UNIT-4

ANEKA
CLOUD APPLICATION PLATFORM FRAMEWORK:
Introduction:

Cloud computing has revolutionized the way we approach software

development and deployment. In this era of scalable and dynamic computing,
frameworks play a pivotal role in optimizing resources and enhancing
efficiency. One such framework that stands out in the realm of cloud computing
is Aneka. In this blog, we will delve into the framework’s overview, exploring its
key features, and unravel the intricacies of the Aneka container.

Understanding Aneka:

Aneka, developed by Manjrasoft, is a powerful and flexible cloud computing

framework designed to streamline the development and deployment of
applications in distributed and heterogeneous computing environments. It acts
as a middleware layer, bridging the gap between application logic and the
underlying infrastructure.

Key Features of Aneka:

Resource Management: Aneka provides robust resource management

capabilities, allowing users to efficiently allocate and utilize computing
resources. This includes the dynamic provisioning of virtual machines, making
it easier to scale applications based on demand.

Task Scheduling: The framework excels in task scheduling, optimizing the

allocation of computational tasks to available resources. This ensures optimal
performance and resource utilization, crucial for applications with varying
workloads.

Programming Model: Aneka supports a variety of programming models,

including task parallelism and data parallelism. This flexibility enables
developers to choose the most suitable model for their applications, fostering
adaptability and ease of development.

Multi-Tenancy: Aneka is designed to support multi-tenancy, allowing multiple

users or applications to coexist on the same infrastructure without interference.
This is particularly advantageous in cloud environments where resource sharing
is common.

Elasticity: The framework embraces elasticity, enabling automatic scaling of

resources based on application demand. This dynamic scaling ensures that
applications can handle varying workloads efficiently, optimizing resource
usage and cost-effectiveness.

Anatomy of the Aneka Container:

At the core of Aneka’s architecture lies the Aneka container, a fundamental

component that encapsulates and manages the execution of tasks. Let’s
dissect the anatomy of the Aneka container:

Task Manager: The Task Manager is responsible for overseeing the execution of
tasks within the container. It handles task submission, monitors their progress,
and ensures their successful completion.

Communication Layer: A crucial aspect of the Aneka container is its

communication layer, facilitating efficient communication between different
components. This layer ensures seamless coordination among tasks and
resource managers.

Resource Manager: The Resource Manager plays a pivotal role in resource

allocation within the container. It dynamically manages virtual machines,
allocating and deallocating resources based on application requirements.

Security Module: Security is a paramount concern in cloud computing. Aneka’s

container includes a robust security module that ensures secure
communication and data integrity, safeguarding applications from potential
threats.

Monitoring and Logging: To enable effective debugging and performance

analysis, the Aneka container incorporates monitoring and logging
functionalities. This allows users to track resource usage, identify bottlenecks,
and optimize application performance.

ANEKA SERVICES:
Aneka includes an extensible set of APIs associated with programming
models like MapReduce.
These APIs support different cloud models like a private, public, hybrid
Cloud.
Manjrasoft focuses on creating innovative software technologies to
simplify the development and deployment of private or public cloud
applications. Our product plays the role of an application platform as a
service for multiple cloud computing.
Multiple Structures:
Aneka is a software platform for developing cloud computing
applications.
In Aneka, cloud applications are executed.
Aneka is a pure PaaS solution for cloud computing.
Aneka is a cloud middleware product.
Manya can be deployed over a network of computers, a multicore
server, a data center, a virtual cloud infrastructure, or a
combination thereof.

Multiple containers can be classified into three major categories:

Textile services
Foundation Services
Application Services
1. Textile Services:
Fabric Services defines the lowest level of the software stack that
represents multiple containers. They provide access to resource-
provisioning subsystems and monitoring features implemented in
many.
2. Foundation Services:
Fabric Services are the core services of Manya Cloud and define the
infrastructure management features of the system. Foundation
services are concerned with the logical management of a
distributed system built on top of the infrastructure and provide
ancillary services for delivering applications.
3. Application Services:
Application services manage the execution of applications and
constitute a layer that varies according to the specific programming
model used to develop distributed applications on top of Aneka.
Architecture of Aneka

