Case nº:

THERAPEUTIC
MODALITIES

JO1 RICA MAY M ABAN RCrim CSP MSCJ (i)

Case nº:

TCMP BJMP
TCMP in the BJMP

● Therapeutic Community Modality Program (TCMP) is

recognized as the backbone program of the BJMP
for inmate development and is being implemented
in the majority of the jails nationwide.
TCMP in the BJMP

● Therapeutic Community Modality Program (TCMP) is

recognized as the backbone program of the BJMP
for inmate development and is being implemented
in the majority of the jails nationwide.
TCMP CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

● Therapeutic Community Modality Program (TCMP)

has four (4) INTERCONNECTED DEVELOPMENT ASPECTS
○ Behavior Management
○ Emotional and Psychological
○ Intellectual and Spiritual
○ Vocational and Survival Skills
TC PHILOSOPHY

I am here is no refuge finally, from myself.

Until I confront myself in the eyes and hearts of others,
I am running,
Until I suffer them to share my secrets,
I have no safety from them.
Afraid to be known,
I can know neither myself nor any other,
I will be alone.
Where else but in our common ground can I see such a mirror?
TC PHILOSOPHY

Here, together, I can at last appear clearly to myself, not as

the giant of my dreams nor the dwarf of my fears, but as a
person, part of the whole, with my share in its purpose.

In this ground, I can take root and grow, not alone anymore,
as in death but alive to myself and to others.
CARDINAL RULES IN TC

