Generic Name Amlodipine

Brand Name Provasc

Classification
Therapeutic Class Calcium Channel Blocker
Pharmacologic Class
Dosage / Route / Frequency 5mg po OD
Mechanism Of Action
It works by relaxing the coronary vascular smooth muscle and coronary vasodilation through
inhibition of calcium ion transmembrane influx into cardiac and vascular smooth muscles.
Desired Effect
This drug is given to lower blood pressure.
Nursing Responsibilities Rationale
1. Monitor patient’s blood pressure, To know the effectiveness of the drug.
cardiac rhythm.
2. Monitor input and output. To know if side effects occurs.
3. Advised patient to take the drug at To maintain the accurate and even blood
the same time. levels and effectiveness
4. Educated patient with possible To treat symptoms immediately.
side effects such as; dizziness,
chest pain, difficulty of breathing,
stomach pain, and abnormal
heartbeat and seek for medical
help if it occurs.
5. Emphasized the importance of Tapering the medication can have severe side
medication adherence. effects.

Generic Name Citicholine

Brand Name Ceraxon
Classification
Therapeutic Class Psychostimulants, Nootropics
Pharmacologic Class
Dosage / Route / Frequency 1g, 1 tab OD
Mechanism Of Action
It stimulates the biosynthesis of structural phospholipids of the neuronal membrane. It
preserves the neuronal energetic reserve, inhibits apoptosis and stimulates the synthesis of
acetylcholine.
Desired Effect
aims to improve memory, behavior, and functional recovery. It may also enhance brain
function by increasing levels of brain chemicals that send messages
Nursing Responsibilities Rationale
 1. Assess baseline cognitive This is done to evaluate the effectiveness
function of citicoline therapy and monitor for
improvements or deterioration in memory,
attention, and orientation.
2. Educate the patient about the This is done to promote compliance
purpose and importance of the
drug.

3. Advised the patient to take the This is done to ensure maximum

full prescribed length of time therapeutic effect of the drug.
to the medicine.
4. Teach the patient and This is done to prevent stomach upset
significant others to take the
drug with food
5. Educate the patient and family This is done to promote adherence and
about the purpose and understanding of the therapy, especially in
expected outcomes of long-term or cognitive disorder
citicoline management.

6. Observe the following side

effects:

● Headache - Encourage have enough bed rest

● Diarrhea - Offer ice chips and crackers
● Chest Tightness - Encourage bed rest and avoid strenuous
activities

Generic Name Calcium Carbonate + Vitamin D3

Brand Name
Classification
Therapeutic Class Calcium Carbonate: Antacids
Pharmacologic Class Vitamin D3: Vitamin D analog
Dosage / Route / Frequency
Mechanism Of Action
It counteracts the rise of PTH that is caused by Ca deficiency and increased bone resorption.
Calcium carbonate is used as a supplementary source of Ca to help prevent or decrease the rate
of bone loss in osteoporosis.
Desired Effect
This drug improves bone health, potentially reduces stroke-related complications, and
supports overall recovery. Calcium carbonate helps maintain blood calcium levels, crucial for
nerve and muscle function, while vitamin D3 enhances calcium absorption and plays a role in
brain function and neuroplasticity.
Nursing Responsibilities Rationale
1. Assess the patient’s dietary calcium 2. This is done to determine if
 and vitamin D intake. supplementation is necessary or if
dietary adjustments can be made.
2. Explain the purpose of the drug to This is done to detect potential calcium
the patient. overdose early and prevent complications

3. Educate patients or significant - This is done to promote compliance .

others to take the drug with meals .
4. Monitor for signs of 5. This is done to enhance
hypercalcemia effectiveness of calcium
absorption and minimise GI upset.
5. Observe the following side effects
or adverse effect:

1. Constipation - Encourage the patient to increase fiber

intake.
2. Nausea/Vomiting - Advise the patient to eat small,
frequent meals or drink clear, ice-cold
water.
3. Dry mouth - Advise the patient to increase fluid
intake

4. Headache - Encourage the patient to get enough

sleep and rest.

