DBMS SQL Commands with Examples
1. Data Definition Language (DDL)
-- CREATE
CREATE TABLE students (
id INT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(50),
age INT
);
-- ALTER
ALTER TABLE students ADD email VARCHAR(100);
-- DROP
DROP TABLE students;
-- TRUNCATE
TRUNCATE TABLE students;
-- RENAME
RENAME TABLE students TO college_students;
2. Data Manipulation Language (DML)
-- INSERT
INSERT INTO students (id, name, age) VALUES (1, 'Rahul', 20);
-- SELECT
SELECT * FROM students;
-- UPDATE
UPDATE students SET age = 21 WHERE id = 1;
-- DELETE
DELETE FROM students WHERE id = 1;
3. Transaction Control Language (TCL)
-- START TRANSACTION
START TRANSACTION;
-- COMMIT
COMMIT;
-- ROLLBACK
ROLLBACK;
-- SAVEPOINT
SAVEPOINT my_savepoint;
-- ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
ROLLBACK TO my_savepoint;
4. Data Control Language (DCL)
-- GRANT
GRANT SELECT, INSERT ON students TO 'user1'@'localhost';
-- REVOKE
REVOKE INSERT ON students FROM 'user1'@'localhost';
5. Other Useful SQL Commands
-- DESC
DESC students;
-- SHOW TABLES
SHOW TABLES;
-- USE
USE my_database;
-- CREATE INDEX
CREATE INDEX idx_name ON students(name);
-- DROP INDEX
DROP INDEX idx_name ON students;
-- GROUP BY
SELECT age, COUNT(*) FROM students GROUP BY age;
-- ORDER BY
SELECT * FROM students ORDER BY name ASC;
-- WHERE
SELECT * FROM students WHERE age > 18;
-- HAVING
SELECT age, COUNT(*) FROM students GROUP BY age HAVING COUNT(*) > 1;
-- JOIN
SELECT [Link], [Link], [Link]
FROM students s
JOIN marks m ON [Link] = m.student_id;