Aneka is a platform and framework for developing distributed applications on

the Cloud. It uses desktop PCs on-demand and CPU cycles in addition to a
heterogeneous network of servers or datacenters. Aneka provides a rich set of
APIs for developers to transparently exploit such resources and express the
business logic of applications using preferred programming abstractions.
System administrators can leverage a collection of tools to monitor and control
the deployed infrastructure. It can be a public cloud available to anyone via the
Internet or a private cloud formed by nodes with restricted access.
A multiplex-based computing cloud is a collection of physical and virtualized
resources connected via a network, either the Internet or a private intranet.
Each resource hosts an instance of multiple containers that represent the
runtime environment where distributed applications are executed. The
container provides the basic management features of a single node and takes
advantage of all the other functions of its hosting services.
Services are divided into clothing, foundation, and execution services.
Foundation services identify the core system of Anka middleware, which
provides a set of infrastructure features to enable Anka containers to perform
specific and specific tasks. Fabric services interact directly with nodes through
the Platform Abstraction Layer (PAL) and perform hardware profiling and
dynamic resource provisioning. Execution services deal directly with scheduling
and executing applications in the Cloud.
One of the key features of Aneka is its ability to provide a variety of ways to
express distributed applications by offering different programming models;
Execution services are mostly concerned with providing middleware with the
implementation of these models. Additional services such as persistence and
security are inverse to the whole stack of services hosted by the container.
At the application level, a set of different components and tools are provided to
Simplify the development of applications (SDKs),
Port existing applications to the Cloud, and
Monitor and manage multiple clouds.
An Aneka-based cloud is formed by interconnected resources that are
dynamically modified according to user needs using resource virtualization or
additional CPU cycles for desktop machines. A common deployment of Aneka is
presented on the side. If the deployment identifies a private cloud, all
resources are in-house, for example, within the enterprise.
This deployment is enhanced by connecting publicly available on-demand
resources or by interacting with several other public clouds that provide
computing resources connected over the Internet.
Aneka is an infrastructural application for Cloud Computing that is specifically
designed for supporting purposes. It helps in the use of varied computer resources and
the organization of the resources into a single virtual space called the Aneka Cloud,
where applications are run. Aneka is a Cloud middleware product that could be
implemented on a Computer network, a multicore server, Data centres, Virtual cloud
environments what we now call Cloud infrastructures, or a combination of any of
these. This system entails middleware for practice and provisioning dispersed
applications and programs and a set of moldable APIs for designing them.
What Is Aneka in Cloud Computing
Aneka is an agent-based software product that provides the support necessary for the
development and deployment of distributed applications in the cloud. In particular, it
enables to beneficial utilize numerous cloud resources by offering the logical means
for the unification of different computational programming interfaces and tools. By
using Aneka, consumers are in a position to run applications on a cloud structure of
their making; and efficiency and effectiveness are not being compromised. The
provided platform is universal and can be used in computations and data processing,
both for calculations with a large number of tasks and complex working schemes.
Classification of Aneka Services in Cloud Computing
1. Fabric Services
The Fabric services in Aneka represent the basic part of the infrastructural framework
through which the resources of the cloud environment can be managed and
automated. They implement as they involve the physical or low level of resource
provision and allocation and also virtualization. Here are some key components:
Resource Provisioning: Fabric services are to provide computational assets such as
virtual machines, containers, or otherwise deploying bare metal hardware.
Resource Virtualization: These services conceal the lower-level physical resources
present there and offer a virtual instance for running the applications. From the
 above, they are also responsible for identifying, distributing, and isolating resources
to optimize them.
Networking: Fabric services are fairly involved with the connectivity of the network
as it is in the context of virtual networking and routing thereby facilitating
interactions between various parts of the cloud.
Storage Management: They manage storage assets within a system, specifically
creating and managing storage volumes, managing file systems as well as
performing data replication for failover.
2. Foundation Services
As you move up in the stack, foundation services rely on the fabric layer and provide
further enhancement for the development of applications in the distributed
environment. The following are the benefits of microservices: They provide basic
foundations that are necessary for constructing applications that are portable and
elastic. Key components include:
Task Execution: Foundation services are responsible for coordinating the work and
processes in the systems of a distributed environment. These include the capability
of managing the tasks’ schedule, distributing the workload, and using fault
tolerance measures that guarantee efficient execution of tasks.
Data Management: These provide the main function of data storage and retrieval
as we see in distributed applications. The need to be able to support distributed file
systems, databases, or requests and data caching mechanisms is also present.
Security and Authentication: Foundation services include the security of data-
bearing services implemented by authentication, authorization, and encryption
standards to comply with the required level of security.
Monitoring and Logging: They allow us to track the application usage and its
behaviour in real-time mode as well as track all the events and the measures of
activity for the usage in the analysis of the incident.
3. Application Services
Subservices in Aneka are many but they are more generalized services built on top of
the core infrastructure to support specialized needs of different types of applications.
It is worth mentioning that they represent typical application templates or scenarios
that can help to promote application assembly. Key components include:
Middleware Services: Application services can involve various distributed
applications fundamental components like messaging services, event processing
services or a service orchestration framework in case of complex application
integration.
Data Analytics and Machine Learning: Certain application services are dedicated to
delivering toolkits and platforms for analyzing the data, training as well as
deploying machine learning models and performing predictive analysis.
 Content Delivery and Streaming: These services focus on the efficient transport of
multimedia content, streaming information, or real-time communications for video
streaming services or online gaming, for instance.
IoT Integration: Apiproducts can provide support for IoT devices and, in essence,
for IoT protocols, for data collection, processing, and analysis of sensor data from
distributed IoT networks.

