Real World Experience of Color

Vision Deficiency Subjects: A

Questionnaire Based Survey

B OPTOMETRY

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: KUMAR ADITYA

8TH SEMESTER ENROLLMENT NO:AJU/210862
GUIDE: MR ANUP KUMAR SAH
HOD DEPARTMENT OF OPTOMETRY, TRILOCHAN NETRALAYA
CO-GUIDE:MR JITENDRA KUMAR SAHOO
PRINCIPAL, TRILOCHAN NETRALAYA, DEPARTMENT OF OPTOMETRY
 Introduction
Colour vision deficiency is ability to distinguished between different shades of colour
It is an important aspect of visual aspect of visual acuity in day to day activities.
It is broadly divided into two parts: Inherited and Acquired [1]
Generally, colors are seen due to 3 cone cells which are present at macular area. Red,
Green, and Blue cone cells are responsible for color
Inherited color vision deficiency affects as many as 8% of males and 0.5% of female [2]
The difference in prevalence reflects the fact that the commonest forms of congenital
color vision deficiency are inherited
Color vision deficiency is mostly inherited having X- linked recessive inheritance [3]

X CHROME LENSES[1,3]

• X-Chrome lens is a corneal contact lens which corrects color deficiency when applied
to one eye only
• X-Chrome lens is a broad band filter in the form of a contact lens that is worn in one
eye and used in a binocular viewing situation.
• It mainly works on congenital protan and deuteran deficiency

REVIEW OF LITRATURE
 S.NO AUTHOR TITLE OF METHODO RESULT CONCLUSIO
NAME/YEAR OF STUDY LOGY N
PUBLICATION/JOUR
NAL NAME

1 Partha Haradhan Functional A pilot, cross no If X chrome

Chowdhury* M.Optom, Vision with sectional significant color contact
Brinda Haren Shah– X Chrome study was change in lenses are
B.Optom Lenses performed in contrast implemented
the tertiary sensitivity during child’s
eye center with x learning period,
during the chrome it will eliminate
period of 1 cl ,there is many of the
year. no change academic
Functional observes in challenges that
vision like steropsis,te are faced with
Visual st shows color coded
Acuity, reduction learning and
Contrast in color teaching
Sensitivity, dificiency materials and
Stereopsis but not improve their
and color complete quality for
vision of 10 elimination many
existing x of recreational
chrome soft deficiency activities.
contact lenses
users were
analyzed with
and without
lenses

S. AUTHOR TITLE METHODOL RESULT CONCLUSION

 N NAME/YEAR OF OF OGY
O PUBLICATION/JOU STUDY
RNAL NAME

2 Yalniz-Akkaya Z, Burcu Discrimi 30 cn and 30 Through red red filter was very
A, Acar MA, Üney GÖ, nation of cvd subject filters all of effective in improving
Ornek F. 2014;17 Ishihara were enrolled the color the Ishihara scores in all
test in the study,all vision group
plates are defec-
through a male ,Ishihara tive subjects
red filter test was were able to
performed read the
binocularly,pas plates with
sing criteria is zero error
to read and the
vanishing plate performanc
,age group is e of color
18-60 years normal
subjects
also
increased
significantly
In both
groups, all
the subjects
were able to
read all the
plates
without
errors

S.N AUTHOR NAME/YEAR TITLE OF METHODOLOG RESUL CONCLUSIO

O OF STUDY Y T N
PUBLICATION/JOURN
AL NAME
3 Oli A, Joshi D,2019 Jan 12, Efficacy of Thirty subjects After the study shows
Med J Armed Forces India. red contact with a known color use of that red lens
lens in vision defect were red CL reduced error
improving enrolled after 27 out of scores and
color consent. The color 30 subjects could
vision test vision was subject pass the color
performanc assessed using could vision tests.
e based on Ishihara test, The read Notwithstandin
Ishihara error scores were passing g the
recorded. The test plates improvement in
was repeated after for performance on
using a red contact CP3 ,the color vision
lens. remanin tests, lens is not
g3 recommended
subject for personnel
showed on active
no combat duty.
change The recruiting
in CP medical officer
categary. needs to be
aware of the
fact that a
subject with
defective color
vision can pass
various tests
with a red
contact lens
S.N AUTHOR NAME/YEAR TITLE OF METHODOLOG RESULT CONCLUSIO
O OF STUDY Y N
PUBLICATION/JOURN
AL NAME

4 Sodhi DP, Saraf S, Kishore Are X- The colour vision With use of x The red and
J. 2017. . Adv. Res. Med. chrome responses were chrome lense it orange lenses
Sci. Technol. lenses an assessed at was seen that absorb shorter
occupation baseline and after 16%,40%,76%,20 wavelengths of
al succor wearing X-Chrom % showed an light ,Thus it
for the lenses on improvement with give the better
colour Ishihara’s plates, green,orange,red result
vision of 51 defective and yellow lense
defectives males in
the age range of
13-41 years in a
non-randomized
intervention study.
The sub were
given trail X
chrome lenses of
red,green,orange,
Yellow type to
wear
 AIM
To subjectively access the real world experience of Color Vision Deficiency Subjects by
introducing X-chrome

