UN
UNITED NATIONS
By
ENGLISH CLASS Luis Gaspar
Monica Mayela
INTRODUCTION
The United Nations is an international organization
founded in 1945 after World War II to maintain peace,
security, and cooperation among nations. It started
with 51 countries and now has 193 member states.
The UN operates through bodies like the General
Assembly and Security Council and leads global efforts
in human rights, health (WHO), education (UNESCO), and
humanitarian aid (UNICEF).
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
After World War I, the League of Nations was created in 1919 to prevent
World War I and
future conflicts.
the League of It was promoted by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson, but the United States
Nations (1919) never joined.
Failure of the
It failed to stop the aggression of countries like Germany, Italy, and Japan in the 1930s.
League of Its lack of authority and the absence of major powers weakened its effectiveness.
Nations In 1939, World War II broke out, proving its failure.
Need for a new After the war, a stronger and more effective organization was needed.
international In 1945, at the San Francisco Conference, the United Nations was
organization founded.
San Francisco Conference
April 25 to June 26, 1945
The San Francisco Conference (1945), brought
together 50 countries to draft and approve the
United Nations Charter, the founding document of
the UN.
Main Agreements:
Creation of the United Nations
Establishment of its purposes and principles, such
as peace, security, and international
cooperation.
Definition of its structure, including the General
Assembly, Security Council, and Secretariat.
Recognition of the sovereignty and equality of
nations.
On June 26, 1945, the UN Charter was signed, and it
officially came into force on October 24.
COUNTRIES
Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Cambodia, Canada, Ceylon, Chile, Colombia, Costa
Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Ethiopia, France, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Indonesia,
Iran, Laos, Lebanon, Liberia, Luxembourg, Mexico, Nicaragua, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, United States,
Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Kingdom of Egypt,
Kingdom of Greece, Kingdom of Iraq, United Kingdom and Northern Ireland, Dominican Republic, Syria,
Turkey, Soviet Union, South African Union, Uruguay, Venezuela, State of Vietnam and Japan.
EVOLUTION OF THE UN
Role in the Cold War
Growth in Membership
During the Cold War (1947-
Today, the UN has 193 1991), the UN served as a
member states, nearly all diplomatic forum between
the U.S. and the USSR.
internationally recognized
countries.
International Conflicts
Expansion of Functions It organized peacekeeping
missions in conflicts like Korea,
Human rights (Universal Declaration the Middle East, and Africa.
of 1948). It has intervened in
Health (WHO and pandemic response). Originally created to humanitarian crises and recent
Education and culture (UNESCO). conflicts, such as Bosnia,
maintain peace and security
Environment and sustainable Rwanda, and Syria.
development (Agenda 2030).
“UN” STRUCTURE
General Assembly (GA)
1 The GA is the main organ of the UN. It is composed of representatives from all Member
States.
Security Council (SC)
2 The SC has primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and
security.
Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
3 is the place where the world’s economic, social, and environmental challenges are
discussed and debated.
Trusteeship Council
4 the Trusteeship Council oversaw that adequate steps were taken to prepare the
Territories for self-government or independence.
International Court of Justice (ICJ)
5 The Court is charged with settling legal disputes between States and providing advisory
opinions
UN Secretariat
6 The UN Secretariat services the other principal organs of the UN, and administers their
programmes and policies
World Health Organization United Nations Educational,
SPECIAL (WHO) Scientific and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO)
UN Women
Works for gender
Promotes global
AGENCIES AND health, works to
improve health
Promotes international
collaboration in education,
equality and the
empowerment of
PROGRAMS systems, and responds
to health emergencies
science, culture, and
communication to foster
women globally.
such as pandemics. peace.
PRINCIPAL
ACHIEVEMENTS
Advancement of Gender Equality
Environmental Protection and Climate
Change Action
Global Health Improvements
Promotion of Education and Culture
Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster
Relief
MAIN CHALLENGES
Political and Geopolitical Tensions: These power dynamics can lead to deadlock in the Security
Council, where permanent members with veto power can block resolutions.
Climate Change and Environmental Protection: While there is growing consensus on the need
for climate action, achieving global cooperation and meaningful commitments remains difficult.
Human Rights Violations
Global Health and Pandemics: Coordination between countries, distribution of resources, and
ensuring equitable access to vaccines and treatments remains a critical issue.
Humanitarian Crises: The UN is often at the forefront of responding to humanitarian disasters,
such as refugee crises, famines, and natural disasters
THANKS!
:D