Aneka Framework Architecture

1. Core Components
Aneka Container: Integral to the Aneka architecture is the Aneka container that
forms the core of the environment and is responsible for the management of jobs
and tasks across the distributed infrastructure. The middleware hides the
fundamental infrastructure and offers a standard API to host applications.
Resource Manager: The resource manager component is another pivotal
component that becomes involved in the provisioning and management of the
available computational resources in the cloud environment. In turn, it implies deep
interactions with the substrate to make decisions on resource provisioning
depending on the applications’ loads and profiles.
Task Scheduler: The task scheduler component is responsible for managing and
scheduling the tasks with the resources available, the dependency they have, and
even the performance of the resources and the tasks set. It means to optimize
resource application and minimize time as well as cost of the job completion.
2. Middleware Services
Communication Middleware: Aneka has middleware components that are used
to enable generic interaction and data exchange to various functionalities of the
application. This can be as simple as message queuing systems, RPC frameworks or
as complex as publish-subscribe mechanisms.
Data Management Middleware: Middleware services for data management are
services that provide control over the storage, access, and modification of data in
applications. They may include distributed file systems, servers, databases, or data
caching systems.
3. Application Services
Workflow Orchestration: Aneka supports workload orchestration paradigms that
comprise the management of many tasks and/or services to address complex
business processes. These frameworks deal with the issue of the dependencies of
the tasks, and concurrent processes as well as the issues of handling errors.
Data Analytics and Processing: Aneka offers functionalities and classes
relevant to data analysis, artificial intelligence, and big data computation within an
 application. This encompasses data streaming, batch, and real-time to support the
mining of massive data sets.
4. Management and Monitoring
Management Console: An administration console interface in the form of a
graphical user interface (GUI) or a comprehensive command-line interface (CLI)
enables the administrators and users to control and observe the condition of the
Aneka framework and the running applications. Resource management, including
tools for budgeting and procurement, job tracking, as well as performance
measures are also offered.
Logging and Monitoring: A similar statement can be made about Aneka with its
logging and monitoring engine to assist in capturing and monitoring the
performance, utilization and health state of distributed applications. This involves
more logging-related events, metrics gathering to make predictions and sending out
alerts for preventive measures.
5. Integration Interfaces
APIs and SDKs: Aneka offers application programming interfaces (APIs) and
software development kits (SDKs) that can enable developers to embed this
framework together with developing new applications. These interfaces declare
operations related to the submission of tasks, management of resources, and the
tracking of jobs.
Integration with Cloud Platforms: Aneka can connect with existing and leading
cloud approaches and architectures, making it possible to host applications on
public, private or even hybrid cloud structures. This also encompasses additions to
the visibility of cloud APIs, virtualization solutions, and services based on
containers.

