NAME: FIZZAMEHMOOD
CLASS: DPT 2ND YEAR
BATCH: 9C
ENROLLMENT NO: 5-4/2019/031
SEMESTER: 3
SUBJECT: ANATOMY (assignment)
CLASSIFICATION OF CRANIAL NERVES:
SENSORY CRANIAL MOTOR CRANIAL MIXED NERVES
NERVES NERVES
Contain Only sensory Contain only Motor Contain both sensory
Fibers: Fibers: and motor Fibers:
1. Olfactory Nerve 1. Oculomotor nerve 1. Trigeminal nerve
2. Optic nerve 2. Trochlear nerve 2. Facial nerve
3. Vestibulocochlear 3. Abducent nerve 3. Glossopharyngeal
Nerve 4. Accessory nerve nerve
5. Hypoglossal nerve 4. Vagus nerve
LOCATION , NUCLEI AND FUNCTION OF CRANIAL NERVES:
NERVES LOCATION FUNCTION NUCLEI EMERGEN
CE
The olfactory originate from Convey the sense of Olfactory bulb Cribriform
nerve (CN I) the cerebrum.(ca smell to central plate of
(ant cranial ual surface of nervous system ethmoid bone
fossa) olfactory bulb)
optic nerve originate from Transmit visual Lateral genicular Optic canal
(CN II) middle optic stalk in 7th stimuli from retina nucleus
week, present in of eye and are in
thecerebrum. charge of vision
The Mid brain Controls the Oculomotor nucleus Superior
oculomotor Originate from movement of eye Edinger westphat orbital fissure
nerve (III). oculomotor nucleus
middle nucleus
trochlear nerve Mid brain( only The trochlear Trochlear nucleus Superior
(IV) nerve which exit nerve supplies one orbital fissure
from posterior muscle: the
midbrain) superior oblique.
Trigeminal Pons (ganglion) The ophthalmic and 1Spinal nuclei Superior
nerve (V). Brainstem maxillary are 2Sensory nuclei orbital fissure
(middle cranial Branches: sensory where as 3Motor nuclei Foramen
fossa) mandible supplies 4Mesenphelic nuclei rotundum
Op: frontal, motor as well as
Opthalmic: lacrimal,nasocili sensory: activates Foramen
ary. the mucles of ovale
Maxillary: Max: zygomatic, mastication,
pterygopalatine, supplies face and
alveolar scalp.
Mandibular: Man:buccal,
lingyal,
temporal,
pterygoid,
massetric,
auriculotemporal
, meningeal
Abducens Under neath the Supply the lateral Abducens nucleus Superior
nerve (CN VI) facial colliculus rectus muscle and orbital fissure
at the upper floor moves the eyeball.
of 4th ventricle
(pons)
Facial nerve Posterior to 6th Motor: muscles of [Link] motor Stylomastoid
(CN VII) CN (Pontine- facial exp,auricular nucleus foramen,
(posterior medulla muscles, stapeius, [Link] Hiatus of
cranial junction) post belly of [Link] greater
fossa)then Lower pons digastric petrosal
Sensory: ant 2/3 of nerve: branch
internal tongue of facial nerve
acoustic Para:sublingual,
meatus submandibular,
lacrimal, nasal.
Vestibulocochl Pontine-medulla responsible for Vestibular nuclei internal
ear nerve (CN junction (lateral both hearing and Cochlear nuclei acoustic
VIII) post to facial nerve) balance and brings meatus
cranial fossa information from
the inner ear to the
brain.
Glossopharyng [Link] to Main motor nucleus Juglar
eal nerve (CN reticular ▪ Motor Supply Inferior salivatory foramen,
IX) post formation ▪ Stylopharyngeus nucleus Hiatus of
cranial fossa (motor) Muscle Nucleus of tractus lesser
solitaries/sensory petrosal
▪ Sensory Supply nerve: branch
[Link] ▪ Taste sensation of
to motor nucleus from Posterior 1/3rd glossopharyge
(inferior sal) of Tongue al.
[Link] to inf ▪ Taste sensation
salivatory from soft palate
▪ Pressure sensation
(tractus)
from Carotid Sinus
Overall: medulla ▪ Secretory
Posteriolateral Functions
sulcus ▪ Salivation from
Parotid Gland
Vagus nerve Medulla The vagus Main motor Juglar
(CN X) oblongata nerve helps to nucleus. foramen
Post cranial Posteriolateral regulate many Dorsal nucleus of
fossa sulcus critical aspects of vagus/parasympath
(occipital) human physiology, etic.
including the heart Sensory/Nucleus of
rate, blood tractus solitaries
pressure,
(lower part)
sweating,
digestion, and
even speaking.
