“ADVANCED SHIP SECURITY AND INNOVATION SYSTEM ”

A PROJECT REPORT ON

“Advanced ship security and innovation system”

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR

THE AWARD OF DIPLOMA IN

ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION ENGG.

SUBMITTED TO

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD TECHNICAL OF

EDUCATION, MUMBAI
SUBMITTED BY,

Name of Student Enrollment No.

Mr. Sule Rohit Shankar 2209940142

Mr. Shitole Swapnil Gorakh 2209940141

Mr. Sutar Swanand Navnath 2209940143
Mr. Sapkal Sumit Sharad 23212330396

GUIDED BY,

Prof. Chavan A.L.

Shriram Shikshan Sanstha’s

Shriram Institute of Engineering &Technology(Polytechnic), Paniv Inst.

Code: 099
 “ADVANCED SHIP SECURITY AND INNOVATION SYSTEM ”

Academic Year 2024-2025

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report entitled

" Advanced ship security and innovation system” was

Successfully completed by student of sixth semester diploma in E&TC Engineering

Name of student Enrollment No.

Mr. Sule Rohit Shankar 2209940142

Mr. Shitole Swapnil Gorakh 2209940141

Mr. Sutar Swanand Navnath 2209940143
Mr. Sapkal sumit Sharad 23212330396

In the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Diploma in Electronics &
Telecommunication and submitted to the department of Electronics & Telecommunication of
Shriram Institute of Engineering &Technology(Polytechnic), Paniv work carried out during a
period for the academic year 2024-25 as per curriculum.

Prof.Chavan A.L. Prof. Dirange M.H.

(Project Guide) (Hod Of Dept )

Prof. Prof. Dhainje P. B.

(External Examiner (MSBTE) (Principal)

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The satisfaction and Euphoria that accompanies the successful completion of any
task would be incomplete without the mention of people who make it possible. Many are
Responsible for the knowledge and experience we have gained our project and throughout
the course. Technical education has few constraints one among them is project work,
taken up in the final year, which an abstract evaluate of person’s capability in becoming an
engineer.

We would like to thank our guide Miss. Chavan A.L.

for his continuous guidance and polite encouragement that was of prime important during
the completion of this project. We would also like to thank to Prof. Dirange.M.H. HOD
of Electronics & Telecommunication. Engg.

We would also like to thank to our Principal Mr. Dhainje P.B. and all staff
members who have been helped us directly & indirectly throughout the completion of
project.

Mr. Sule Rohit Shankar 2209940142

Mr. Shitole Swapnil Gorakh 2209940141

Mr. Sutar Swanand Navnath 2209940143
Mr. Sapkal sumit Sharad 23212330396
 “ADVANCED SHIP SECURITY AND INNOVATION SYSTEM ”

ABSTRACT

This project presents the overall design of Home Automation System (HAS) with low
cost and wireless system. It specifically focuses on the development of an IOT based home
automation system that is able to control various components via internet or be automatically
programmed to operate from ambient conditions. In this project, we design the development
of a firmware for smart control which can successfully be automated minimizing human
interaction to preserve the integrity within whole electrical devices in the home. We used
Node MCU, a popular open source IOT platform, to execute the process of automation.
Different components of the system will use different transmission mode that will be
implemented to communicate the control of the devices by the user through Node MCU to the
actual appliance. The main control system implements wireless technology to provide remote
access from smart phone. We are using a cloud server-based communication that would add
to the practicality of the project by enabling unrestricted access of the appliances to the user
irrespective of the distance factor. We provided a data transmission network to create a
stronger automation. The system intended to control electrical appliances and devices in
house with relatively low cost design, user-friendly interface and ease of installation. The
status of the appliance would be available, along with the control on an android platform. This
system is designed to assist and provide support in order to 1fulfil the needs of elderly and
disabled in home. Also, the smart home concept in the system improves the standard living at
home.
 “ADVANCED SHIP SECURITY AND INNOVATION SYSTEM ”

Declaration

We have informed that for our project we will refer the reference material and will do
work. Our group will do total work within given period of time. We will be following
the guidelines provided by the institute in the synopsis of project.

Name &Sign

1] Sule Rohit Shankar

2] Shitole Swapnil Gorakh

3] Sutar Swanand Navnath

4] Sapkal Sumit Sharad

Project Accepted & Approved By:
1. Mr. Dirange M.H.
2. Mr.Dombale A.B.
3. Miss.More D.S.
4. Miss. Thengal K.A.
5.Miss. Bansode T.M.
6.Miss. Shinde A.S.

Allocated Guide: Miss.Chavan.A.L.

Table of Content
Sr.No. Content Section
1 Acknowledgment I
2 Abstract II
3 List of Figures III
4 List of Symbols IV

Sr.No. Name of Chapter Page No

Introduction

1.1 About Advanced Ship And Security System 01

1.2 Earlier SOS Buttons 02
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1.3 Arduino Controller 03

Chapter 1 1.4 SIM900A GSM module 04
1.5 SIM900A GSM module Specifications 05
1.6 Applications 06
1.7 Software Used 07
Chapter 2 Literature Survey 09
Aim And Scope
Chapter 3 10
3.1 Aim
3.2 Scope of the Project 10
3.3 Objective 11
Materials And Methods Used
4.1 Hardware Components used and Specifications 12
Chapter 4
4.2 Arduino UNO 12
4.3 Pinout Configuration 14
4.4 SIM 900A GSM Module 15
4.5 Working 17
4.6 Construction 18
4.7 Jumper Wires 22
4.8 5 V 1 Amps AC To DC Adapter 24
4.9 Proposed System 28
4.9.1Circuit Diagram 30
4.9.2 Working Process 31
4.9.3 Code 32
Chapter 5 Results And Discussion

35
5.1 Light Test Results
35
5.2 System Analysis
5.3 Final Circuit Connections 35
Chapter 6 Conclusion 38
Chapter 7 References 39
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 About Advanced Ship And Security System

In today’s dynamic maritime environment, ensuring the safety and security of ships and their crew is more important than
ever. As threats such as piracy, unauthorized access, and emergencies continue to pose serious risks at sea, the need for
smart, real-time, and reliable onboard security solutions is growing. To address this, I have developed a compact and cost-
effective system called the Advanced Ship Security and Innovation System (ASSIS) — a modern, DIY-style security
mechanism designed specifically for ships.

