Successive differentiation and Leibnitz Theorem

1. Leibnitz’s Theorem: (Statement and Proof)

Differentiate n times the equation (1 − x 2 ) y2 − xy1 + a 2 y = 0 .

2. Find the n th differential coefficients of

1  1+ x 
(i ) x 2 sin 3 x (ii ) x 2e x (iii ) x 3 cos x (iv) (v) ln(ax + b) (vi) tan −1  
x + 5x + 6  1− x 
2

3. If y = a cos(ln x ) + b sin(ln x) , show that

x 2 y2 + xy1 + y = 0, and x 2 yn + 2 + (2n + 1) xyn +1 + (n 2 + 1) yn = 0 .

4. If y = sin(a sin
−1
x) , show that (1 − x ) y2 − xy1 + a y = 0
2 2

and (1 − x ) yn + 2 − (2n + 1) xyn +1 − (n − a ) yn = 0 .

2 2 2

5. If y = cos(ln x) , prove that x 2 yn+ 2 + (2n + 1) xyn+1 + (n2 + 1) yn = 0 .

6. If y = x cos(ln x) , prove that x yn + 2 + (2n − 1) xyn +1 + (n − 2n + 2) yn = 0 .

2 2

7. If y = sin −1 x , prove that (1 − x 2 ) y2 − xy1 = 0 and

(1 − x 2 ) yn+ 2 − (2n + 1) xyn+1 − n2 yn = 0 .

−1
8. If y = (sin x) 2 , prove that
(1 − x 2 ) y2 − xy1 − 2 = 0 and (1 − x2 ) yn+2 − (2n + 1) xyn+1 − n2 yn = 0 .
−1
9. If y = (tan x) 2 , prove that ( x 2 + 1)2 y2 + 2 x( x 2 + 1) y1 = 2 .
−1 x
10. If y = ea sin , prove that (1 − x ) yn + 2 − (2n + 1) xyn +1 − (n + a ) yn = 0 .
2 2 2

11. If y = ( x 2 − 1)n , prove that ( x 2 − 1) yn+2 + 2 xyn+1 − n(n + 1) yn = 0 .

1 −1
12. If y m + y m = 2 x , prove that ( x 2 − 1) yn+2 + (2n + 1) xyn+1 + (n2 − m2 ) yn = 0 .

13. To find ( yn )0 :
 −1
(i) If y = tan x , then prove that (1 + x 2 ) yn+ 2 + 2(n + 1) xyn+1 + n(n + 1) yn = 0 , hence find
( yn ) 0 .

( )
n
(ii) If y = ln x + 1 + x 2  , then prove that ( yn + 2 )0 = −n n ( yn )0 , hence find ( yn )0
 

−1 x
(iii) If y = ea cos , prove that (1 − x 2 ) yn+ 2 − (2n + 1) xyn−1 − (n2 + a 2 ) yn = 0 . Also find ( yn )0 .

Partial Differentiation, Euler’s Theorem:

u u u
1. If u = x 2 y + y 2 z + z 2 x , show that + + = ( x + y + z )2 .
x y z

 x− y u u
2. If u = sin −1   , show that x +y =0.
 x+ y x y
 
2
x2 + y 2  u u   u u 
3. If u = , show that  −  = 4 1 − −  .
x+ y  x y   x y 

 2u  2u
5. If u = f ( x + ay ) +  ( x − ay ) , show that a 2 = .
x 2 y 2
−1
 2V  2V  2V
6. If V = ( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ) 2 , show that + + =0.
x 2 y 2 z 2
2
     −9
7. If u = ln( x + y + z − 3xyz ) , show that 
3 3 3
+ +  u= .
 x y z  ( x + y + z )2

2 z
8. If x y z = c , show at x = y = z ,
x y z
= −( y ln ey)−1 .
xy

 y x u u
9. If u = tan −1   + sin −1   , prove that x +y =0.
x  y x y

 y x  2u x 2 − y 2
10.If u = x 2 tan −1   − y 2 tan −1   , xy  0 , then prove that = .
x  y xy x 2 + y 2

u u u
11. If u = ln(tan x + tan y + tan z ) , prove that sin 2 x + sin 2 y + sin 2 z =2
x y z

3u
12. If u = e xyz , show that = (1 + 3xyz + x 2 y 2 z 2 )e xyz .
xyz
 x2 y2 z2
13. If + + = 1 , show that u x 2 + u y 2 + u z 2 = 2( xu x + yu y + zu z ) .
a 2 + u b 2 + u c 2 +u

 2u  2u 1
15. If u = f ( ) and x = r sin  , y = r cos  , show that + 2 = f ( ) + f ( ) .
x y
2
r

17. Verify Euler’s theorem for the functions:

 y x y z
(i) u = x n sin   , (ii) u = + + , (iii) u = x3 + y 3 + z 3 ,
x y z x

(iv) V = ( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 )1/2 .

 x+ y  u u 1
18. If u = sin −1   show x + y = tan u .
 x+ y x y 2
 

 x2 + y 2  u u
21. If u = sec −1   , show x + y = 2 cot u .
 x+ y  x y

 u   x  l2  y   v  l + m
2 2
23.If u = lx + my, v = mx − ly , show that     = 2 2 
,    = .
 x  y  u v l + m  v  x  y u l2

z z
24.If z = eax +by f (ax − by ) , show that b + a = 2abz .
x y

25.If u ( x, y ) is a homogeneous function of degree n , then show

 2u  2u 2  u
2
x2 + 2 xy + y = n(n − 1)u .
x 2 xy y 2

1 1
x4 + y4 u u
26.If u = , apply Euler’s theorem to find x +y .
1 1
x y
x5 + y5

x u u x
27.If u = x y 2 sin −1   + ln x − ln y , show that x +y = 6 x 4 y 2 sin −1   .
4

 y x y  y

 x + 2 y + 3z  u u u
29. If u = sin −1   show x + y + z = −3 tan u .
 x8 + y 8 + z 8  x y z
 

u u u
30.If u = f ( x − y, y − z , z − x) , prove that + + = 0.
x y z

 y   z   x 
31. If  ( x, y, z ) = 0 , show that       = −1 .
 z  x  x  y  y  z
  y−x z−x 2 u u u
32. If u = u  ,  , show that x + y2 + z2 =0.
 xy xz  x y z

 2u  2u
33. If u = f ( x, y ) and x = r cos  , y = r sin  , then transform the equation + = 0 into polar
x 2 y 2
coordinates.

1 u 1 u 1 u
45. If u = f ( 2 x − 3 y,3 y − 4 z , 4 z − 2 x ) , prove that + + =0
2 x 3 y 4 z

w w w
46. If w = f ( x, y ) where x = eu cos v, y = eu sin v ,show that y +x = e 2u
u v y

47. If z = f ( x, y ) where x = eu cos v, y = eu sin v ,show that

  f  
2
 f   f  −2u  f 
2 2 2

    + = e     +
 x   y   u   v  