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Closing Error Final

The document explains the concept of Closing Error in surveying, which is the ratio of the distance a survey fails to close to the perimeter of the surveyed tract. It details the definitions of latitude and departure, provides formulas for calculating these values, and includes examples of survey lines with their respective lengths and bearings. Additionally, it describes the Compass Rule for adjusting latitude and departure to achieve true distances and bearings in a traverse survey.

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104 views29 pages

Closing Error Final

The document explains the concept of Closing Error in surveying, which is the ratio of the distance a survey fails to close to the perimeter of the surveyed tract. It details the definitions of latitude and departure, provides formulas for calculating these values, and includes examples of survey lines with their respective lengths and bearings. Additionally, it describes the Compass Rule for adjusting latitude and departure to achieve true distances and bearings in a traverse survey.

Uploaded by

mynjqdvjzz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Closing Error

The ratio of distance by which a survey fails to close


to the perimeter of the tract surveyed is termed as
Closing Error.
E F

D C A
A
B
Closing Error
Latitude and Departure
Latitude:
Latitude is the projection of line which lies in
north-south direction
Departure:
Departure is the projection of line which lies in
the east-west direction.
Closing Error
Latitude and Departure
N N
B
Bearing + Latitude + Latitude
Latitude - Departure + Departure

W A E W E
- Latitude - Latitude
Departure - Departure + Departure

S S
Reference: https://civilcrews.com/trvrs-srvy-ld-dp-err/#:~:text=The%20ratio%20of%20distance%20by,is%20termed%20as%20Closing%20Error.
Closing Error
Latitude and Departure
N
Derivation of formulas:
B
α
cos(α) =
Latitude
Lat A-B = AB cos(α)
W A E
Departure sin(α) =

Dep A-B = AB sin(α)


S
Closing Error
Latitude and Departure
N N

B
α
Latitude Departure
A
W E W E
A
Latitude
Departure α

S S
Closing Error
Latitude and Departure
Example:
LINE Length Bearing
A-B 130 S 88° E
B-C 158 S 6° E
C-D 145 S 40° W
D-E 308 N 81° W
E-A 337 N 48° E
Closing Error
Latitude and Departure
LINE Length Bearing
A-B 130 S 88° E
Solution:
LatA-B = AB cos α
LatA-B = 130 cos 88
LatA-B = -4. 54

DepA-B = AB sin α
DepA-B = 130 sin 88
DepA-B = 129.92
Closing Error
Latitude and Departure
LINE Length Bearing
B-C 158 S 6° E
Solution:
LatB-C = BC cos α
LatB-C = 158 cos 6
LatB-C = - 157.13

DepB-C = BC sin α
DepB-C = 158 sin 6
DepB-C = 16.52
Closing Error
Latitude and Departure
LINE Length Bearing
C-D 145 S 40° W
Solution:
LatC-D = CD cos α
LatC-D = 145 cos 40
LatC-D = - 111.08

DepC-D = CD sin α
DepC-D = 145 sin 40
DepC-D = - 93.20
Closing Error
Latitude and Departure
LINE Length Bearing
D-E 308 N 81° W
Solution:
LatD-E = DE cos α
LatD-E = 308 cos 81
LatD-E = 48.18

DepD-E = DE sin α
DepD-E = 308 sin 81
DepD-E = - 304.21
Closing Error
Latitude and Departure
LINE Length Bearing
E-A 337 N 48° E
Solution:
LatE-A = EA cos α
LatE-A = 337 cos 48
LatE-A = 225.50

DepE-A = EA sin α
DepE-A = 337 sin 48
DepE-A = 250.44
Closing Error

LINE Length Bearing LATITUDE DEPARTURE


A-B 130 S 88° E - 4. 54 129.92
B-C 158 S 6° E - 157.13 16.52
C-D 145 S 40° W - 111.08 - 93.20
D-E 308 N 81° W 48.18 - 304.21
E-A 337 N 48° E 225.50 250.44
Closing Error
Traverse Adjustment:
1. Compass Rule
The compass or bow ditch rule which has named after the
distinguished American navigator Nathaniel bow ditch (1773-
1838)

The compass rule may be stated as follows: the correction to


be applied to the latitude or departure of any course is equal
to the total closure of latitude or departure , multiplied by the
ratio of the length of the course to the total length or
perimeter of the traverse
Closing Error
Traverse Adjustment:
1. Compass Rule
These correction are given by the following equations.
Cl= CL Cd=CD

Where:
Cl = correction to be applied to the latitude of any course
Cd = correction to be applied to the departure of any course
CL = total closure in latitude or the algebraic sum of the north and south latitudes
(∑NL+∑ED)
CD = total closure in departure or the algebraic sum of the east and west departures
(∑ED+∑WD)
d = length of any closure
D= total length or perimeter of the traverse
Closing Error
Traverse Adjustment:
1. Compass Rule
To get the True Bearing and True distance
N
True Distance:
B
Corrected α
AB2 = LatCor2 + DepCor2
Latitude AB = LatCor2 + DepCor2
W A E
True Bearing:
Corrected Dep
Departure tan α = Lat Cor
Cor
Dep
α = tan-1 Lat Cor
S Cor
Closing Error
Example:

LINE Length Bearing LATITUDE DEPARTURE


A-B 130 S 88° E - 4. 54 129.92
B-C 158 S 6° E - 157.13 16.52
C-D 145 S 40° W - 111.08 - 93.20
D-E 308 N 81° W 48.18 - 304.21
E-A 337 N 48° E 225.50 250.44
Closing Error
Example:
Solution: (Sum)
LINE Length Bearing LATITUDE DEPARTURE
A-B 130 S 88° E - 4. 54 129.92
B-C 158 S 6° E - 157.13 16.52
C-D 145 S 40° W - 111.08 - 93.20
D-E 308 N 81° W 48.18 - 304.21
E-A 337 N 48° E 225.50 250.44
SUM 1078 0.93 -0.53
Closing Error
Solution: (Correction)

