Operating System Notes
1. Introduction to Operating Systems:
- Definition: An Operating System (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and
software resources.
- Functions: Process management, Memory management, File system management, Device
management, Security.
2. Process Management:
- Process: A program in execution.
- States: New, Ready, Running, Waiting, Terminated.
- Scheduling: FCFS, SJF, Round Robin, Priority Scheduling.
3. Memory Management:
- Concepts: RAM, Virtual Memory, Paging, Segmentation.
- Techniques: Contiguous allocation, Paging, Segmentation, Swapping.
4. File System:
- Purpose: To store data and programs permanently.
- Directory Structure: Single-level, Two-level, Tree-structured.
- Access Methods: Sequential, Direct, Indexed.
5. Input/Output Management:
- I/O Devices: Keyboard, Mouse, Disk, Network.
- I/O Techniques: Programmed I/O, Interrupt-driven I/O, DMA.
6. Deadlock:
- Conditions: Mutual Exclusion, Hold and Wait, No Preemption, Circular Wait.
- Strategies: Prevention, Avoidance (Banker's Algorithm), Detection, Recovery.
7. Virtualization and Cloud:
- Virtualization: Running multiple OSes on the same hardware.
- Cloud Computing: On-demand delivery of computing services.
8. Security and Protection:
- Authentication, Authorization, Encryption, Firewalls.
9. Examples of Operating Systems:
- Windows, Linux, macOS, Unix, Android.
This is a brief overview for study and revision purposes.
