Many identical point masses m are placed at x = 0, 1, 2, 4,… along the x

axis. The magnitude of gravitational force on mass at origin (x = 0), will

x=0 x=1 x=2 x=4

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
A particle of mass m is placed at a distance ‘d’ from one end of a rod of
mass M and length L as shown. Find gravitational force on particle by the
rod.

d M,L
m
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Three particles, each of mass m, are situated at the vertices of an
equilateral triangle of side ‘a’. The only forces acting on the particles are
their mutual gravitational forces. It is desired that each particle moves in
a circle while maintaining their original separation ‘a’. Determine the
initial velocity that should be given to each particle and time period of
circular motion.

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Analogy between Electrostatics and Gravitation
Find the gravitational field at point P.

Uniform rod of mass M

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
C m

𝐑
𝟐
Find field intensity at given points for given system of a spherical shell
with a particle at its centre.

𝐌
𝐑 𝟑𝐑
1. 𝐫= 2. 𝐫=
𝟐 𝟐

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐌, 𝐑
A spherical shell of mass M and radius 2R surrounds a smaller sphere of
same mass but radius R. If both spheres have common
center(concentric), then find the intensity of gravitational field at
distance r from the center for-
𝐑 𝟑𝐑
1. 𝐫= 2. 𝐫=
𝟐 𝟐

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

𝐌, 𝐑

𝐌, 𝟐𝐑
Two concentric shells of uniform density of mass M1 and M2 are situated
as shown in the figure. Find the forces experienced by a particle of mass
m when placed at positions A, B and C respectively ?

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐩
𝐀
𝐫
𝐪
𝐂
𝐌𝟏 𝐁

𝐌𝟐
The mass of the sphere before hollowing was M. With what gravitational
force will the hollowed-out lead sphere attract a small sphere of mass ‘m’
d = 2R

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 R m
Find 𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐩𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝑽𝐧𝐞𝐭 at centroid. m

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
a a

m m
a
Two particles of mass ‘m’ and ‘4m’ are placed ‘r’ distance apart. Find
gravitational potential at the point where gravitational field intensity is
zero.
m
r
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
A particle of mass M is situated at the centre of a spherical shell of same
mass and radius R. Calculate the gravitational potential at a point
situated at distance 𝐑/𝟑 from the centre.

M, R
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

M
Two concentric spherical shells of radius R1 and R2 (R2 > R1) are having
uniform distribution of masses M1 and M2 respectively. Find out
gravitational potential
(i) at point A
(ii) at surface of smaller shell (i.e. at point B)
(iii) at surface of larger shell (i.e. at point C) C
(iv) at r  R1
R2 B
(v) at R1  r  R2
(vi) at r  R2 A R
1

M1 M2

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 C
R2 B

A R
1

M1 M2
From a solid sphere of mass M and radius R, a spherical portion of radius
R/2 is removed, as shown in the figure. Taking gravitational potential
V = 0 at infinity, the potential at the centre of the cavity thus formed is :
(G = gravitational constant)
𝟐𝐆𝐌 𝟐𝐆𝐌 𝐆𝐌 𝐆𝐌
𝟏 − (𝟐) − (𝟑) − (𝟒) −
𝟑𝐑 𝐑 𝟐𝐑 𝐑

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
If the given system of three particles, each of mass m, on the vertices of
an equilateral triangle side a is to be changed to side of 2a, then find
the work done on the system.

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

2a 2a
a a

2a
Relation between gravitational potential and field

∆𝐕 = − න𝐄 . 𝐝𝐫Ԧ

𝛛𝐕 A
E= −
𝛛𝐫
m Eg

𝐄 = −𝛁𝐕
dr B
𝛛𝐕 𝛛𝐕 𝛛𝐯
𝐄=− 𝐢Ƹ − 𝐣Ƹ − መ
𝐤
𝛛𝐱 𝛛𝐲 𝛛𝐳
 𝐊
Find potential at 𝐫 if 𝐄𝐠 = taking reference at infinity.
𝐫𝟑

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Find gravitational field at a point (x, y, z) if
(i) V = x2y + y2z
(ii) V = 2x2 + 3y2 + zx

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Find gravitational potential at a point (x, y) if 𝐄𝐠 = 𝟐𝐲𝐢Ƹ + 𝟐𝐱𝐣Ƹ

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Find PE of given system.
m m

m
m

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝒓 m
m
𝒓
m m