Components of the Aneka Framework

1. Aneka Runtime Environment
The Aneka Runtime Environment is the component within the Aneka computing
system that supports the execution of distributed applications. It has a container net –
the Aneka container that is responsible for the scheduling of computational tasks and
distribution of jobs over the extended topology. Key features include:
Task Execution Management: The Aneka container is responsible for the
management of specific tasks, it decides how the tasks are to be a resource and
then manages their execution, their progress and any issue or failure that occurs in
the process.
Resource Abstraction: It hides the backend computing resources, these may be
physical hosts, virtual hosts or containers and presents a common execution model
for applications.
 Scalability and Fault Tolerance: The main features of the runtime environment
include the ability to scale anticipating the levels of workload along with the means
of handling faults so that distributed applications can run effectively.
2. Aneka Development Toolkit
The Aneka Development Toolkit is made up of tools, a library, and an Application
Programming Interface that can be used by developers in creating distributed
applications on Aneka. It includes:
Task Submission APIs: Interface for enlisting tasks and jobs to be run in an Aneka
runtime environment, as well as defining characteristics of job execution.
Resource Management APIs: The following includes the APIs for guaranteed access
and usage of compute resources allotted to the application and may also involve
the APIs for applications to be informed of available compute resources to use and
when to release them for other uses.
Development Libraries: Software libraries for data handling, interaction with other
processes and services, and defining workloads in distributed environments.
3. Aneka Marketplace
It can commonly be described as a place for users to search for already existing
components, applications and/or services to use with Aneka, indeed it is more
accurately described as an online directory or a catalogue if you will of ready-made. It
provides:
Component Repository: A set of tools that may include individual tasks or a set of
tasks that can be reused as templates; algorithms, or middleware services acquired
from the community or third-party developers or created during previous projects.
Application Templates: A readiness-made application designs or frameworks for
deployment of distributed applications where the user has several categories of
applications ready and can install any application according to the model.
Service Integration: Subscription to other software or application services, whereby
users can employ other modules and utilities in their Aneka applications.
4. Aneka Cloud Management Console
The Aneka Cloud Management Console is a GUI that offers an interactive web-based
interface for administrators and users to manage the Aneka framework in addition to
the applications that are deployed. It offers:
Resource Management: Tools to acquire, control and oversee virtual and physical
resources of computing in the cloud such as virtual machines, stations, containers,
and storage.
Job Monitoring: Employing performance and resource metrics collected during the
runtime to track jobs, resources and application performance, with visualizations
that incorporate insights into the problem-solving and improvement processes.
 User Management: Design of tools and services that will help to implement and
manage user accounts, their privileges and security policies for the Aneka
environment.
5. Aneka Cloud Connectors
Aneka Cloud Connectors are software components or agents or simply interface
Extensions that allow it to interconnect to other clouds and cloud providers. They
provide:
Cloud API Integration: API support for interfacing with the specific cloud APIs and
services provided by known cloud computing vendors such as AWS, Azure, or
Google Cloud.
Virtualization Technologies: Some of the future features include compatibility with
VMware, Microsoft Hyper-V, Docker, etc., and the ability to deploy Aneka
applications in virtual environments.
6. Aneka Software Development Kit (SDK)
Its other functionalities include access to detailed documentation and samples that will
enable the experienced programmer to satisfy their specific needs regarding the
Aneka framework in the form of components, applications or services. It includes:
API Documentation: The detailed manual of the Aneka APIs: how to use basic
and advanced methods, how some of them work, and recommendations for Aneka
application development.
Development Tools: Components of an IDE for building Aneka applications, which
include code editing tools, debuggers, and unit test tools that can be used as plug-
ins in the supported IDEs – Eclipse or Visual Studio.
Sample Applications: Examples of code stubs and initial Aneka applications
illustrating some key aspects of GDI application implementation: Task submission,
resource management, and data processing.