This system is built using an Arduino microcontroller, a SIM900A GSM module, and a GPS tracker. Together, these
components create a discreet and reliable SOS alert system that can be triggered at the push of a button during a security
threat or emergency. Once activated, the system instantly sends a location-based alert via SMS to a predefined mobile
number, providing the ship's coordinates and a notification that assistance is required. This allows ship owners, port
authorities, or any other responsible parties to take immediate action.

The key idea behind ASSIS is simplicity and efficiency. The use of the SIM900A GSM module allows the system to
function anywhere within a GSM network range, making it suitable for coastal operations or areas with limited satellite
coverage. The GPS module ensures accurate tracking of the ship's real-time location, while the Arduino handles the logic,
control, and communication between components. The system is designed to be low-cost, easy to maintain, and highly
customizable depending on the specific needs of the vessel.

Unlike traditional emergency systems that may require complex satellite setups or expensive installations, ASSIS offers a
practical solution using easily available components. It is ideal for small to medium-sized vessels, including fishing boats,
private yachts, and cargo carriers operating in regional waters. The system can be installed in multiple locations on a ship
— such as the bridge, captain’s quarters, or engine room — to ensure accessibility in times of crisis.

This project not only enhances shipboard security but also demonstrates how modern electronics and embedded systems
can be harnessed to solve real-world problems in the marine sector. By combining hardware, coding, and strategic design,
ASSIS offers a smart, efficient way to keep vessels safer and better connected.

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1.2 EARLIER SOS Buttons

Before the development of advanced microcontroller-based systems like the one I built, SOS buttons on ships were
much simpler in both design and functionality. In the early days of maritime communication, distress signals were
sent manually using Morse code through radio telegraphy. Crew members would transmit the universal SOS signal
using a spark-gap transmitter, often during emergencies such as collisions, fires, or sinking. These early methods
required trained radio operators, operated manually, and had several limitations. There was no integrated location
tracking, and their effectiveness depended heavily on the operator’s skill and the weather conditions affecting signal
transmission.

As marine electronics evolved, ships began to be equipped with distress buttons built into their communication
radios, particularly VHF (Very High Frequency), MF (Medium Frequency), and HF (High Frequency) transceivers.
These systems introduced Digital Selective Calling (DSC), allowing a user to send automated distress alerts with a
single press. The alert typically included the vessel’s identification number and the nature of the emergency. If
integrated with a GPS receiver, the system could also transmit the ship’s exact coordinates, improving the chances of
a timely rescue. However, these setups still relied heavily on radio communication and were only effective within the
coverage range of nearby coast stations or other vessels.

Eventually, physical Ship Security Alert Systems (SSAS) were introduced, particularly in commercial shipping
fleets. These involved securely installed panic buttons in locations such as the bridge, captain’s cabin, and engine
control room. When pressed, the button would silently transmit a security alert to a predesignated shore-based
authority without sounding alarms on the vessel itself. This system was especially effective during situations like
piracy or armed intrusions, where discretion was crucial. Despite their usefulness, these systems were often expensive,
required professional installation, and lacked the flexibility or customization offered by today’s microcontroller-based
designs.

Compared to these earlier systems, modern SOS solutions like the one I created using an Arduino, SIM900A GSM
module, and GPS tracker provide an affordable, efficient, and highly adaptable alternative. With the ability to send
real-time SMS alerts containing precise coordinates directly to mobile phones, this system offers practical security
coverage for small to mid-sized vessels operating in regional waters.

Over time, the limitations of earlier SOS systems became more apparent, especially for smaller vessels such as
fishing boats, private yachts, and coastal transport ships, which often could not afford or maintain large-scale marine
communication systems. These vessels typically operated outside of organized support zones and in regions with
minimal monitoring infrastructure. As a result, there was a clear need for simpler, more accessible, and cost-effective
alternatives that didn’t rely heavily on complex satellite systems or expensive onboard electronics. This gap created
an opportunity for do-it-yourself (DIY) and embedded systems enthusiasts to develop personalized solutions using
modern electronics components like GSM modules, GPS receivers, and programmable microcontrollers.

The emergence of open-source hardware platforms such as Arduino, along with modules like the SIM900A GSM kit,
has made it possible to design smart and responsive emergency alert systems without the need for large investments
or technical complexity. My project, the Advanced Ship Security and Innovation System (ASSIS), is a direct
response to this need. It offers a compact and efficient solution that enables ship crew to send immediate SOS
messages via GSM networks with live GPS location data. The simplicity of the design allows it to be installed easily
on a variety of vessels and customized based on different operational scenarios.

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1.3 Arduino Controller

The Arduino microcontroller is the central component that powers the Advanced Ship Security and Innovation System (ASSIS).
Serving as the "brain" of the system, the Arduino is responsible for managing inputs from various sensors and controlling the outputs,
including triggering the SOS alert in the event of an emergency. It processes the signals from the SIM900A GSM module and the
GPS tracker, sending alerts with real-time location data to predefined phone numbers.

Arduino is an ideal choice for this project due to its flexibility, ease of programming, and low cost. The platform is well-suited for
developing embedded systems, where real-time processing and control are essential. In the case of ASSIS, the Arduino acts as the
interface between the user (the person pressing the SOS button) and the communication hardware (the GSM module and GPS tracker).
It listens for inputs from the SOS button, checks the GPS coordinates, and formats the message that will be sent out to the designated
authorities.

Why Arduino?

The choice of Arduino as the controller for ASSIS brings several key advantages:

 Cost-effectiveness: Arduino boards are affordable, making the system accessible to a wide range of users, including small
vessel owners who might not have the budget for high-end commercial systems.
 Simplicity: Arduino offers a user-friendly development environment (IDE) and easy-to-understand libraries, which means
you can quickly program the system without deep expertise in microcontroller programming.
 Community Support: Arduino has a large and active community, which provides a wealth of resources, tutorials, and
troubleshooting advice. This made it easier to prototype and fine-tune the system for specific needs, such as integrating the
GSM module or optimizing the GPS location accuracy.
 Customization: The open-source nature of Arduino allows for easy modifications and upgrades. For example, users can add
additional sensors (like a temperature sensor or accelerometer) or interface the system with external devices (such as a
smartphone app or cloud-based monitoring platform).

The Arduino Uno (or any compatible Arduino board) serves as the microcontroller in this system, and its compact size, ease of
programming, and versatility make it the perfect choice for a maritime security system like ASSIS.