LINE Length Bearing LATITUDE DEPARTURE


A-B 130 S 88° E - 4. 54 129.92
SUM 1078 0.93 -0.53

Cl(A-B) = CL
Cl(A-B) = 0.93
Cl(A-B) = 0.1122

Cd(A-B) = CD
Cd(A-B) = 0.53
CdA-B) = 0.0639
Closing Error
Solution: (Correction)

LINE Length Bearing LATITUDE DEPARTURE


B-C 158 S 6° E - 157.13 16.52
SUM 1078 0.93 -0.53

Cl(B-C) = CL
Cl(B-C) = 0.93
Cl(B-C) = 0.1363

Cd(B-C) = CD
Cd(B-C) = 0.53
Cd(B-C) = 0.0777
Closing Error
Solution:(Correction)

LINE Length Bearing LATITUDE DEPARTURE


C-D 145 S 40° W - 111.08 - 93.20
SUM 1078 0.93 -0.53

Cl(C-D) = CL
Cl(C-D) = 0.93
Cl(C-D) = 0.1251

Cd(C-D) = CD
Cd(C-D) = 0.53
Cd(C-D) = 0.0713
Closing Error
Solution:(Correction)

LINE Length Bearing LATITUDE DEPARTURE


D-E 308 N 81° W 48.18 - 304.21
SUM 1078 0.93 -0.53

Cl(D-E) = CL
Cl(D-E) = 0.93
Cl(D-E) = 0.2657

Cd(D-E) = CD
Cd(D-E) = 0.53
Cd(D-E) = 0.1514
Closing Error
Solution:(Correction)

LINE Length Bearing LATITUDE DEPARTURE


E-A 337 N 48° E 225.50 250.44
SUM 1078 0.93 -0.53

Cl(E-A) = CL
Cl(E-A) = 0.93
Cl(E-A) = 0.2907

Cd(E-A) = CD
Cd(E-A) = 0.53
Cd(E-A) = 0.1657
Closing Error
Solution: (LatCor & DepCor)
LINE Length Bearing LAT DEP Cl Cd LatCor DepCor
A-B 130 S 88° E - 4. 54 129.92 - 0.11 0.06 -4.65 129.98
B-C 158 S 6° E - 157.13 16.52 - 0.14 0.08 -157.27 16.6
C-D 145 S 40° W - 111.08 - 93.20 - 0.13 0.07 -111.21 -93.13
D-E 308 N 81° W 48.18 - 304.21 - 0.26 0.15 47.92 -304.06
E-A 337 N 48° E 225.50 250.44 - 0.29 0.17 225.21 250.61
SUM 1078 0.93 -0.53 -0.93 0.53 0 0
Closing Error
Solution: (True Distance and True Bearing)
LINE Length Bearing LAT DEP Cl Cd LatCor DepCor
A-B 130 S 88° E - 4. 54 129.92 - 0.11 0.06 -4.65 129.98

A-BTD= LatCor2 + DepCor2


A-BTD= (−4.65)2 + (129.98)2

A-BTD= 130.06

DepCor
αA-B = tan-1
LatCor
129.98
αA-B = tan-1
4.65
αA-B = 87.95°
Closing Error
Solution: (True Distance and True Bearing)
LINE Length Bearing LAT DEP Cl Cd LatCor DepCor
B-C 158 S 6° E - 157.13 16.52 - 0.14 0.08 -157.27 16.6

B-CTD= LatCor2 + DepCor2


B-CTD= (−157.27)2 + (16.6)2

B-CTD= 158.14

DepCor
αB-C = tan-1
LatCor
16.6
αB-C = tan-1
157.27
αB-C = 6.03°
Closing Error
Solution: (True Distance and True Bearing)
LINE Length Bearing LAT DEP Cl Cd LatCor DepCor
C-D 145 S 40° W - 111.08 - 93.20 - 0.13 0.07 -111.21 -93.13

C-DTD= LatCor2 + DepCor2


C-DTD= (−111.21)2 + (−93.13)2

C-DTD= 145.05

DepCor
αC-D = tan-1
LatCor
93.13
αC-D = tan-1
111.21
αC-D = 39.94°
Closing Error
Solution: (True Distance and True Bearing)
LINE Length Bearing LAT DEP Cl Cd LatCor DepCor
D-E 308 N 81° W 48.18 - 304.21 - 0.26 0.15 47.92 -304.06

D-ETD= LatCor2 + DepCor2


D-ETD= (47.92)2 + (−304.06)2

D-ETD= 307.81

DepCor
αD-E = tan-1
LatCor
304.06
αD-E = tan-1
47.92
αD-E = 81.04°
Closing Error
Solution: (True Distance and True Bearing)
LINE Length Bearing LAT DEP Cl Cd LatCor DepCor
E-A 337 N 48° E 225.50 250.44 - 0.29 0.17 225.21 250.61

E-ATD= LatCor2 + DepCor2


E-ATD= (225.21)2 + (250.61)2

E-ATD= 336.93

DepCor
αE-A = tan-1
LatCor
250.61
αE-A = tan-1
225.21
αE-A = 48.06°
Closing Error
Solution: (Final Answer)

LINE True True


Length Bearing
A-B 130.06 S 87.95° E
B-C 158.14 S 6.03° E
C-D 145.05 S 39.94° W
D-E 307.81 N 81.04° W
E-A 336.93 N 48.06° E

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