Department Of Law
Subject:
History Of South Asia
Topic:
A Review Of The Chapter About
“NASEER UD DIN HUMAYUN”
Submitted By:
Ali Mustafa
Roll no: 4979 (Sec A)
Submitted To:
DR. LUBNA AKRAM
Introduction:
Title of the book: “Tareekh Guide”
Authors: Muhammad Afzal Paras & Sehrish Saleh
Publish Year: 2017
Publishers: Ilmi Book House
Pages: 977
In this book, history of the Muslims and Indians (Hindu) is clearly discussed. All the
aspect of subcontinent life are detailed very efficiently. That is why this book is officially
used as the syllabus book for M.A (Masters of arts). Subjects that are being discussed in this
book are follows;
Tareekh Hind Qadeem
Hindustan main Musalman hukmran an ki tareekh
Salateen-e-Delhi.
Tareekh-e-Ehad Mughliya.
Saltanate Mughlia ka zawal.
Tareekh-e-Punjab.
Topic of assignment is selected from the third part of this book named
“Naseer ud din Humayun”. History in this book is discussed from the 1526 to 1707.
Topic of discussed is the Mughal History about Naseer ud din Humayun (1530-1556).
All the Muglia aspect of Naseer ud din Humayun are discussed in this section from
life of Naseer ud din Humayun how he became the Mughal to his death everything is clearly
discussed and described in this section. Also how he created the pathways for other kings in
mentioned in death.
Background Info:-
The first chapter of this book discuss various aspects of different emperors and their
empires. This includes Turk Babery, Muntakhib al-Tawarikh, Akbar Nama, Iqbal Nama
Jahangir, Badshah Nama, and Maasur Alamgiri.
However the second chapter discuss the Mughal Emperor “Zaheer ud din Babar” who was
the first Mughal Emperor. Babour’s death, 1530: The situation until Babour’s death in
December 1530 was that when his son Humayun fell ill, he was declared unlikely to survive.
At that time, Babur is said to have walked around Humayun’s bed three times and prayed
to God to tell him about his son’s illness. From that time on, Humayun began to recover,
Babur’s condition gradually deteriorated, and he is said to have finally taken his last breath.
At the time of his death, Babar was barely 48 years old.
Review of the chapter: “Naseer ud din Humayun”
Naseer ud din Humayun was the second Mughal Emperor and he was Babur’s
eldest son, Naseer ud din Humayun “the Fortunate,” was the eldest son. Kamran, Askari,
and Hindal were his three brothers. In March 1508 he was born in Kabul. He was the son of
a Shia woman named Mahim Begum. Humayun learned Turkish, Arabic, and Persian as a
child. He did not develop the exactitude of a scholar as a result of his sloppy practices. His
father identified him with the country’s governance when he was a child. At the age of 20, he
was named governor of Badakhshan. He was dispatched against Hamid Khan, who was
beaten near Hissar Firoza on the eve of the Battle of Panipat in 1526. He was also there at
the Battle of Kanawha. In 1526, he was given the fief of Hissar Firoza.It was attempted to
install Mahdi Khawaja (Babur’s brother-in-law) on the throne of Agra. He was a capable
and experienced administrator. Humayun, on the other hand, has demonstrated no striking
qualities of greatness. Despite this, Humayun was successful in establishing himself on the
throne of Agra on December 30, 1530.
