + PV

o Enthalpy (H) (sub-concept)

 Related to energy changes at constant pressure.

 Change in enthalpy: ∆ H =q p (at constant pressure).

 Pressure-Volume Work or (P−V work)

 Enthalpy of Reaction: ∆ H =H products −H reactants

 Rules for Enthalpy:

1. Proportional to the amount of reactant.


2. Sign changes when reaction is reversed.
3. Depends on physical states of reactants/products.

o Calorimetry (sub-concept)
 Measures heat transferred in a process.

 Heat Capacity: Amount of heat required to raise the temperature


by 1 K.

 Specific Heat (C s): Heat capacity per gram of substance.

 Molar Heat Capacity: Heat capacity per mole of substance.

 Calorimeter: Device for measuring heat transfer.

 Bomb Calorimeter: Used for constant-volume calorimetry.

 Coffee-cup Calorimeter: Used for constant-pressure


calorimetry.

o Hess's Law (sub-concept)

 Enthalpy change of a reaction is the same whether carried out in


one step or multiple steps.

 ∆ H of overall reaction=∑ of ∆ H for steps

o Standard Enthalpy of Formation (∆ H ḟ ) (sub-concept)

 Enthalpy change for formation of one mole from elements in


standard states.

 Calculated from standard enthalpies of formation of


reactants/products.

o Fuel Value (sub-concept)

 Heat released when one gram of a substance is combusted.

 Common fuels: Hydrocarbons (natural gas, petroleum, coal).

 Renewable energy sources: Solar, wind, biomass, hydroelectric,


and geothermal.

o Environmental and Social Implications (sub-concept)


 Challenges in providing energy relate to food supply and
environmental concerns.

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