GRADE 7 SCIENCE NOTES
Unit 8: Chemical reactions
Topic – 8.1 to 8.5
I. Answer the following questions:
Q1. What is the difference between exothermic reactions and endothermic reactions?
Exothermic reaction Endothermic reaction
The reaction that releases energy into the The reaction that absorbs energy from its
surrounding in the form of heat. surrounding in the form of heat.
The temperature of the surrounding The temperature of the surrounding decreases.
increases.
Examples are: Photosynthesis, cooking etc.
Examples are: Combustion reaction,
respiration, rusting of iron etc.
Q2. What are reactants and products?
Ans: The substances at the start of the reaction are called the reactants, and the new
substances that are formed are the products.
𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛 + 𝑜𝑥𝑦𝑔𝑒𝑛 → 𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑒
Reactant Product
Q3. Give examples of exothermic and endothermic reaction with word equation.
Exothermic reaction:
I. Reaction between potassium and water: When potassium reacts with water,
potassium hydroxide and hydrogen form. Chemical energy changed to thermal energy.
𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑢𝑚 + 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 → 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑢𝑚 ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑒 + ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛
II. Reaction between magnesium and dilute acid: When magnesium added to dilute
hydrochloric acid, magnesium chloride and hydrogen form.
𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑢𝑚 + ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑐ℎ𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑 → 𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑐ℎ𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑒 + ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛
Endothermic reaction:
i. The reaction between sodium hydrogen carbonate and citric acid: If we eat sherbet
sweet, which is a mixture of dry citric acid and sodium hydrogen carbonate. These substance
dissolve in saliva and react together. During this reaction thermal energy is absorbed from the
surroundings which gives cooling fizzy effect.
𝑠𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚 ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 + 𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑 → 𝑠𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 + 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 + 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑒
GRADE 7 SCIENCE NOTES
Q4. What is burning(combustion)? Explain with an example.
Ans: Burning is a chemical reaction, in which a substance combines with oxygen in the air and
forms a new substance. The substance that reacts with oxygen is called a fuel (coal, oil and gas).
When fuel burns, the chemical energy is changed to thermal, light and sound energy.
For example, when Magnesium metal is burned, a white powder of Magnesium oxide is formed.
Q5. Describe what is meant by rust.
Ans: Rust is formed when iron reacts with oxygen in the air. The product is iron oxide, which is
commonly known as rust. Rust can only be formed in the presence of oxygen and water. Water is
not part of the equation but it is needed for the reaction to happen.
𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛 + 𝑜𝑥𝑦𝑔𝑒𝑛 → 𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑒
Q6. State two ways to prevent the rusting of iron.
Ans: i) Oiling, greasing, or painting: By applying oil, grease, or paint, the surface gets a
waterproof coating and the moisture and oxygen cannot come into direct contact with the iron.
ii) Galvanization: Iron is coated with a layer of zinc that prevents it from oxygen and moisture.
Q7. Explain the difference between an exothermic/endothermic reaction and an exothermic /
endothermic process.
Ans. In exothermic reaction and process, thermal energy is given out.
Exothermic reaction: New substance formed e.g. Combustion (burning)
Exothermic Process: No new substance formed e.g. Cooling of boiling water, Condensation
In endothermic reaction and process, thermal energy is taken in.
Endothermic reaction: New substance formed e.g. Reaction between sodium hydrogen carbonate
and citric acid
Endothermic Process: No new substance formed e.g. Evaporation, melting of ice
GRADE 7 SCIENCE NOTES
Q8. Write the use of exothermic reaction and endothermic process.
Exothermic Reaction Endothermic Process
Used to produce self-heating cans of Used in instant ice pack which can be used to treat
food or drink. injuries.
Q9. Describe what happens when metals react with oxygen. Give some examples.
Ans: When metals react with oxygen, they produce a metal oxide. This reaction is called
oxidation reaction.
𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑢𝑚 + 𝑜𝑥𝑦𝑔𝑒𝑛 → 𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑒
𝑠𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚 + 𝑜𝑥𝑦𝑔𝑒𝑛 → 𝑠𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑒
(𝑛𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙 ) ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛 + 𝑜𝑥𝑦𝑔𝑒𝑛 → 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
Q10. Describe what happens when metals react with water. Give some examples.
Ans: When metals react with water, they produce a metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑢𝑚 + 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 → 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑢𝑚 ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑒 + ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛
𝑠𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚 + 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 → 𝑠𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚 ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑒 + ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛
𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑖𝑢𝑚 + 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 → 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑖𝑢𝑚 ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑒 + ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛
[Link] what happens when metals react with acid. Give some examples.
Ans: When metals react with acid, they produce a salt and hydrogen gas.
𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑢𝑚 + ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑐ℎ𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑 → 𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑐ℎ𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑒 + ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛
𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑢𝑚 + 𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑓𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑 → 𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑓𝑎𝑡𝑒 + ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛
𝑧𝑖𝑛𝑐 + 𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑 → 𝑧𝑖𝑛𝑐 𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 + ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛
𝑠𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚 + ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑐ℎ𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑 → 𝑠𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑐ℎ𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑒 + ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛
Q12. Explain why metals are stored under oil?
Ans: Metals are stored under oil because they are so reactive that they react with the moisture
in the air and could go inside the container, causing an explosion.