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1.3 SIM900A GSM module

SIM 900a GSM Module The SIM900A GSM module is a key component in the Advanced Ship Security and Innovation System
(ASSIS), providing the essential functionality for wireless communication. In the event of an emergency, the GSM module allows the
system to send SMS (Short Message Service) alerts with real-time GPS coordinates to predefined mobile numbers. This makes it
possible for the ship’s crew to silently notify shore-based authorities of an emergency, such as piracy, unauthorized boarding, or any
other security threat, without triggering alarms or alerting potential intruders.

The SIM900A is a GSM/GPRS (Global System for Mobile Communications/General Packet Radio Service) module, which
enables devices to communicate over cellular networks. It is designed for embedded systems, providing a cost-effective and reliable
means of communication. When integrated with the Arduino microcontroller, the SIM900A is responsible for transmitting SMS
messages, which include the ship’s GPS location, to the designated phone numbers that could be a maritime authority, ship owner, or
other response teams.

Why SIM900A?

The SIM900A GSM module is chosen for the following reasons:

 Global Coverage: The module operates on GSM networks, which are available in most parts of the world. This ensures that
the system remains functional in a wide range of geographical locations, as long as there is GSM network coverage.
 Ease of Integration: The SIM900A module is compatible with the Arduino platform, and libraries are readily available for
easy integration. By connecting it to the Arduino’s serial communication pins (TX/RX), it can be controlled to send messages
based on inputs from the SOS button and GPS coordinates.
 Low Power Consumption: Despite its communication capabilities, the SIM900A is designed to consume relatively low
power, making it suitable for long-term usage on vessels without draining the power supply quickly.
 Affordable: The SIM900A is inexpensive, making it a practical solution for small vessels that might not have the budget for
high-end satellite communication systems. The cost-effectiveness of the module makes it an ideal choice for DIY solutions
like ASSIS.

How It Works in ASSIS

When the SOS button is pressed, the Arduino microcontroller triggers the SIM900A to initiate the communication process. Here’s
the basic flow:

1. SOS Trigger: The user presses the SOS button, signaling the Arduino to take action.
2. GPS Data Retrieval: The Arduino checks the GPS tracker for the ship’s real-time location.
3. SMS Preparation: The Arduino formats the message to include the ship's coordinates, time, and other relevant data.
4. SMS Transmission: The SIM900A sends this message to the pre-programmed mobile number(s) (which could be a maritime
authority, fleet operator, or ship owner).

This SMS notification allows authorities to take immediate action, knowing the exact location of the ship in distress.

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1.3 SIM 900A GSM MODULE

 Module Name: SIM900A GSM/GPRS Module

 Dimensions:
o Typically: 28mm x 25mm x 3.6mm (varies slightly depending on the manufacturer)
o Compact size, ideal for embedded applications
 Operating Voltage:
o 3.4V to 4.4V (usually 4V for stable operation)
o Low power requirements compared to other communication modules
 Power Consumption:
o Idle Mode: 1.5 mA
o Transmission Mode: 150 mA (sending SMS)
o Peak Power Consumption: 2A (during transmission or GSM calls)
 Interface:
o UART (Serial Communication): Connects easily to microcontrollers like Arduino through TX/RX pins.

Input Pins: Supports multiple IO pins for triggering actions like power on/off and reset.  Network: GSM
850/900/1800/1900 MHz

 Compatible with global GSM networks, supporting a wide range of international frequencies.
 Ensure that the module’s frequency band matches the local cellular network in your region.

 Data Connectivity:

 GPRS Class 12 (General Packet Radio Service) for internet connectivity and SMS.
 Supports SMS sending, MMS, and voice call

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Figure 1.3.2 SIM 900A GSM MODULE

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1.4 SIM 900A GSM MODULE SPECIFICATIONS & FEATURES

 Microcontroller: Tensilica 32-bit RISC CPU Xtensa LX106

 Operating Voltage: 3.3V
 Input Voltage: 7-12V
 Digital I/O Pins (DIO): 16
 Analog Input Pins (ADC): 1
 UARTs: 1
 SPIs: 1
 I2Cs: 1
 Flash Memory: 4 MB
 SRAM: 64 KB
 Clock Speed: 80 MHz
 USB-TTL supported CP2102 is included onboard, Enabling Plug n Play
 PCB Antenna
 Small Sized module to suit smartly inside your IoT projects

Applications of SIM 900A

1 Remote Monitoring Systems

2. Vehicle Tracking Systems

3. Home Automation and Security Systems

4. Industrial Automation and Control

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1.5 SOFTWARE USED

Arduino IDE

The Arduino IDE (integrated development environment) is a cross platform application which is written
in the functions from C, C++ and JAVA. The Arduino IDE is also a derivative of Processing IDE. The
Arduino IDE is used for easy to write and upload programs in Arduino boards by using a cable that is
connected between board and IDE. The operating system for Arduino software can be Windows, Mac Os
and Linux depending upon the user. The IDE has a software library from the wiring projects and to
provide a common input and output procedures.

setup(): a function that runs once at the start of a program and that can declare and
initialize settings.
loop(): a function that is called repeatedly until the board powers off.

Figure 1.3.2.1 Arduino IDE Setup

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 Programming SIM 900A with Arduino IDE

Programming the SIM900A GSM module with Arduino IDE involves using AT commands to control the
module and enable communication through GSM networks. By connecting the SIM900A module to an
Arduino board, users can send and receive SMS messages or make calls. The Arduino IDE is used to write
and upload the code that interacts with the SIM900A, allowing it to perform tasks like sending emergency
alerts or transmitting GPS coordinates in real-time.

 ADVANTAGES

1. Wide network coverage

2. Easy integration with Arduino
3. Low power consumption
4. Supports SMS and GPRS communication
5. Simple AT command interface
6. Global compatibility
7. Compact and reliable

 APPLICATIONS

1. Vehicle Tracking Systems

2. Remote Monitoring Systems
3. Home Automation and Security
4. Industrial Automation
5. Emergency Alert Systems
6. Health Monitoring Systems
7. Automated Meter Reading
8. Smart Agriculture Systems

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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE
SURVEY

The Certainly! Here's an expanded version of the literature survey in paragraph form with additional details:The evolution
of maritime security systems has undergone significant transformation over the years, moving from early, manual distress
signals like Morse code to the development of more advanced, automated systems that integrate modern technologies. In
the early 20th century, the use of Morse code and spark-gap transmitters was the standard for sending emergency
distress signals. However, these systems were often inefficient, relying heavily on skilled operators and affected by
environmental conditions. The introduction of the Ship Security Alert System (SSAS) in the late 20th century allowed
ships to send silent, automated distress signals to shore authorities. This development improved the speed and discretion of
emergency alerts but remained largely inaccessible to smaller vessels due to the high costs and complexity of the
equipment.