Humayun inherited a throne that was far from ideal. Babur had practically no time
to solidify his power and position. He inherited an ill-organized empire, an empty treasure
chest, a kingdom divided into fiefs, and an unreliable army. It was an eclectic group of
adventyres. Uzbeks and Mughals were among them, as were Indians, Afghans, Persians,
and Chaghtais. Humayun had to cope with many Khans and nobility in addition to his three
brothers’ claims. They were preoccupied with plotting against the new ruler, and many of
them did not think the kingdoms of Delhi and Agra to be beyond their reach. Humayun was
up against a slew of opponents. The Afghans were defeated at the fight of Panipat (1526)
and the battle of Panipat (1527).They were not entirely crushed, neutralized, or pacified,
though. Furthermore, they remembered their days as the country’s rulers and sought to
reclaim their position. Humayun made a genuine political blunder by being sympathetic to his
brothers. He handed Sambhal to Askari and Alwar to Hindal in accordance with his
father’s desires. He awarded Kamran the provinces of Kabul and Qandahar in
Afghanistan. Regardless, Kamran was dissatisfied. He launched an invasion on Punjab and
seized control of the entire province. Humayun did not fight Kamran and instead awarded
him the Punjab Province. Kamran gained control of the high road between Delhi and
Punjab as a result of his ownership of this crucial military asset. It was Humayun’s attempt at
suicide. He was cut off from the source where he could have gotten his new army’s recruits.
He was left with only the freshly gained realm, which he had no firm control over. Humayun
was confronted with numerous challenges, which he could have surmounted if he had used
tact and a stronger willpower. Unfortunately, he lacked such a personality. He wasn’t a man
who lived in the moment. He was unable to complete the task at hand. Following his defeat at
Kanuj at the hands of Sher Shah, Humayun crossed the Ganga and was convinced by Sher
Shah to travel to Agra. After obtaining his loot, he proceeded to Delhi, but discovered that he
was unable to keep even Delhi due to the uncertainty of receiving any solid assistance from
any sector. Humayun gathered all of his brothers and relatives in Lahore and asked for their
assistance. Kamran was the final person who was willing to assist him. Humayun was
encouraged by Mirza Haider Daghlat, Babur’s cousin, to retreat to Kashmir for a while
before organizing his forces to battle Sher Shah. Meanwhile, the Mughals learned that Sher
Shah had crossed the Beas and was on his way to Lahore. Finally, Humayun made the
decision to travel to Sindh. Humayun arrived in Rohri after enduring considerable hardships
on his trek through the Sindh River. Humayun sought assistance from the monarch of
Bhakhar, Shah Hussain Arghun, to reclaim Hindustan, but in vain. Then he attacked Thatta,
the capital of Sindh’s king, but due to intrigues, he was unable to take it, and he was forced to
flee the province. After long negotiations, Humayun and the Shah of Persia signed a treaty in
which the Shah promised to give Humayun 14,000 strong forces to enable him to conquer
Kabul and Kandhar, in exchange for Humayun promising to give Kandhar to the Shah,
propagating Shiasim in his new kingdom, and confirming the Shia faith. In order to take
Kabul and Kandhar, Humayun departed Persia with a 14,000-strong Persian army. Humayun
besieged Kandhar, beat Askari, and took control of the city. He placed Kandhar in charge of
Bairam Khan, a loyal supporter who had accompanied him throughout his exile. Humayun
then went on to conquer Kabul. Kamran put up a fight, but he, too, was vanquished in the
end. Humayun had reclaimed the throne of Delhi after a 15-year absence, but he would not
be able to enjoy the rewards of his conquests for long.
He died on January 26, 1556, after falling from the roof of his library and
breaking his head. Prince Akbar was summoned from the Punja as soon as possible. The
news of his death was kept hidden for a few days. Finally, a statement confirming Akbar’s
succession to the Delhi throne was issued. Humayun’s name means “fortunate”, yet he
turned out to be one of Delhi’s unluckiest emperors. Along with the empire, he inherited a
slew of problems for which he bore no personal blame. Humayun was a meticulous
individual. He was the best son, husband, father, and brother anyone could ask for.
Despite his brother’s, nobles’, and others’ acts of betrayal and treachery, he forgave them
time and time again. His career, however, was doomed by this virtue to a fault.
Conclusion:-
Humayun is the second Mughal emperor, the dynasty ruling North India from
the sixteenth to the nineteenth century. He is the great-grandfather of Shah Jahan, the
builder of the Taj Mahal. Heir to a new and particularly unstable empire, he will have to
fight two successive rebellions, lose his throne and will be able to reconstitute his father’s
empire only after fifteen years of progress, going from battle to battle. He will leave his son a
larger Empire than he has received, from Afghanistan to Bengal.
