MICRO-ELE1– AID
Module 1: Introduction to
CMOS Technology
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
AUGUST 2023
UNIVERSITY
Department OF SANTO TOMAS
of Electronics – DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Engineering
Outline
• Semiconductor Industry
• Brief History of Integrated Circuits
• Introduction to Analog Design
• MOSFETs and CMOS
UNIVERSITY
Department OF SANTO TOMAS
of Electronics – DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Engineering
Semiconductor Industries
UNIVERSITY
Department OF SANTO TOMAS
of Electronics – DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Engineering
Semiconductor Industries
UNIVERSITY
Department OF SANTO TOMAS
of Electronics – DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Engineering
What’s inside an IC Chip?
[Link]
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Department OF SANTO TOMAS
of Electronics – DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Engineering
Making the Chips that run the world...
[Link]
UNIVERSITY
Department OF SANTO TOMAS
of Electronics – DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Engineering
A Walk to Remember – The Transistor story
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Department OF SANTO TOMAS
of Electronics – DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Engineering
Integration
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Department OF SANTO TOMAS
of Electronics – DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Engineering
Integration
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Department OF SANTO TOMAS
of Electronics – DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Engineering
Analog IC Design
UNIVERSITY
Department OF SANTO TOMAS
of Electronics – DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Engineering
What is Analog?
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Department OF SANTO TOMAS
of Electronics – DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Engineering
Analog Design as we speak…
• Design of Operational Transconductance Amplifiers (OTAs)
(a.k.a. Op-amps)
• Design of Power Management Integrated Circuits
• Bandgap References and LDOs
• Design of Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits
• Design of Precision Integrated Circuits
• ADCs and DACs
UNIVERSITY
Department OF SANTO TOMAS
of Electronics – DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Engineering
Full Custom IC Design Flow
UNIVERSITY
Department OF SANTO TOMAS
of Electronics – DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Engineering
Full Custom IC Design Flow
UNIVERSITY
Department OF SANTO TOMAS
of Electronics – DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Engineering
The Analog Design Octagon
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Department OF SANTO TOMAS
of Electronics – DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Engineering
The MOSFET
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Department OF SANTO TOMAS
of Electronics – DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Engineering
The MOSFET
UNIVERSITY
Department OF SANTO TOMAS
of Electronics – DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Engineering
The MOSFET
Simplified CMOSFET Cross Section (by the way,
the Substrate is the Wafer! And it is P-Type!)
UNIVERSITY
Department OF SANTO TOMAS
of Electronics – DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Engineering
The Not so New MOSFET
UNIVERSITY
Department OF SANTO TOMAS
of Electronics – DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Engineering
What is CMOS?
• Stands for “Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor”
• Utilizes an NMOSFET and a PMOSFET in a circuit.
• Remember that Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) works on
Field Effect by an applied voltage on the so called “gate“ or
“G”.
• The length of the channel below the Gate (G) between the
Source (S) and Drain (D) is usually referred to as technology in
VLSI .
UNIVERSITY
Department OF SANTO TOMAS
of Electronics – DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Engineering
What is CMOS?
UNIVERSITY
Department OF SANTO TOMAS
of Electronics – DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Engineering
Why CMOS?
• They are relatively smaller than bipolar junction
transistors and hence can optimize the use of chip area.
Size does Matter!
• They can be scaled down or reduced in size to make
denser memories or smarter processors. This aims to
also make the chips faster.
• They are usually low power since they dissipate power
only during signal transition and not during standby.
UNIVERSITY
Department OF SANTO TOMAS
of Electronics – DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Engineering
Why CMOS?
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Department OF SANTO TOMAS
of Electronics – DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Engineering
UNIVERSITY
Department OF SANTO TOMAS
of Electronics – DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Engineering
The no. of transistors on a
chip doubles for every 18
months
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Department OF SANTO TOMAS
of Electronics – DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
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CMOS Cross Section
• 1P6M process (available in 0.18um technology)
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Department OF SANTO TOMAS
of Electronics – DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Engineering
MOS Layout and Cross section
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Department OF SANTO TOMAS
of Electronics – DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Engineering
The MOSFET Symbols
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Department OF SANTO TOMAS
of Electronics – DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
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Thank You!
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Department OF SANTO TOMAS
of Electronics – DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Engineering