As technology advanced, Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)
modules emerged as affordable solutions for real-time location tracking and communication. The integration of these
technologies in maritime systems provided new opportunities for low-cost, reliable, and customizable security solutions.
For instance, the SIM900A GSM module, a compact GSM/GPRS module, became increasingly popular for embedding in
small security systems. It allows devices to send SMS alerts with precise location data, enabling quick emergency
communication even in remote areas where satellite communication might not be available. Arduino microcontrollers
were also widely adopted, thanks to their affordability and ease of use, enabling hobbyists and professionals alike to
develop personalized solutions for vessel security.

Studies have demonstrated the success of GSM and GPS-based communication systems in various domains. Research
by A. H. Mohamed et al. (2013) highlighted the development of a marine emergency alert system that utilized GSM and
GPS to send distress signals and precise location data to emergency responders. Similarly, J. R. Valencia et al. (2018)
created an Arduino-based security system for boats using the SIM900 GSM module and GPS to alert authorities of
unauthorized boarding or piracy attempts. These solutions were cost-effective and scalable, showing significant potential
for enhancing safety on smaller vessels and for those operating in less regulated waters.

The recent focus on IoT (Internet of Things) technologies and cloud-based systems has further propelled maritime
security innovation. Modern systems are increasingly incorporating smart sensors, which monitor a variety of shipboard
parameters such as temperature, motion, and pressure, to provide a comprehensive safety net. When combined with GSM
communication and cloud-based analytics, these systems enable real-time monitoring and better coordination between
vessels and shore-based response teams. Research by L. B. Carrington et al. (2021) explored how cloud platforms can
integrate GSM, GPS, and sensor data, providing advanced data analytics and improving response times to maritime
incidents. Additionally, K. R. Srinivasan et al. (2019) emphasized the use of low-cost solutions that combine GSM, GPS,
and microcontroller technology to monitor and secure small vessels without the need for expensive infrastructure.

In conclusion, the development of Arduino-based maritime security systems using SIM900A GSM modules and GPS
trackers represents a significant shift toward affordable, customizable, and efficient safety solutions. These systems have
the potential to significantly enhance the security of small to medium-sized vessels by providing timely alerts with real-
time location data, especially in regions with limited access to traditional maritime communication systems.
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CHAPTER 3
AIM AND SCOPE

3.1 PROJECT AIM:

The aim of the Advanced Ship Security and Innovation System (ASSIS) is to enhance maritime safety by providing
real-time emergency alerts triggered by an SOS button, using GSM communication and GPS tracking. It aims to offer a
cost-effective, reliable solution for ship security, enabling quick response in critical situations. ASSIS strives to ensure
timely alerts, precise location information, and rapid communication with authorities, improving the safety of vessels and
their crew.

3.2PROJECT SCOPE:

The Advanced Ship Security and Innovation System (ASSIS) aims to develop a cost-effective, reliable maritime security solution
for vessels of all sizes, with a primary focus on enhancing the safety of crew members and ships in distress. The system integrates an
SOS button, SIM900A GSM module, and GPS tracking to provide real-time location alerts and communication with authorities
during emergencies.

Key Features:

1. SOS Button Activation: The system will allow crew members to trigger an emergency alert using a simple SOS button. Upon
activation, the system will send an SMS alert to predefined emergency contacts (e.g., maritime authorities, fleet operators)
along with the vessel’s GPS location.
2. GSM Communication: The SIM900A GSM module will enable the system to send alerts through SMS, ensuring that
emergency notifications are transmitted even in remote locations where internet connectivity is unavailable.
3. GPS Tracking: The system will incorporate a GPS tracker to pinpoint the vessel’s exact location. The coordinates will be
sent to the emergency contacts along with the distress signal, facilitating faster rescue or intervention.
4. Cost-Effective and Scalable: ASSIS is designed to be affordable, utilizing commonly available components such as
Arduino, SIM900A GSM modules, and GPS trackers, making it accessible to smaller and medium-sized vessels.

Scope of Implementation:

 Design and Integration: Develop the hardware and software integration of the SOS button, SIM900A GSM module, and
GPS tracker within the existing ship's control systems.
 User Interface: The system will feature a simple and intuitive user interface for easy activation of the SOS button, with
minimal training required for the crew.
 Testing and Calibration: Conduct thorough testing to ensure the reliability of the system in various maritime environments,
accounting for different weather conditions and potential communication obstacles.
 Deployment: The system will be implemented on a pilot basis for testing on a selected fleet of vessels, followed by full-scale
deployment after validation.

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3.2 PROJECT OBJECTIVE

The Advanced Ship Security and Innovation System (ASSIS) is designed with the goal of significantly improving
maritime safety by providing an affordable, reliable, and effective emergency communication solution for vessels of
various sizes. The primary objective of the project is to develop a system that integrates a simple yet efficient SOS button,
GSM communication, and GPS tracking to offer real-time distress alerts and precise location information when a ship is
in danger. By pressing the SOS button, the system will automatically send an emergency signal through the SIM900A
GSM module, which will transmit the vessel's current location via SMS to predefined emergency contacts, including
maritime authorities, fleet operators, or rescue teams. This ensures that even in remote maritime areas, where traditional
communication methods may be unavailable or unreliable, immediate alerts can be sent, reducing response times and
increasing the chances of a successful rescue.

Another key objective of ASSIS is to create a user-friendly and accessible interface that allows crew members to activate
the SOS button effortlessly during emergency situations. This ease of use is crucial, as crew members may not have the
time or expertise to operate complex systems in a crisis. The project aims to ensure that the system is intuitive and requires
minimal training, allowing crew members to act quickly and efficiently when every second counts. Furthermore, the
system will be designed to be highly scalable and cost-effective, making it accessible to a broad range of vessels, from
small recreational boats to medium-sized commercial ships. This is important because many smaller vessels currently lack
advanced maritime security systems due to high costs and complexity.

In addition to providing immediate distress alerts, ASSIS aims to integrate GPS tracking, which will allow the vessel's
exact location to be transmitted in real-time. This feature is essential for ensuring that rescue teams or emergency
responders can pinpoint the vessel's position, even in vast and challenging sea conditions, to expedite the rescue operation.
The project also focuses on creating a robust and reliable system that can withstand harsh maritime environments,
including varying weather conditions, sea states, and potential signal interference. Rigorous testing and calibration will be
performed to ensure the system's reliability and performance under such circumstances.