1. No sex or sexual acting out

2. No drugs or alcohol
3. No violence or threat of violence
4. No stealing
PHASES OF TREATMENT

1. PHASE I- Entry/Orientation Phase

2. PHASE II- Primary Treatment
3. PHASE III- Pre-entry
4. PHASE 1V- Re-entry
5. PHASE V- Aftercare
WHAT IS AFTERCARE?

Aftercare is an outpatient program that requires

clients to report twice a week to an outreach
center. They are required to attend group
sessions to ensure their adjustment to life
outside jail to reduce recidivism.
BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT
The Behavior Management is a component of Therapeutic
Community Modality Program (TCMP) that introduces the
concept and mechanics of the various shaping tools to
include Morning Meeting in order to facilitate the
management of and shape the behavior of the residents.
This shows the essential elements and significance of
the tools which would provide the community common
language, increase cohesiveness and adapt to the moral
and behavioral code of tools application.
TOOLS OF BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT
1. Pre-Morning Meeting
2. Morning Meeting
3. Talk to
4. Pull-up
5. Dealt with
6. Hair-cut
7. Learning Experience/Bans
8. General Meeting
9. Expulsion
WHAT IS PRE-MORNING MEETING?
Pre-Morning Meeting is done early in the morning prior to
the Morning Meeting. Senior members of the community will
meet for about fifteen (15) minutes to discuss the attitude
of house the previous day. The group will agree on the
theme or concept of the day. This is to make sure that
everything is ironed out prior to the conduct of Morning
Meeting such as validation of pull-ups and other concerns.
WHAT IS MORNING MEETING?
Morning Meeting is a daily ritual that starts the day in
the TC facility. It is attended by the whole community and
lasts for an hour. It commences with Opening Prayer,
Singing of National Anthem and recitation of the TC
Philosophy.
PARTS OF THE MORNING MEETING
1. COMMUNITY ANNOUNCEMENT/CONCERNS
a. Opening Prayer
b. Singing of National Anthem
c. TC Philosophy (Adopted Translation)
d. Announcements
e. Community Concerns
i. Pull-ups/Elaboration
[Link]
f. Concept of the Day
g. Verse of the Day
PARTS OF THE MORNING MEETING
2. UP-RITUALS
h. News casting (Local, National, International, Sports
and Weather News)
i. Entertainment
j. Community Singing (Any song that has relation to the
Concept of the Day)
k. Greetings
WHAT IS TALK TO?
A “Talk To” is an outright correction done by any member
of the TC community to another member who has done a minor
infraction but is not aware of it. It is a friendly
reminder/advice about an unacceptable behavior and must be
done privately. During the Talk To, the resident is made
aware of his/her negative behavior and the result it may have
on others and the environment.
WHAT IS PULL UP?
A Pull-up is done as a result of lack, missed or lapses
in awareness in a resident. All the members of the community
are responsible to pull minor infractions done by the
[Link] encourages honesty, demeanor awareness and owning up
to one’s mistakes. This is done when the violator is unknown
and must be validated first prior to bringing up in the
Morning Meeting.
WHAT IS DEALT WITH?
Dealt With is done when negative behaviors or infractions
to the House Rules/Norms are done for the second time of same
offense by a resident. A panel of three composed of a senior
resident, peer and a friend are tasked to deliver a serious
and stern reprimand to the subjected resident.
WHAT IS HAIRCUT?
Haircut is done when negative behaviors or infractions to
the House Rules/Norms in same offense are done for the third
time or more or for first time grave offenses. It is a
carefully planned and structured verbal reprimand given by
the staff with four other resident. The tone is more serious
and can be loud, more harsh and exaggerated.
WHAT IS LEARNING EXPERIENCE?
A Learning Experience is an action or activity given to a
resident who was subjected to Haircut and General Meeting who
did an infraction to correct or modify a behavior. LE should
be done in a way that would remind the person of the negative
attitude he has done with compromising his human dignity. The
intent of the LE is not to stigmatize the person but to
motivate him to make restitutions for the wrong doings he
committed and redeem himself in the community.
WHAT IS BANS?
Bans are sanctions to members who commit repeatedly
infractions or violation to the Cardinal Rules by
prohibiting, disallowing or limiting an activity or
affiliation to a group.
Privileges limited should have impact but must not limit
individual ability to meet personal hygiene, nutritional and
emotional needs. A resident subjected to Banks must be first
processed in a General Meeting called for the purpose
WHAT IS GENERAL MEETING?
A repeated breach to the Cardinal Rules necessitates a
General Meeting. Such issue should be discussed with the
community to the point out to the violator the negative
effect the behavior had on the community.
WHAT IS EXPULSION?
In extreme cases, when a resident is incorrigible and
becomes a threat to the community, the Director with the
recommendation of the Disciplinary Board may transfer him/her
to the nearest jail facility with an appropriate Court Order.
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECTS
BJMP residents who are detained are basically
psychologically and emotionally challenged. This topic
tackles the discussion on the therapeutic value of
processing of feelings which does not only lie on how
freely one expresses them but more so on the person’s
ability to identify, acknowledge, and express them
appropriately.
WHAT IS COUNSELING?
Counseling is defined as a professional activity of
helping individuals, groups or communities enhance or
restore their capacity for psychological, emotional and
social functioning and creating an environment
favorable for the attainment of these goals.
PSYCHOLOGICAL SKILLS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF
COUNSELING
1. Empathy- is ability to perceive the client’s feelings
and to demonstrate accurate perception of the client.
Its merely “putting oneself in the client’s shoes”.