OBJECTIVE
• To measure the qualitative improvement in daily living activities after use of X-chrome
 METHODOLOGY
• Permission and consent form were collected from concerned person
•
Baseline evaluation was done to rule out any ocular abnormalities

Color vision test with BCVA was taken and recorded

Color vision test with BCVA along with X chrome contact lens was taken and recorded

A questionnaire was circulated for collecting the data

Data entry and analysis was done

Statistical analysis
After the completion of data collection, data entry was done in Microsoft excel 2010. All the
statistical analysis was carried out in Excel sheet. Descriptive Statistics Analysis were presented with
Mean # SD and frequency (percentage) for the different variables.
 Result
A total of 30 individuals with color vision deficiency (CVD) reported using contact lenses,
specifically for job recruitment purposes.

 Purpose of Contact Lens Use:

All 30 participants (100%) stated that they used contact lenses solely for job
recruitment.
 Maintenance Practices:
Among the participants:
o 19 (63.3%) reported good maintenance practices
o 10 (33.3%) reported average maintenance
o 1 (3.3%) reported poor maintenance
 Perception of X-Chrome Lens Cost:
When asked about the cost of X-Chrome lenses:
o 11 (36.7%) considered it expensive
o 18 (60.0%) felt it was moderately priced
o 1 (3.3%) considered it cheap
 Hygiene Practices:
o 24 participants (80.0%) reported maintaining good hygiene
o 6 participants (20.0%) reported average hygiene
 Usage Frequency:
o 23 individuals (76.7%) reported using the lenses only during recruitment
o 7 individuals (23.3%) used the lenses occasionally
 Lens Replacement Behavior:
o 29 participants (96.7%) had never replaced their contact lenses
o Only 1 participant (3.3%) had replaced the lens at least once

Cosmetic look Color perception on cl wear Patient suggestion regarding x

chrome lenses

Good(27),90% Same as usual Change cl colour to natural eye

colour(2),6.6%
Average(3)10% To better discriminate between colors Same technology should be
(30),100% given to spectacles(28),93.3%
Bad Waste of money/time Medication/surgical intervention

Cl should fit permanently to eye

 Chart Title
32.5 30 30 30 29 30
27 28
27.5
22.5
17.5
12.5
7.5
3 2
2.5 1
will u refer do u suggest will you has x chrome are you going will you take are you inter-
your frends the screening recomment x lenses im- to visit for fol- another pair ested to know
and family for test to be chrome lens proved your low up of x chrome othermodali-
screening conducted for other daly life lenses in your ties
yearly next visit

yes 30 30 30 29 3 2 30
no NaN NaN NaN 1 27 28 NaN

yes no
 Discussion
The survey clearly demonstrates a significant subjective improvement in color perception
among CVD individuals using X-Chrome lenses. All participants reported an enhanced
ability to differentiate colors, supporting findings from previous studies such as Oli & Joshi
(2019) and Yalniz-Akkaya et al. (2014), where red lenses allowed CVD individuals to pass
standard Ishihara tests.
The fact that 90% of users rated the experience as good and 93.3% wanted this technology in
spectacles reflects strong satisfaction and demand for user-friendly solutions. However, the
relatively low rate of regular use (only 7 used it occasionally) suggests that lenses are
primarily seen as a temporary workaround, often for job-related assessments.
The maintenance and hygiene data imply that most users are responsible wearers. However,
with 29/30 never replacing their lens once yearly, it raises concerns regarding long-term
ocular health and follow-up care.
Cost remains a barrier for some, with over a third of users perceiving it as expensive. Despite
this, the clear functional benefit may justify the cost, especially for those seeking
employment

Conclusion
X-Chrome contact lenses provide a notable qualitative improvement in color perception for
individuals with color vision deficiency. While most users appreciated the visual benefits and
supported further innovation, the lenses are often used situationally rather than daily.
Future improvements should aim to address:
 Cosmetic acceptance
 Long-term wearability
 Cost-effectiveness
 Adaptation into spectacle formats
With proper usage and awareness, X-Chrome lenses can serve as a valuable tool in bridging the visual
gap for CVD individuals in both academic and occupational settings
 References
1. Brinda HS, Optom B, Optom M, Partha HC. Functional Vision with X Chrome Lenses.
Optom Open Access. 2017 Nov;2(125):2476-075.

2. A, Joshi D. Efficacy of red contact lens in improving color vision test performance based on
Ishihara, Farnsworth D15, and Martin Lantern Test. medical journal armed forces india.
2019 Oct 1;75(4):458-63.
3. Sodhi DP, Saraf S, Kishore J. Are X-chrome lenses an occupational succor for the colour
vision defectives. J. Adv. Res. Med. Sci. Technol. 2017;1:1-6.