Finally, the Advanced Ship Security and Innovation System aims to bridge the gap between highly advanced maritime
security systems and the needs of smaller, budget-conscious vessel owners. By leveraging affordable and widely available
components such as Arduino, SIM900A GSM modules, and GPS trackers, ASSIS provides a cost-effective alternative
to expensive satellite-based communication systems. The project will be implemented in phases, beginning with system
design and prototype testing, followed by integration, real-world testing, and eventual deployment on a range of vessels.
Ultimately, the goal is to enhance the safety and security of both the crew and the ship, providing peace of mind to ship
owners, operators, and their teams. Through continuous development, testing, and refinement, ASSIS will contribute to
reducing maritime accidents and improving overall safety standards in the maritime industry.

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CHAPTER 4
METHODS AND MATERIAL USED

4.1 HARDWARE COMPONENTS USED AND SPECIFICATION

In this project some hardware components have been used Such as:
 Arduino Controller
 SIM 900A GSM MODULE
 Jumper Wire
 5 V 1Amp AC To DC Adapter

4.2 ARDUINO CONTROLLER

The Arduino UNO is a popular open-source microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P microchip, designed to
simplify the process of creating and prototyping electronic projects. It features 14 digital input/output pins, 6 analog
inputs, a USB connection, and a power jack, making it versatile and capable of handling a wide range of tasks. Arduino
UNO is widely used due to its ease of use, even for beginners, and its ability to interact with various electronic
components and sensors. The board can be programmed using the Arduino IDE, which supports a simplified version of
the C/C++ programming language, making it accessible to users with minimal programming experience.

As an open-source platform, the Arduino UNO benefits from a vast and active global community. This means users can
find a wealth of resources such as tutorials, libraries, and project ideas that make it easy to start and develop
sophisticated systems. It’s widely employed in many applications, including robotics, home automation, IoT (Internet of
Things) projects, and sensor-based systems. One of its key advantages is its ability to interface with numerous
peripherals and communication modules, such as the SIM900A GSM module, enabling wireless communication in
various systems like remote monitoring and security setups.

The Arduino UNO can be powered via USB or through an external power supply, providing flexibility for different
projects, including portable and battery-operated devices. With its simple design, open-source nature, and extensive
support from the global maker community, the Arduino UNO remains one of the most accessible and powerful
platforms for building both basic and advanced electronics projects. Whether you are a hobbyist, a student, or a
professional, the Arduino UNO offers endless possibilities for creative and innovative applications.

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FEATURES

 Digital I/O Pins: The board offers 14 digital input/output pins, of which 6 can be used as PWM (Pulse Width
Modulation) outputs.

 Analog Inputs: It includes 6 analog input pins, allowing you to connect sensors and read analog signals.

 USB Interface: The Arduino UNO can be connected to a computer through its USB port for programming and serial
communication.

 Power Supply: It can be powered via USB or through an external power supply (6-20V), providing flexibility in
various applications.

 Built-in LED: A built-in LED connected to pin 13 allows for easy testing and debugging during development.

 Clock Speed: It operates at a clock speed of 16 MHz, enabling fast processing of tasks and communication.

 External Interrupts: The board supports external interrupts, allowing for real-time response to events from external
sources.

 Onboard Voltage Regulator: The Arduino UNO includes a voltage regulator to ensure stable voltage levels for the
board, even when powered from an external supply.

 Open-Source: The hardware and software are open-source, making it highly customizable and easy to modify for
various projects.

 Cross-Platform Compatibility: It is compatible with Windows, macOS, and Linux operating systems.

 Serial Communication: It supports serial communication, making it easy to communicate with other devices like
sensors, GPS modules, or GSM modems.

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4.3 Node MCU Development Board Pin out Configuration

Pin No. Pin Type Function

1 Digital I/O Pin TX (Transmit) - Serial communication (TX
for sending data)
2 Digital I/O Pin RX (Receive) - Serial communication (RX for
receiving data)
3-5 Digital I/O Pin PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) - Used for
controlling motor speeds, lights
6-13 Digital I/O Pin Digital Input/Output - General-purpose
digital I/O pins
14-19 Analog Input Pin A0 to A5 - Used for reading analog sensors or
signals
20 Analog Input Pin A6 - Optional for additional analog input in
some configurations
21 Analog Input Pin A7 - Optional for additional analog input in
some configurations
22-23 Power and Reset Pin GND (Ground), Reset Pin - For resetting the
board and providing power
24 Power Pin 5V - Supplies 5V power to external
components
25 Power Pin Vin - Input voltage for external power supply

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BRIEF About Arduino Controller

Arduino UNO is an open-source microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P chip. It features 14 digital I/O pins, 6
analog inputs, and can be powered via USB or an external source. The board is programmable using the Arduino IDE,
which supports a simplified version of C/C++. Arduino UNO operates at a clock speed of 16 MHz, ensuring fast
processing for various tasks. It supports serial communication, making it easy to interface with sensors, modules, and other
devices. With built-in features like a voltage regulator and a built-in LED for testing, it is ideal for prototyping and DIY
projects. Its open-source nature and extensive community support make it one of the most popular platforms for electronics
enthusiasts. The Arduino UNO is one of the most widely used microcontroller boards in electronics and embedded
systems. It is built on the ATmega328P microcontroller and is known for its simplicity, affordability, and ease of use.
With 14 digital input/output pins (6 of which support PWM), 6 analog inputs, and built-in support for serial
communication, the board is ideal for beginners and professionals alike. It operates at 5V with a 16 MHz clock speed and
can be powered via USB or an external power source. Programming is done using the Arduino IDE, which supports a
simplified version of C/C++ and includes many built-in libraries for quick development. The board also features a reset
button, voltage regulator, and a built-in LED connected to pin 13 for basic testing. Due to its open-source nature and
vast community support, Arduino UNO is used in a wide range of projects including IoT devices, robotics, home
automation, sensor monitoring, and prototyping electronic systems. Its reliability, flexibility, and extensive
documentation make it an essential tool in the world of embedded development and DIY electronics.

