Reviewer: Freud’s the id’s desires in a socially

Psychoanalytic Theory acceptable way.

 Mediates between the id and
1. Overview of the
the superego.
Psychodynamic Perspective
Example: A person wanting to
The psychodynamic perspective
shout at their boss but choosing to
suggests that unconscious forces
stay calm to avoid consequences.
and childhood experiences
significantly shape personality and Superego ("Over-Me")
behavior. Freud's theory of
 Represents moral values and
psychoanalysis emphasizes the
societal rules.
influence of hidden desires and
 Develops at around age 5-6.
unresolved childhood conflicts.
 Functions as an internalized
Three Core Assumptions of the conscience that guides
Psychodynamic Perspective: behavior with guilt and
shame.
1. Primacy of the Unconscious –
Most psychological processes occur Example: Feeling guilty for lying to
outside our conscious awareness. a friend.

2. Critical Importance of Early Freud emphasized that these three

Experiences – Childhood structures interact continuously,
experiences play a crucial role in influencing thoughts and
shaping personality. behaviors.

3. Psychic Causality – All thoughts, 3. Freud’s Topographical Model

feelings, and behaviors have (The Iceberg Model)
underlying causes; nothing
Freud compared the mind to an
happens randomly.
iceberg, with three levels of
2. Freud’s Structure of awareness:
Personality
1. Conscious Mind
 Freud divided personality into
 The smallest, visible part of
three components:
the iceberg.
Id ("It")  Contains thoughts and
perceptions we are aware of
 The most primitive part of
at any given moment.
the personality.
 Operates on the Pleasure Example: Thinking about what to
Principle – seeks immediate eat for lunch.
gratification of desires.
2. Preconscious Mind
 Contains instinctual drives,
such as hunger, sex, and  Just below the surface, can
aggression. be accessed with effort.
 Contains memories and
Examples: A baby crying when
knowledge that are not
hungry, impulsive actions without
currently in awareness but
considering consequences.
can be recalled.
Ego ("Me")
Example: Remembering your
 The rational and decision- childhood address when asked.
making aspect of personality.
3. Unconscious Mind
 Operates on the Reality
Principle – seeks to satisfy  The largest part, hidden
beneath the surface.
  Contains repressed desires, Key Concept: Oedipus Complex
fears, memories, and (boys) & Electra Complex (girls).
instincts.
Fixation: Vanity, overconfidence,
 Influences behavior without
gender identity issues.
conscious awareness.
4. Latency Stage (6 years -
Example: A traumatic memory
puberty)
affecting decision-making without
realizing it. Sexual urges are dormant; focus on
school, friendships, hobbies.
Freudian Slips (Slip of the
Tongue) Fixation: Difficulty in social
interactions later in life.
 Unintentional errors in
speech that reveal hidden 5. Genital Stage (Puberty -
thoughts or desires. Adulthood)

Example: Calling a teacher "Mom" Focus on mature sexual

by accident relationships and personal
independence.
4. Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
of Development Successful development leads to
well-balanced individuals.
Freud believed that personality
develops through five stages, each 5. Contributions
focused on different erogenous
 Introduced the concept of the
zones.
unconscious mind.
O A PHA LA  Developed the first formal
GE theory of personality
 Emphasized the importance
1. Oral Stage (0-1 year)
of childhood experiences.
Erogenous Zone: Mouth.  Inspired psychotherapy
(Psychoanalysis).
Activities: Sucking, biting,
swallowing. 6. Key Takeaways

Fixation:  Freud’s Psychoanalytic

Theory remains a
Oral-aggressive (sarcastic,
cornerstone in psychology.
argumentative).
 The mind operates at
Oral-receptive (overeating, different levels: conscious,
smoking, nail-biting). preconscious, unconscious.
 Personality consists of id,
2. Anal Stage (1-3 years)
ego, and superego, which
Erogenous Zone: Anus. interact dynamically.
 Early experiences shape later
Activities: Toilet training, control
personality development.
over bowel movements.
 Unconscious desires
Fixation: influence behavior, even
when we are unaware.
Anal-retentive (obsessively tidy,
controlling).

Anal-expulsive (messy, reckless).

3. Phallic Stage (3-6 years)

Erogenous Zone: Genitals.