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Ohms Law Notes

Ohm's Law describes the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in an electric circuit, stating that current is directly proportional to voltage. The mathematical expression is V = I × R, with Ohm as the unit of resistance. It is applicable to metallic conductors under constant conditions but not valid for non-ohmic materials or significant temperature changes.

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2K views3 pages

Ohms Law Notes

Ohm's Law describes the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in an electric circuit, stating that current is directly proportional to voltage. The mathematical expression is V = I × R, with Ohm as the unit of resistance. It is applicable to metallic conductors under constant conditions but not valid for non-ohmic materials or significant temperature changes.

Uploaded by

petlynelynn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Physics Notes: Ohm's Law

1. Introduction:
Electricity is the flow of electric charges (usually electrons) through a conductor. The relationship
between voltage, current, and resistance in an electric circuit is described by a fundamental principle
called Ohm's Law.

2. Definition of Ohm's Law:


"Ohm's Law states that the current passing through a conductor is directly proportional to the
potential difference (voltage) across its ends, provided the temperature and physical conditions
remain constant."

3. Mathematical Expression:
V=I×R

Where:
V = Potential difference (Voltage) in volts (V)
I = Electric current in amperes (A)
R = Resistance in ohms (Ohm)

4. Rearranged Formulas:
I=V/R
R=V/I

5. Unit of Resistance:
The SI unit of resistance is Ohm (Ohm).
1 Ohm = 1 V / 1 A

6. Graphical Representation:
Voltage (V) plotted against current (I) gives a straight line passing through the origin. The slope
represents the resistance (R).
7. Conditions for Ohm's Law:
- Temperature must remain constant.
- The conductor's physical condition should remain unchanged.
- Applicable to metallic conductors.

8. Applications of Ohm's Law:


- To calculate current, voltage, or resistance in a circuit.
- Electrical and electronic device design and testing.
- Determining safe operating limits for appliances.
- Troubleshooting faulty circuits.

9. Limitations of Ohm's Law:


- Not applicable for non-ohmic materials like semiconductors.
- Fails with significant temperature changes.
- Not valid for devices with non-linear I-V characteristics.

10. Example Problems:


Example 1:
A resistor of 5 Ohm is connected to a 10 V battery. Find the current.
I = 10 / 5 = 2 A

Example 2:
A 12 V battery produces a current of 3 A in a resistor. What is the resistance?
R = 12 / 3 = 4 Ohm

Example 3:
Find the voltage across a resistor of 8 Ohm when a current of 0.5 A flows through it.
V = 0.5 × 8 = 4 V

Summary:
- Ohm's Law connects Voltage (V), Current (I), and Resistance (R).
- Formula: V = I × R
- Graph: V vs I is a straight line.
- Unit of Resistance: Ohm (Ohm)
- Valid for metallic conductors under constant temperature.
- Not valid for semiconductors or changing conditions.

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