History Term 3
Introduction
● NP came into power 1948
● White ppl were called Europeans
UDHR after WW2
● United nations Org formed after WW2
○ They wanted keep peace
○ Promote human rights
○ Improve living conditions
● 1948- UNO wrote UDHR (all ppl are equal and have dignity)
● What are human rights- Basic rights of ppl to live free & equal lives
Human rights in SA
● SA didn’t sign the UDHR coz they were racist & apartheid and all that
● UNO declared apartheid a “crime against humanity”
Racism
● Race doesn’t exist coz we all come from Aadam but they saying we all were monkeys altho black ppl still are
● All ppl supposedly came from Africa if we looked back 100k years ago & genes cause physical difference like
skin colour which is unimportant
Apartheid & the myth of race
● Apartheid ideology used skin to classify ppl but racism is a myth that ppl are better than others
● Apartheid means apartness. This policy divided white ppl from non whites known as
“Natives”/”Bantu”,”Coloureds” & ”Indians”
1948- National Party & Apartheid
● Racial Segregation b4 apartheid- In SA’s cities & farms, racism was carried out by whites decades b4 1948
● Land Act 1913- 13% of land for darkies and the rest for whites altho they were only 20% of the population
○ Black land- mainly east and very scattered
○ Indians & Coloured were also discriminated but not as much as black ppl
😂👉🏻🧑🏿🦲
● Other laws
○ Black ppl= can’t vote
○ Ppl had to live in different townships according to skin colour
🧑🏻 🧔🏽
○ Black ppl had to carry passes
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○ :better pay & job opportunities/ :below average pay
: Good luck cleaning my gutters
Main Apartheid Laws
● Separate Amenities Act- Public amenities e.g beaches & benches were segregated
● The suppression of communism act and the terrorism act- Banned political orgs that the NP did not like
● Bantu ED Act- Black children received shitty education
🧑🏿🦲
● Population Registration Act- Law classifying all South Africans into European, Coloureds, Indians & Africans
● Passes’ Act- ppl had to carry pass books to control movement of African workers
👰🏾 🤵🏻 🙎🏻♂️ 🙎🏿♀️🕳️🍆
● Group Areas Acts- Special Areas set aside as residential & business areas for particular races
● Mixed Marriages Act & Immorality Act- Forbade x marriage and made x illegal
Group Areas Act
● THE GAA of 1950 determined where ppl could live. White people lived in suburbs close to business areas of the
🧑🏿🦲
city while black ppl mostly lived in rural areas with zinc shacks and there was no exceptions
● Sophiatown(near Joburg) b4 1965- racially mixed (70 000 ppl mostly )
○ Town of contradictions- Slums and filthiness but also beautiful, vibrant & filled with activity
Bantustan (Homeland)
● 1960- the PM, Dr HF Verwoerd developed further segregation by creating 10 separate “native homelands”
(Bantustans) & which u lived in depended on your language, Sotho, Zulu etc
● Verwoerd said these were, in effect,” different countries” letting them develop out of white rule & letting them
choose their own ruler
● 3.5 million ppl had to move
● This was to show the world that darkies had “rights” to vote and stuff
1950’s- repression & non-violent resistance to Apartheid
🥲
● At first some members of the ANC didn’t mind apartheid bcz they thought it would be overturned but guess
what
● SAPC banned- Revolution of Russia in 1917 has a great influence on the 20th cent. history. Ideas like “Workers
of the World unite” & from Lenin & Trotsky inspired poor ppl to take action against the rich so in 1921, a
communist party was started in SA…
○ It got banned in 1950 but continued to operate secretly
ANC programme of Action
● Jan 1912- ANC was formed
● They at first only moderated protest, petitions etc but from 1940 took direct action against the government
● 1944- ANC youth league was formed with Anton Lembede as the president
○ Members were young & dynamic e.g Mandela & Oliver Tambo
○ NP won all white election in 1948 and apartheid was apartheided
○ 1949- ANCYL introduced “Programme of Action”
Brief Biography: Albert Luthuli
Zulu chief, Christian, teacher, writer & Farmer. ANC member & became its leader in 1952. NP told him to resign. He said
🛖⛓️🙍🏾♂️👈🏻
Nu-uh. No like literally said Nu-uh. They dismissed him as chief. Mense was a leading role in non-violence resistance in
the 1950’s. He was banned and place in house arrest
Defiance Campaign
● Influence of Gandhi- Indian leader/lawyer came to SA in 1893. Spent 21 years here. Challenged law using
“Satyagraha”
● Non Violent Defiance Campaign 1952 - They'd break laws but peacefully….what. Aimed to get arrested
● ANC members went from 7k to 100k
● When Eastern Cape police responded violently it was called off
● Public Safety Act of 53 declared a “State of Emergency”
Freedom Charter
● 1955 ANC formed alliance with other liberation groups like SACTU & SAIC
● The congress alliance drew up a doc of what future they want for SA
● Demands were brought together by Congress of ppl- 26 June 1955. 3K ppl attended the meeting in Kliptown
Treason Trial
● GoverNment believed the FREEDOM CHARTER promoted treason. 1956: 156 activists arrested. Trials carried on
for 4 years. Found not guilty
Pass Laws
● 1900-1986: 17 Mill ppl arrested under pass laws
● 1952: NP announced women had to carry passbooks and implemented it in 1956. Women in congress alliance
began to protest. They planned to march to Union Buildings, Pretoria
○ 9 Aug 1956- Protest and petition (20k women) but president Strijdom didn't even come to meet them
○ Campaign= failed
○ 9 Aug is now National Women's day so we get a public holiday,