Generic Name Ferrous Sulfate + Vitamin B Complex

Brand Name
Classification
Therapeutic Class Ferrous Sulfate: Iron supplement
Pharmacologic Class Vitamin B Complex: Water-soluble vitamins
Dosage / Route / Frequency
Mechanism Of Action
Ferrous Sulfate: Replenishes body iron stores needed for hemoglobin synthesis, essential for
oxygen transport.
B Complex Vitamins: Support various metabolic processes, including red blood cell
formation, nervous system function, and energy production.
Desired Effect
This drug is used to treat or prevent anemia and support the production of healthy red blood
cells
Nursing Responsibilities Rationale
1. Instruct patient to take medication To ensure therapeutic effectiveness and avoid
exactly as prescribed underdosing or overdosing. Iron and B
vitamins must be taken consistently to
replenish body stores and correct
deficiencies. Overdose of iron, especially, can
 be toxic.

2. Instruct patient take medication with Helps prevent esophageal irritation and
a full glass of water. enhances absorption

3. Encourage a diet rich in iron and B Dietary sources support and enhance the
vitamins (e.g., red meat, leafy greens, effects of the supplement, promoting faster
beans) recovery from anemia and vitamin deficiency.

4. Educate patient about dark stool is Iron supplementation often causes black or
normal dark green stools due to unabsorbed iron.
Informing the patient prevents unnecessary
worry or misinterpretation as internal
bleeding
5. Advise patient to report signs of Allergic reactions (e.g., rash, swelling,
allergic reaction or persistent GI issues difficulty breathing) may require immediate
medical attention. Persistent gastrointestinal
side effects may need dose adjustment or
switching to a different formulation.

Generic Name Metformin

Brand Name N/A
Classification
Therapeutic Class Oral Hypoglycemic Agent
Pharmacologic Class Biguanide
Dosage / Route / Frequency 500 mg, PO, BID (may be adjusted based on patient
response and renal function)
Mechanism Of Action
Metformin decreases hepatic glucose production, reduces intestinal absorption of glucose, and
improves insulin sensitivity by increasing peripheral glucose uptake and utilization.
Desired Effect
This drug is given to manage Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and improve blood glucose control in
adults and children.
Nursing Responsibilities Rationale
1. Monitor blood glucos level and To revaluate the effectiveness of the theraoy
HbA1c regularly.
2. Assess renal function before starting Metformin is excreted by the kidneys;
and periodically. impaired function increases the risk of lactic
acidosis.
3. Educate the patient to take metformin To reduce gastrointestinal side effects like
with meals. nausea and diarrhea.
 4. Monitor for signs of lactic acidosis lactic acidosis is a rare but serious side effect
(eg. Malaise, respiratory distress). of metformin.
5. Withold metformin before contrast To prevent contrast-induced nephropathy and
imaging procedures and resume 48 lactic acidosis
hours after if renal function is stable.
6. Instruct the patient not to skip doses Consistent use enchances glycemic control
and to maintain dietary compliance. and reduce complications.

Generic Name Acetylcysteine

Brand Name N/A
Classification
Therapeutic Class Antidote (Acetaminophen toxicity), Mucolytic
Pharmacologic Class Mucolytic agent, Antioxidant
Dosage / Route / Frequency N/A
Mechanism Of Action
Acetylcysteine acts by breaking disulfide bonds in mucoproteins, reducing mucus viscosity,
and improving expectoration. As an antioxidant, it restores glutathione levels, which is
beneficial in acetaminophen overdose and oxidative stress situations.
Desired Effect
Thin and loosen mucus in the airways (mucolytic)
Act as an antidote for acetaminophen toxicity, preventing liver damage.
Nursing Responsibilities Rationale
Monitor for signs of allergic reactions Acetylcysteine may cause hypersensitivity
(rash, anaphylaxis) reactions, espicially with IV administration.
Assess respiratory status and lung To monitor for bronchospasm, a rare but
sounds possible side effect.
Monitor blood pressure (BP) Hypotension may occur, especially with IV
administration, requiring careful monitoring.
Instruct the patient to take the drug To minimize gastrointestinal discomfort
with food if orally adminnistered (nausea and vommiting).
Encourage adequate hydration Proper hydration helps prevent kidney issues
and aids in the excretion of the drug.
Monitor liver function if used for To ensure the antidotes effectiveness in
acetaminophen toxicity protecting the liver from damage.