The Arduino UNO is a highly versatile and beginner-friendly microcontroller board that plays a crucial role in electronics
prototyping, automation systems, and embedded technology learning. It is based on the ATmega328P microcontroller, offering a
robust set of features packed into a compact and user-friendly board. With 14 digital input/output pins, 6 analog input pins, and 6
PWM-enabled pins, it allows users to connect a variety of sensors, actuators, and other devices. It runs at a 16 MHz clock speed,
operates at 5V, and includes a USB interface for easy programming and power supply, although it can also be powered externally
using a DC jack or Vin pin. One of Arduino UNO’s strongest advantages is its support through the Arduino IDE, a lightweight and
intuitive programming environment that uses a simplified C/C++ language structure. The IDE includes built-in libraries and examples,
making it easy to get started with tasks such as reading sensor data, driving motors, or communicating with modules like SIM900A
GSM, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or GPS. Thanks to its open-source hardware design, users and developers around the world contribute to
its continual improvement, offering shields (add-on boards), libraries, and community support for nearly every application imaginable.

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Figure 4.1.1.3 Arduino controller with pin configuration

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4.4 Working Principles of SIM 900A GSM MODULE

The SIM900A GSM module operates based on GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) technology, which
allows it to establish communication over a mobile network to send and receive data, SMS, and voice calls. It functions
similarly to a mobile phone but is designed to be embedded in electronic systems for wireless communication.

The module works using AT commands (Attention Commands) sent from a microcontroller (like Arduino UNO) via a
serial communication interface (TX/RX pins). When a SIM card is inserted into the module and powered on, it connects
to the nearest GSM network tower using the frequency bands (typically 900 MHz/1800 MHz).

Figure 4.1.2.1 SIM 900A GSM Module

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4.5 Construction SIM 900A GSM MODULE

The construction of the SIM900A GSM module consists of several key hardware components and interfaces integrated
onto a compact printed circuit board (PCB), designed to facilitate wireless GSM communication. At the heart of the
module is the SIM900A GSM chip, a quad-band GSM/GPRS engine capable of connecting to GSM networks in the
900/1800 MHz frequency bands.

The module includes a SIM card holder, which allows the user to insert a standard SIM card to register on the GSM
network. Near the SIM holder, voltage regulators and power management circuitry are provided to ensure stable power
supply, typically requiring 3.4V to 4.4V for safe operation. The module also includes an on-board antenna connector or
PCB antenna, enabling the device to communicate effectively with nearby GSM towers.

For communication with external microcontrollers like Arduino UNO, the SIM900A module is equipped with serial
communication pins (TX and RX) that follow the UART protocol. These are usually connected through level shifters to
ensure compatibility with 5V systems. Some modules also come with status LEDs, indicating power, network status, and
communication activity.

Other supporting components in the construction include oscillators for timing control, EEPROM for storing
configuration data, and optional audio interfaces (MIC and SPK pins) for voice communication. The compact, modular
design allows it to be easily integrated into larger systems such as SOS alert setups, vehicle tracking units, or remote
control devices.

In conclusion, the construction of the SIM900A GSM module is thoughtfully designed to deliver a reliable GSM
communication interface, while remaining small, power-efficient, and easy to interface with common microcontrollers and
embedded systems.

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Connectivity Arduino And SIM 900A GSM Module

The Arduino UNO connects to the SIM900A GSM module using serial communication (TX and RX pins). The
Arduino’s TX pin is connected to the module’s RX, and RX to TX, with a common ground (GND). Communication is
done through AT commands, allowing Arduino to send SMS, make calls, or transmit data.

Figure 4.1.2.3 Connectivity of Relay

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 BREADBOARD

What is BREADBOARD?

A breadboard is a solderless device for temporary prototype with electronics and test circuit designs. Most
electronic components in electronic circuits can be interconnected by inserting their leads or terminals into the
holes and then making connections through wires where appropriate. The breadboard has strips of metal
underneath the board andconnect the holes on the top of the board. The metal strips are laid out as shown below.
Note that the top and bottom rows of holes are connected horizontally and split in the middle while the remaining
holes are connected vertically.
Because the solderless breadboard does not require soldering, it is reusable. This makesit easy to use for creating
temporary prototypes and experimenting with circuit design. For this reason, solderless breadboards are also
popular with students and in technological education. Older breadboard types did not have this property. A
stripboard (Veroboard) and similar prototyping printed circuit boards, which are used to build semi- permanent
soldered prototypes or one-offs, cannot easily be reused. A variety of electronic systems may be prototyped by
using breadboards, from small analog and digital circuits to complete central processing units (CPUs).
Compared to more permanent circuit connection methods, modern breadboards have high parasitic capacitance,
relatively high resistance, and less reliable connections, which are subject to jostle and physical degradation.
Signaling is limited to about 10 MHz, and not everything works properly even well below that frequency.

COMMON USE
A common use in the system on a chip (SoC) era is to obtain an microcontroller (MCU) on a pre-assembled
printed circuit board (PCB) which exposes an array of input/output (IO) pins in a header suitable to plug into a
breadboard, and then to prototype a circuit which exploits one or more of the MCU's peripherals, such as general-
purpose input/output (GPIO), UART/USART serial transceivers, analog-to- digital converter (ADC), digital-to-
analog converter (DAC), pulse-width modulation (PWM; used in motor control), Serial Peripheral Interface
(SPI), or I²C.

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TYPICAL SPECIFICATIONS:

 TERMINAL STRIPS

The main areas, to hold most of the electronic components.

In the middle of a terminal strip of a breadboard, one typically finds a notch running in parallel to the long
side. The notch is to mark the centerline of theterminal strip and provides limited airflow (cooling) to DIP
ICs straddling thecenterline[citation needed]. The clips on the right and left of the notch are each connected
in a radial way; typically five clips (i.e., beneath five holes) in a row on each side of the notch are electrically
connected. The five columns on the left of the notch are often marked as A, B, C, D, and E, whilethe ones on
the right are marked F, G, H, I and J. When a "skinny" dual in- line pin package (DIP) integrated circuit
(such as a typical DIP-14 or DIP-16, which have a 0.3-inch (7.6 mm) separation between the pin rows) is
pluggedinto a breadboard, the pins of one side of the chip are supposed to go into column E while the pins of
the other side go into column F on the other sideof the notch.
 BUS STRIPS
To provide power to the electronic components.
A bus strip usually contains two columns: one for ground and one for a supply voltage. However, some
breadboards only provide a single-column power distribution bus strip on each long side. Typically the row
intended for a supply voltage is marked in red, while the row for ground is marked in blue or black. Some
manufacturers connect all terminals in a column. Others justconnect groups of, for example, 25 consecutive
terminals in a column.