Accessory Beneath the provides motor Spinal accessory Juglar
nerve (CN XI) hypoglossal control of the nucleus foramen
Posterior triangle. sternocleidomastoi Nucleus ambiguus
cranial fossa medulla. d and trapezius
posteriolateral muscles.
(occipital)
sulcus
Hypoglossal Medulla provides motor co Hypoglossal nucleus Hypoglossal
Nerve (CN oblongata ntrol of the canal
XII) Anterior to the extrinsic muscles o
Post cranial olive, f the tongue
fossa (occipital ventrolateral except the
palatoglossus
bone) sulcus
muscle.
TRANSVERSE SECTION OF SPINAL CORD SHOWING ASCENDING AND
DESCENDING TRACTS:
FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF CEREBRAL CORTEX:
FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF FRONTAL LOBE:
1. Primary motor area: Occupies the precentral gyrus extending over the superior
border of paracentral lobule Brodmann’s area 4 Controls the voluntary movements of the
opposite side of the body.
2. Secondary motor area ( Premotor area): Occupies the anterior part of
precentral gyrus and posterior parts of superior , middle, inferior frontal gyrus.
Brodmann’s area 6,8,44,45 It programs the activity of primary motor area and helps in
generating muscular movements to perform specific task
3. Frontal eye field area: Occupies the central part of middle frontal gyrus Brodmann’s
area 6,8,9 It controls the voluntary conjugate movements of the eye.
4. Motor speech area of Broca: Located between anterior and ascending ramus (
Triangular part) and ascending and posterior ramus ( opercular part) of lateral sulcus in
inferior frontal gyrus. Brodmann’s area 44,45 Present in only dominant hemisphere.
Bring about the formation of words.
5. Prefrontal cortex: Consists of greater parts of superior ,middle and inferior frontal
gyrus, the orbital gyrus, most of the medial frontal gyrus and anterior half of cingulate
gyrus. Brodmann’s area 9,10,11,12 It is concerned with the make up of individual
personality. it also influences judgments and initiatives.
FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF PARIETAL LOBE:
1. Primary somesthetic area (Primary somatic sensory cortex): Occupies the
postcentral gyrus and the posterior part of paracentral lobule. Brodmann’s area 1,2,3
Recieves somatosensory inputs from thalamus of the contralateral side of the body.
2. Secondary somesthetic area ( Secondary somatic sensory cortex): Lowest
part of postcentral sulcus. Functional significance is not well understood but it is believed
that it interpret the sensory inputs from primary somesthetic area correlates it with past
memory and try to make a sense out of it.
3. Somesthetic association area: It occupies the superior parietal lobule. Brodmann’s
area 5,7 It correlates the sensory inputs coming from different sensory area and interpret
it.
FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF OCCIPITAL LOBE:
1. Primary visual area: Occupies posterior part of calcarine sulcus. Brodmann’s area
17 Receives fibers from lateral geniculate body.
2. Secondary visual area: Surround the primary visual area Relate the visual
information received from primary visual area with past experience and interpret it.
3. Occipital eye field: Located within the secondary visual area involved in conjugate
involuntary movement of eyes.
FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF TEMPORAL LOBE:
1. Primary auditory area: occupies the inferior wall of lateral sulcus in superior temporal
gyrus Brodmann’s area 41,42 Receives fibers from medial geniculate body and involve in
reception of sound.
2. Secondry auditory area: Surround the primary auditory area. Brodmann area 22
Interpret sound.
3. Sensory speech area of wernicke: Occupies the posterior part of superior temporal
gyrus and inferior part of parietal lobe. Permits the understanding of written and spoken
language.
GYRI and SULCI:
The arcuate fasciculus connects two important areas for language use, Broca's
area and Wernicke's area.
FRONTAL LOBE:
Divides into 4 gyri by 3 sulcus:
1. Precental gyrus by precentral sulcus.
2. Superior,
3. Middle,
4. and Inferior frontal gyrus by Superior and Inferior frontal sulcus.
PARIETAL LOBE:
Divides into 3 Gyri by 2 sulcus:
1. Postcentral gyrus by postcentral sulcus.
2. Superior parietal lobule,
3. And inferior parietal lobule by Intraparietal sulcus.
TEMPORAL LOBE:
Divided into 3 gyri by 2 sulcus:
1. Superior temporal gyri,
2. Middle temporal gyri,
3. Inferior temporal gyri by Superior and Middle temporal sulci.
OCCIPITAL LOBE:
Divides into 2 gyri:
1. Superior and Inferior gyri by Lateral occipital sulcus.
2. Lunate sulcus: Separates these gyri from occipital lobe.
THANK YOU