Generic Name CARVEDILOL

Brand Name N/A
Classification
 Therapeutic Class Alpha- Non selective beta blockers
Pharmacologic Class
Dosage / Route / Frequency 6.25 mg 1-tab OD
Mechanism Of Action
Nonselective beta blocker with alpha-blocking activity for relaxation of smooth muscle,
decreasing peripheral resistance and blood pressure.
Desired Effect
lowers blood pressure and vasodilation causing decrease heart rate
Nursing Responsibilities Rationale
Assess the patient’s vital signs, It lower blood pressure and heart rate
including blood pressure and heart significantly; baseline assessments are
rate, before administering carvedilol. essential for determining the appropriate
dosage and for monitoring the patient’s
response to the medication.
Ensure that the medication is taken as Administering with food can improve the
prescribed, typically with food. absorption of both silymarin and B vitamins
while minimizing potential gastrointestinal
side effects.
Monitor for potential side effects such Each detection of adverse effects allows for
as dizziness, hypotension, timely intervention.
bradycardia, fatigue, or
gastrointestinal disturbances.
Assess for signs and symptoms of Careful monitoring helps detect any
heart failure, such as worsening deterioration in the patient’s condition.
shortness of breath, weight gain, or
edema.
Educate the patient and the watcher Enhances understanding of the treatment plan
how the carvedilol works, and the and promotes compliance.
importance of adherence to the
prescribed regimen.

Generic Name Cefuroxime

Brand Name Ceftin
Classification
Therapeutic Class Cephalosporin Antibiotics
Pharmacologic Class
Dosage / Route / Frequency 750 mg IV q8
Mechanism Of Action
It binds to one or more of the penicillin-binding proteins, preventing the final transpeptidation
stage of peptidoglycan production in the bacterial cell wall. This interrupts cell wall
biosynthesis and slows cell wall building, resulting in bacterial cell lysis and death.
Desired Effect
This drug is given to treat bacterial infections by inhibiting the formation of the bacterial cell
wall.
Nursing Responsibilities Rationale
1. Assess for allergy to penicillin or To check cross-sensitivity that may cause
cephalosporin allergic or anaphylactic reactions.

2. Administer the medication as To ensures safe and effective delivery of the

prescribed medication

3. Check IV sites for redness, swelling, To prevent phlebitis and tissue damage at the
or pain administration site.

4. Monitor for GI side effects (nausea, These are common side effects and may
vomiting, diarrhea) require supportive care. Encourage small
frequent meal and adequate rest.
5. Educate the patient to complete the To prevent recurrence or resistance of
prescribed medications infection

Generic Name Levofloxacin

Brand Name Levoxin
Classification
Therapeutic Class Antibiotic
Pharmacologic Class
Dosage / Route / Frequency 500 mg PO
Mechanism Of Action
It promotes the breakage of DNA strands by inhibiting DNA-gyrase in susceptible organisms,
which inhibits the relaxation of supercoiled DNA.
Desired Effect
This drug is given to treat infection.
Nursing Responsibilities Rationale
Monitor patient’s blood pressure, Watch out for arrhythmias, especially in
cardiac rhythm. hypertensive heart disease.
Monitor blood sugar closely. Fluctuations may occur.
Instruct the patient to watch out for To prevent further complications.
side effects such as lightheadedness
and irregular heartbeat.
Instruct patient to complete the full To avoid antibiotic resistance.
course even if feeling better.
Encourage patient to increase oral To prevent crystalluria.
fluid intake.
Emphasized the importance of Tapering the medication can have severe side
medication adherence. effects.