Fig. 4.1.3.3 Bus Strips

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4.6 JUMPER WIRES

A jump wire (also known as jumper, jumper wire, jumper cable, DuPont wire or cable) is an electrical wire,
or group of them in a cable, with a connector or pin at each end (or sometimes without them – simply
"tinned"), which is normally used to interconnect the components of a breadboard or other prototype or test
circuit, internally or with other equipment or components, without soldering.

Fig. 4.1.3.4 Jumper Wires

TYPES

There are different types of jumper wires. Some have the same type of electrical connector at both ends,
while others have different connectors. Some common connectors are:

 Solid tips – are used to connect on/with a breadboard or female header connector. The arrangement of the
elements and ease of insertion on a breadboard allows increasing the mounting density of both components
and jump wires without fear of short-circuits. The jump wires vary in size and colour to distinguish the
different working signals.
 Crocodile clips – are used, among other applications, to temporarily bridge sensors, buttons and other
elements of prototypes with components or equipment that have arbitrary connectors, wires, screw terminals,
etc.

 Banana connectors – are commonly used on test equipment for DC and low-frequency AC signals.

 Registered jack (RJnn) – are commonly used in telephone (RJ11) and computer networking (RJ45).

 RCA connectors – are often used for audio, low-resolution composite videosignals, or other low-frequency
applications requiring a shielded cable.

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 RF connectors – are used to carry radio frequency signals between circuits,test equipment, and antennas.

 RF jumper cables - Jumper cables is a smaller and more bendable corrugated cable which is used to
connect antennas and other componentsto network cabling. Jumpers are also used in base stations to connect
antennas to radio units. Usually the most bendable jumper cable diameter is1/2".

VERSIONS OF SOLID TIPS JUMPER WIRES

Jumper wires typically come in three versions: male-to-male, male-to-female and female-to-female. The
difference between each is in the end point of the wire. Maleends have a pin protruding and can plug into
things, while female ends do not andare used to plug things into. Male-to-male jumper wires are the most
common andwhat you likely will use most often. When connecting two ports on a breadboard, a male-to-
male wire is what you’ll need.

MALE TO MALE TO MALE FEMALE TO FEMALE

FEMALE
JUMPER JUMPER WIRES JUMPER WIRES
WIRES

Figure 4.1.4.2 Types of Jumper Wires

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4.7 5V 1 AMPS AC To DC ADAPTER

This AC to DC power supply will do 5V at 1A! They're switch mode power supplies whichmeans the output
is regulated to 5V (no more 14V outputs!). These have a standard USB 'A' connector for the output so you
can power your Arduino, Raspberry Pi, etc. through a USB cable.

Figure 4.1.5 Adapter

SPECIFICATIONS

 Input Voltage (V): 100 ~ 280 VAC @50 ~ 60Hz.

 Input current (mA): 100.
 Output Power: 5V 1A.
 Input Plug: 2-Pin EU type.
 Output Plug: 5.5mm DC plug.

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SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

ARDUINO IDE

The Arduino IDE (integrated development environment) is an cross platformapplication that is written in
the functions from C, C++ and JAVA. The Arduino IDEis an derivative of Processing IDE. The
Arduino IDE is used for easy to write and upload programs in Arduino boards by using an cable that
was connected betweenboard and IDE. The operating system of Arduino software is Windows, Mac
Os and Linux. The IDE supplies a software library from the wiring projectsand to provide a common
input and output procedures.

 setup(): a function that runs once at the start of a program and that can initializesettings.
 loop(): a function called repeatedly until the board powers off.

The system is controlled using a Web Page which is based on IoT platform. The intendeddevice can
be powered ON or OFF using the above application. Also, it provides the facility to set the intensities of
different appliances. The system becomes platform independent due to the use of a web application. It can be
operated from any location by just opening the IoT platform web application. The web application also
serves as a platform for managing the devices and the data.

4.2.1.1 NODE MCU CODE VIA ARDUINO IDE

To code Node MCU via Arduino IDE, the Node MCU needs to be added to Arduino IDE library
first by adding this address to Arduino IDE preferences. After this reference is added to Arduino IDE,
download node MCU to boards manager and then select Node MCU 1.0 (ESP12E Module). After node
MCU is added to Arduino IDE library, upload this code with changing hotspotname and password.

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Figure 4.2.1.1 SETTING UP NODE MCU IN ARDUINO IDE

The code includes the hotspot name and password match with the android. The code doesnot need
to identify the relay input, as it is included in [Arduino IDE]. When access point is given by the
microcontroller sent as password and SSID is the name of smart phone hotspot.

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 EXSTING SYSTEM

A home automation system is an automating the bulk of electronic and electrical taskswithin a home. It uses
a combination of hardware and software to enable control and management over appliances and devices
within a home.

Home automation not only refers to reduce human efforts but also energy efficiency andtime saving. Here
home automation is done by using ESP8266 – WiFi SoC and Blynk Play store App.

WHAT THEY HAVE FOLLOWED IN EXSTING SYSTEMS

In this existing system, home automation is done by using the Blynk app which sends thecommand by it’s Blynk
Server. Home Automation mean controlling lighting, climate, entertainment systems, and appliances without a
manual switch.
Blynk is a mobile application which has its own server to process user requests. It is an open source application
and anybody can use it in their Home Automation to control devices, monitor sensor data and get a notification
by some trigger actions.
Blynk app has been used to read data from sensors located in home environment and user controls home
appliances based on these data. Being busy in hectic schedule of daily life user may not be able to read sensor
data continuously to take some action through app.
Blynk has a nice GUI but one may sometimes face a problem due to it’s busy server andget a late response or
zero response.

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4.8 PROPOSED SYSTEM

This project uses the Cloud and a Web Browser to control the manually operated switches.A cloud server is
created for the environment where the switches are mounted. The switches are interfaced with Node MCU
which has an inbuilt Wi-Fi. It can use this to enableor disable the switches. The user communicates with the
processor through the Web Browser. The processor then controls the switches based on the commands
received fromthe user and also updates the user about the status of the switches after the control operation is
performed to the cloud.

Hardware Requirements

 Node MCU (ESP8266-12E) DEVELOPMENT BOARD

 4-Channel Relay Module
 Breadboard
 Jumper Wire
 5 V 1Amp AC To DC Adapter

Software Requirements

Arduino IDE – Compiler

Language – Embedded C

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BLOCK DIAGRAM

OR

DESKTOP
VIA
WEB APPLICATION

Figure 4.4.1 Block diagram for proposed system.