1. Warmth- is also called “unconditional positive regard”.

It involves accepting and caring about client as a
person, regardless of any evaluation or prejudices on
the client’s behavior or thoughts.
PSYCHOLOGICAL SKILLS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF
COUNSELING
3. Respect- is our belief in the client’s ability to make
appropriate decisions and deal appropriately with his or
her life situation, when given a safe and supportive
environment in which to do so. It is often showed best by
not offering advice or cheap comfort. A similar term for
this is “empowerment” as the counselor likewise
demonstrates that he values integrity of the client.
PSYCHOLOGICAL SKILLS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF
COUNSELING
4. Congruence- or genuineness is being honest and authentic in
dealing with the client. It is showing real concern rather than
focusing on techniques during sessions. It is also being aware of
the counselor’s own unmet needs and how it may affect his
relationship with the client.
5. Confidentiality- means that anything discussed during counseling
sessions is held absolutely private and not to be discussed
anywhere. This contract should held sacred so as to maintain the
client’s trust and enable him to disclose sensitive matters to the
counselor without fear of any breach of confidentiality.
WHAT IS INITIAL INTERVIEW/INTAKE INTERVIEW?
The Intake Interview in jail setting is done by a
counselor to newly admitted resident and provide
information about the program and what the expectations
are on both parties. Full honest disclosure is expected
on the resident to elicit adequate and elaborate
information and come up with the proper treatment plan.
WHAT IS STATIC GROUP?
The Static Group is a permanent group of peers and
leaders that meet regularly while the residents are in
treatment. It is a sort of “home” group who provides
support for one another and to the new members of the
community. This is designed to provide a forum for
self-expression and disclosure. It focuses on group
relationship and patterns of behavior.
WHAT IS PEER CONFRONTATION GROUP?
The group participants in peer Confrontation group
are selected by the staff and group according to peers
like adult members will go with the same date of entry
in the facility and same goes with the middle and young
members.
It is done in a more compassionate way where each
resident try to help one another. Participants confront
each other on what they do for themselves while in the
facility and ask how they are coping with it.
WHAT IS SECRET?
Secrets are a group where participants are given the
opportunity to unload emotional baggage and thus
experience freedom from internal psychological
conflicts.
It promotes trust among the participants knowing
that each will reveal his utmost secrets to the group.
It also aims to deepen mutual respect among the
participants.
WHAT IS ENCOUNTER GROUPS?
The Encounter Group serves as a “safety valve” within
the community which is usually high pressured and
structured. It is a forum for members of the community to
verbally express pent-up or negative emotions within a
structured and safe environment without resorting to
violence or aggression and without fear of reprisal. The
primary goal of an encounter group is to raise awareness
of behaviors and explore the underlying feelings that led
to such negative emotions.
FLOW OF ENCOUNTER GROUPS
1. Confrontation- This phase involves verbalization of
concerns or honest disclosure of emotions that has been
provoked during interpersonal interactions with another
resident. This phase consist mainly of exchange of verbal
expressions of emotions as a way of release.
2. Exploration- In this phase, all the feelings that were
expressed are further examined and explored and find out
how it could have resulted in such way in order to evoke
awareness on the connection of behavior, feelings and
attitude.
FLOW OF ENCOUNTER GROUPS
3. Resolution and Commitment- He then goes on to make
commitments to avoid such occurrence in the future. Such
commitment made by residents will be monitored to make sure
that they are being put to practice to avoid lapses.