Advantages of Aneka in Cloud Computing

Scalability: Aneka is self-sufficient in the dynamism of resource provisions and
allocations; hence applications can scale to as far as the required workload as
envisaged. It looks efficiently at the resource and allows for horizontal scaling to
make sure the cloud platforms are being used to their full benefit.
Flexibility: Aneka supports various programming paradigms and orientations
allowing software developers to execute a broad range of different types of
distributed applications as per their needs. It organizes the architectural design and
the deployment of an application while enabling it to be used in a variety of
contexts and under various architectures of the application.
Cost Efficiency: Aneka has the potential to minimize the overall cost of
infrastructure as it increases resource utilization and allows for the predictable
 scaling of such infrastructures in contexts that entail the deployment of clouds. This
is because it extends the notion of usage allowance to a broader sense where
customers only are billed according to the number of resources they use, hence
avoiding careless usage of some resources while other important resources lag,
thus good cost-performance ratios are achieved.
Ease of Development: The focussed aspects of Aneka are to ease the creation of
distributed applications and to offer high-level framework, tools and libraries. It has
APIs provided for task submission, resource management and data processing,
which ensures that the application is built with increased efficiency in a shorter
time.
Portability: Currently, Aneka applications are independent of the specific cloud
platform and infrastructure software. It works on public, private or hybrid cloud
environments without requiring additional modifications and thus provides
contractual freedom.
Reliability and Fault Tolerance: Aneka consists of several components, for
graceful failure and resiliency of jobs which will enable the implementation of
securely developing and running distributed applications. It also tracks applications
and provides failover in case of application failures at the level of the cluster.
Integration Capabilities: Aneka can easily work in conjunction with current and
active cloud solutions, virtualization solutions, and containerization technologies. It
comes with integrations for different clouds and lets you work with third-party
services and APIs, which is useful for functioning in conjunction with existing
systems and tools.
Performance Optimization: Aneka improves the utilization of resources
schedules missions’ tasks and efficiently processes data. It utilizes parallelism,
distribution, and caching techniques to optimize the rate at which an application
runs and its response time.
Monitoring and Management: The features of Aneka include, monitoring and
management tools for assessing the performance of the applications that are
hosted in it, consumption rates of the resources as well as the general health of the
system. It offers a dashboard, logging as well as analyses to support proactive
monitoring and diagnosing.

Disadvantages of Aneka in Cloud Computing

Learning Curve: There is the possibility that Aneka would take some time to
understand for the new developers in distributed computing or those who are not
aware of the programming models and abstractions used as part of the system. The
concepts in Aneka can take some time to understand and get acquainted with, so
there are more things to do here.
Complexity: Dealing with complexity while constructing and administering
distributed applications based on Aneka might occur if the application scale reaches
considerable sizes or encompasses sophisticated structural designs. Due to the
distributed computing environment utilized by Aneka, developers who wish to
maximize the platform should know distributed computing concepts and patterns.
Integration Challenges: Some of the complexities involved may include; Aneka
may be challenging to integrate with other structures, applications, or services.
Limitations could emerge in the form of compatibility concerns when integrating
Aneka with this dynamic environment or platforms as well and the different
configurations can create complex concerns with APIs disparately.
Resource Overhead: While Aneka’s runtime environment and middleware
components can be beneficial for the management and delivery of computational
resources, they may also cause additional overhead in the required memory,
computational or network capabilities. This overhead could potentially slow down
application performance or even raise the amount of resources required for
execution, especially in contexts where resources are limited.
Vendor Lock-in: Aneka, on the other hand, has the advantage of portability
across various cloud platforms and services but it should be noted that some
constraints or qualities may lock one into a certain platform. The difficulty is that
some users may even face problems simply when trying to move existing Aneka
applications to a different cloud provider, or when trying new technologies or
platforms.
Limited Ecosystem: Compared to other more mature cloud platforms or
frameworks, Aneka can be considered to have limited amounts of resources
available in tools, libraries as well as communities. This might limit the kind or level
of resources, documentation or even professional support required by users who
require help or need to expand the range of possibilities offered by Aneka.
Maintenance Overhead: Like a typical software system, the management and
support of an Aneka deployment may continue to need resources and time.
Maintenance activities including updates, securing of software vulnerabilities, as
well as fine-tuning could prove to be overburdensome to administrators and DevOps
groups.
Performance Bottlenecks: At some moments, resource utilization, scheduling, or
communication strategies of Aneka may become an issue and slow down the
application. Application performance as well as its scalability might be vital and
should sometimes be tuned and profiled.
Cost Considerations: While Aneka can aid in solving the problem of excessive
consumption of resources and lower costs of infrastructure, there may also be
license expenses that may be incurred or monthly subscription fees. Managers
should consider if the total cost of ownership is justified or if there are more suitable
solutions we can use instead.