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4.8.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Figure 4.4.2 Circuit diagram for proposed system.

Figure 4.4.3 Circuit diagram of RELAY MODULE

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4.8.2 Working process

The heart of this project is the WiFi enabled board that needs no introduction; the ESP8266 based Node MCU
development board. It is an open source platform for developing WiFi based embedded systems and it is based
on the popular ESP8266 WiFiModule, running the Lua based Node MCU firmware. Node MCU was born out of
the desire to overcome the limitations associated with the first versions of the ESP8266 module which was not
compatible with breadboards, it was difficult to power and even more difficult to program. The Node MCU
board is easy to use, low cost and that quickly endeared it to the heart of makers and it is one of the most popular
boards today.

For this project, we will add a 4-channel relay module to the ESP8266 board. The project flow involves the
control of Node MCU’s GPIOs from a webpage on any device connectedon the same network as the board. The
status of the GPIOs control the coils of the relaysand that causes the relay to alternate between normally open
(NO) and normally closed (NC) condition depending on the state of the GPIO, thus, effectively turning the
connectedappliance “ON” or “OFF”.

CONNECTIONS

To make the connections easy to follow, here is a pin map of the connectionbetween the NODE MCU and the
Relay Module:

Node MCU – Relay Module

3.3V - VCC
GND - GND
D1 - IN1
D2 - IN2
D5 - IN3
D6 - IN4

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4.8.3 CODE
One of the easiest way to program Node MCU is via the Arduino IDE. This, however, requires setting up the
Arduino IDE by installing the board support filefor Node MCU. The code is based on the ESP8266WiFi.h library
which allows the easy use of WiFi functionalities of the board. It contains all we need to createor join a WiFi
access point and also create a server and client which are all important for this project. The library comes
attached with the Node MCU boardfiles for the Arduino, so there is no need to install it once the board files have
been installed.
The code for this project will enable us to control appliances connected to the GPIOs (via relays) of the Node
MCU board remotely. To start with, we include the library that we will use for the project, which in this case, is
the ESP8266WiFi.h library.
Next, we add the credentials of the WiFi access point to which the Node MCU will be connected. Ensuring that
the username and password are between the double quotes. We also specify the port through which the system
will communicate and create a variable to hold requests. As shown in the below fig.

Figure 4.4.3.2 Code 1

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Next, is the void setup() function. We start by initializing the serial monitor (as it will be used for debugging later
on) and setting the pin Modes of the pins to which the relays are connected as output. We then set the pins
“LOW” to ensure the system starts at OFF state.
Now, we connect to the access point using the credentials provided as arguments to theWiFi.begin() function and
we use the WiFi.status() function to check if connection was successful. The system will keep trying until the
connection is successful.
As shown in the below Figure.

Figure 4.4.3.3 Code 2

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If the connection is successful, a text is printed on the serial monitor to indicate this, along
with the IP address of the Node MCU. This IP address becomes the web address for the server and should be
entered on any web browser on the same network as the server so we are able toaccess it.
Upload the code to the Node MCU. Ensure everything is connected as described under the schematics section.
After uploading the code, the IP address of your web server displayed in the serial monitor as shown below.

Figure 4.4.3.4 Serial Monitor

PRECAUTIONS

It’s important to note that, connecting the appliances to the relay involves interaction with AC voltages which
could be dangerous. Ensuring to have experience interacting with AC voltages anddo so in a safe manner.

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CHAPTER 5
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

5.1 Light Control Test Results

The Light Control Test is done by pressing the ON / OFF button widget on the Web application onthe respective
Android smart phone/Pc for lights and fans. This is done after the system is turnedon and connected to a Wi-Fi
internet connection. If at any time the internet connection is lost or bad signal, then it also affects system
performance.

Figure 5.1.1 Web App Output 1

Figure 5.1.2 Web App Output 2

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CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION

Based on the results of analysis of all data obtained by testing the smart home with the Internet ofThings based Node
MCU ESP6288 module, the following conclusions can be drawn:

1) Smart Home with Internet of Things (IoT) based Node MCU ESP8266 Module can be designed with various
components hardware and software support so that it can be arranged into a smart home system that is
controlled with the Web application according towhat is intended.

2) The Smart Home with this Internet of Things (IoT) based Node MCU ESP8266 Module can be implemented
to control some of the home electronics performance including lighting controls, fan control, temperature
monitoring, early warning systems and etc.

3) Main purpose of home automation system is to provide ease to people to control differnt home appliances
with the help of the web application using their mobile phones or desktopand to save time and money.

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CHAPTER 7
References

1) BOHORA, Bharat; MAHARJAN, Sunil; SHRESTHA, Bibek Raj. IoT Based Smart Home UsingBlynk
Framework. Zerone Scholar, [S.l.], v. 1, n. 1, p. 26-30, dec. 2016. ISSN 25422774. googlescholar.
2) DC-DC Step Down Converter Power Supply Provides Regulated 5VDC Output with Range Input of
10-32VDC, Model GTD21088L-1505-T2.
3) Home Automation Using Internet of Thing 2016 IEEE 7th Annual Ubiquitous Computing, Electronics
& Mobile Communication Conference (UEMCON) Published: 2016. Google Scholar.
4) Internet of Things in Home Automation and Energy Efficient Smart Home Technologies Simon
G. M. Koo Department of Computer Engineering, Santa Clara University, CA 95053, USA
5) Low Cost Implementation of Smart Home Automation Ravi Kishore Kodali Department of Electronics
and Communication Engineering National Institute of Technology, Warangal , 506004 India
6) Mobile based home automation using Internet of Things (IoT) 2015 International Conference on
Control, Instrumentation, Communication and Computational Technologies (ICCICCT) Published:
2015
7) NodeMCU Features and Pinout. A Brief Tutorial on the Introduction to NodeMCU V3.
8) Yoyosteven in Circuits Microcontrollers. NODEMCU 1.0 (ESP8266) CONTROLLED RELAY
USING BLYNK (OVER THE WEB).
9) 5V 4-Channel Relay Interface Board, Standard Interface that can be Controlled Directly by
Microcontroller.
10) 15-17 March 2018 U. Venkanna IoT Based Smart Home Automation System Using Sensor Node.
Google Scholar.

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