4. Socialization- The purpose is to achieve closure, reaffirm

relationship and maintain the unity of the community so that
all those involved can move on and leave the past behind.
WHAT IS EXTENDED GROUP?
The Extended Groups are usually composed of 5-12
residents and is being facilitated by 2 highly trained
staff members. It focuses on the “here and now” but allows
a deeper exploration of issues that affects new behavior.
Special subjects may be the focus such as sexuality,
trauma etc.
INTELLECTUAL AND SPIRITUAL COMPONENTS
The Intellectual and Spiritual Component hopes to
enhance the spiritual and intellectual dimensions of
the residents by providing opportunities for them to
develop self-worth and productivity.
SPIRITUAL IN TC
Spiritual is any action or activity that reflects
or brings out the goodness in a man. Spirituality in
TCMP is designed to respond to the inner longing of
residents to find greater faith where they can anchor
themselves within their struggle to find meaning to
their existence.
INTELLECTUAL IN TC
Intellectual component on the other hand responds
to the natural human characteristics of yearning for
knowledge in order to attain a higher level of
understanding.
THE TC PHILOSOPHY
The TC Philosophy is recited daily during the
Morning Meeting. It embodies all the challenges and
aspirations of most residents who feel alienated and
the desire to overcome the imposed limitations on
their freedom and find their own place where they
could feel safe and welcome.
THE TC PHILOSOPHY
1. SURRENDER
● “I am here because there is no refuge, finally from
myself”
2. SELF-DISCLOSURE
● “Until I confront myself in the eyes and hearts of
others, I running. Until I suffer them to share my
secrets, I have no safety from them. Afraid to be
known, I can neither know myself or any other; I
will be alone.
THE TC PHILOSOPHY
3. REFLECTION
● “Where else but in our common ground can I find
such a mirror?”
4. SELF-REALIZATION
● “Here together, I can appear clearly to myself, not
as the giant of my dreams not the dwarf of my
fears, but as a person's, pat of the whole with my
share in its purpose”
THE TC PHILOSOPHY
5. GROWTH
● “In this ground, I can take root and grow”
4. SELF-WORTH
● “Not alone anymore as in death, but alive to myself
and to others”
THE TC UNWRITTEN PHILOSOPHY
The unwritten philosophy of TC consists of
slogans or aphorisms that are verbally given to the residents
to impart the beliefs and values of TC in relations to their
day to day living. These sayings are used to remind the
residents as to what are considered important to them.
THE TC UNWRITTEN PHILOSOPHY
1. HONESTY
○ This virtue points out the importance of truth and its
relevance to recovery.
2. RESPONSIBLE LOVE AND CONCERN
○ Bonded by trust and confidence, the residents know that
mistakes need to be corrected if the aim is to bring the
other towards behavioral change.
3. TO BE AWARE IS TO BE ALIVE
○ Residents learn to be conscious of what is going on in the
environment. In TC minor attitudes are engrossed to prevent
major attitudinal problems to arise.
THE TC UNWRITTEN PHILOSOPHY
4. TRUST IN YOUR ENVIRONMENT
○ He will learn to accept the program and use its tools to
evoke changes in himself.
5. BE CAREFUL WHAT YOU ASK FOR, YOU MIGHT JUST GET IT
○ Man by nature is ambitious. We never get contented with what
we have. We should learn to appreciate what we have and use
it to better ourselves.
6. NO FREE LUNCH
○ Change will not come if we will just wait for it to happen.
We have to make it happen.
THE TC UNWRITTEN PHILOSOPHY
7. YOU CAN’T KEEP IT UNLESS YOU CAN GIVE IT AWAY
○ Knowledge or learning is better appreciated if shared with
others. Something becomes valuable if used to help others
make positive changes in their lives. Helping others help us
in the process as we start to feel good about ourselves.
8. WHAT GOES AROUND COMES AROUND
○ We should always be mindful of our actions as they are
parameters of how we will be judged in the end.
9. ACT AS IF
○ This philosophy teaches the residents to go with the flow as
a way of compliance.
THE TC UNWRITTEN PHILOSOPHY
10. UNDERSTAND RATHER THAN BE UNDERSTOOD
○ Understand other is a virtue because it speaks of humility
and patience. If we take the first step to know where
others coming from, there would be lesser conflicts in
relationships.
11. PERSONAL GROWTH BEFORE VESTED STATUS
○ Sometimes, we become so wrapped up in our own status or
positions in life that we tend to forget to develop
relationships with the people around us. We should cultivate
our personal abilities before we scale the ladder to
success.
THE TC UNWRITTEN PHILOSOPHY
12. COMPENSATION IS VALID
○ A reward for working hard is well deserved. We get what we
put into.
13. FORGIVENESS
○ To accept what has been done, move on and get over the hurt
and anger give us a feeling of inner peace and happiness.
14. HUMILITY
○ To humble oneself before others is a laudable virtue. We are
often developed by pride that it is difficult for us to
lower ourselves and admit our inadequacies and limitations.
THE TC UNWRITTEN PHILOSOPHY
15. YOU ALONE CAN DO IT, BUT YOU CAN’T DO IT ALONE
○ We should learn to reach out for help and admit our
weaknesses.
16. PRIDE IN QUALITY
○ We should always seek for quality in our work. The product
of our labor speaks of our attitude towards life in general.
17. FEELINGS DON’T THINK
○ Everything starts in the mind. If we think before we act,
chances are, we will behave with contempt as we have
analyzed the process before the action.
THE TC UNWRITTEN PHILOSOPHY
18. GUILT KILLS
○ It is a feeling of shame and self-blame. If a guilt feeling
remains unresolved, it can be turned inwards, thus resulting
to self-inflicted harm.
19. HANG TOUGH
○ In every problem is a solution. Every problem is a learning
experience that would make us tougher in dealing with life’s
challenges.
THE TC UNWRITTEN PHILOSOPHY

20. YOU ARE YOUR BROTHER’S KEEPER

○ The failure of one is a failure of all. This gives the
residents a sense of responsibility in shepherding others.
The success of the program is a reflection of how one cares
for the other.
THEME/CONCEPT OF THE DAY

It refers to a word or saying that will serve as a guide for

the community to ponder upon in relation to their day to day
interactions and behaviors. It is elaborated during the
Morning Meeting by some members of the community to emphasize
its relevance and how it can stimulate the residents thoughts
and help them change their behavior into something positive.
It can also be taken from unwritten philosophies.
MEDITATION: DISCOVERING YOUR INNER SANCTUARY

The visualization meditation is used to help an individual

establish a practice of moving his attention within,
finding his place of relaxation and peace by contacting his
inner wisdom.
SEMINARS

Seminars are activities in TC that provide intellectual

stimulation and seek personal involvement among the residents.
It is a away of providing information, improving the
resident’s speaking and writing abilities and enhancing their
listening ability so as to understand all the information
being presented.
THE DEBATE

The debate is introduced to provide the residents the

opportunity to learn how to reason ably and put together
arguments in a logical manner. This also exercise on how to
listen and formulate ideas and demonstrate a broader
understanding of certain issues. It gives the participants
certain insights on others opinions which may be opposite to
their own.
THE GRAB BAG

The “Grab Bag” is a form of seminar which enhances the

residents ability to communicate, analyze ideas and develop
insights about themselves with the use of identification
within inmate objects.
SATURDAY NIGHT ACTIVITIES

The activity is held every Saturday as a recreational event

purposely to instill fun, humor and entertainment after an
intense and hectic week. This gives the residents the chance
to let loose and socialize. Each static group is assigned a
specific task or presentation to develop talents among the
residents.
VOCATIONAL/SURVIVAL SKILLS
It aims not only to detain or confine residents
but also to challenge them to learn vocational skills
their re-entry to the community. Vocational
rehabilitation help the individual to become less
dependent, adapt himself and become more independent
by making positive changes.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

Anger Management- a specialized group activity

discussing issues to control anger.

Big Brother- an older member of the community tasked to

provide guidance to the newly committed residents.

Coordinator- the highest position attained by a resident

in a TC Hierarchy, who works with the staff in running
the house, implementing rules.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

Coordinator of the Day- assigned coordinator (resident)

to oversee and address the incidents, attitudes of the
house through the use of behavior shaping tools- talk
to, dealt with, haircut.

Counselor- staff member position who assists the

resident’s needs.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

Department Head- a ranking resident next to the

coordinator in the TC Hierarchy assigned to oversee,
monitor tasks to be done in particular department.

Director- the highest staff facility officer (Warden)

who has direct command to both residents and staff.

Community- the residents of the TC Family.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

General Worker- the lowest position in the TC hierarchy.

Residents- terms used for inmates who are part of the

TCMP community.

Senior Resident- a member of the TC community having the

position such as Static Group leader and its Assistant
and In charge of various special services groups.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

Expediting Team- a department that serves as police of

the community to ensure order among residents.

Friend- a resident who has the closest regard to the

other resident.

Staff- refer to jail personnel.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

House- pertains to the jail facility.

House Rules- are day to day standards that need to be

followed inside the jail facility to ensure the smooth
and orderly flow of operation.

Infractions- violation to the House Rules of the TC

Family.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Violator- a resident who commits an act in violation of
the TC/Jail Rules.

Cardinal Rules- the principal guiding rule observed by

all residents in the TC Community with heavier
corresponding consequences of his choices