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Introduction to Linux
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There are a lot of terms that seasoned linux
users use casually, this adds to the
confusion of people who are new to the linux
ecosystem. It isn't possible to cover
everything here but we've tried to explain
some of them here so that your journey
becomes a lot smoother.
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Distros
Linux is just the kernel and is in no way a full OS, a full
OS requires a lot of different components that do a lot of
different essential tasks.
A distro is a collection of a default set of these essential
components and their configuration.
You may have heard about GNU+Linux which is a very common
bundle choice shared by almost all the distros.
There are some parent distros on which a lot of other distros
are based - Debian (Ubuntu and its many derivatives, Linux
Mint, Kali, Deepin, MX), Arch (EndeavourOS, Manjaro,
ArchCraft, Garuda, Artix, etc), and Gentoo (ChromeOS is based
on it).
There are 2 other popular distros that don't have a parent
distro but are pretty similar, being RPM based, Fedora and
OpenSUSE.
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Shell
A shell is a computer program that exposes an operating system's services to a
human user or other programs.
In general, operating system shells use either a command-line interface (CLI) or
graphical user interface (GUI), depending on a computer's role and particular
operation.
In practice though when we're talking about shells, its mostly about CLI shells.
Generally in the context of linux we ignore shells like the python interpreter,
lua interpreter and some single purpose shells like bluetoothctl, etc and talk
about the general shells like bash, zsh and fish. Shells are typically
interpreters that work on their own interpreted languages, so even though these
shells feel similar to use for basic stuff, you’ll start to see the differences
once you start to write scripts on them.
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Desktop Environments (DEs)
It is the graphical user interface (GUI) that makes using your
computer easier and more intuitive.
Instead of typing commands into a terminal, the DE gives you
windows, icons, menus, and buttons to click on.
Some major DEs are-
Gnome (super stable)
KDE (super customizable and lightweight)
xfce (ultra lightweight)
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Package Managers
On windows if you want to install any application on Windows you
probably don't use Microsoft Store very often, cuz honestly almost
nothing can be found on it. On linux however, a huge number of
applications can be installed via your package manager.
Package managers use "repositories" which are huge stores of packages,
which are maintained and kept updated. The size of these repositories
defines how many packages are on a system by default and how easily
you can install new software.
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> Installing Linux ...
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Step 1: Take a backup of
your data
In windows 11
Open Control panel >> system and security >> File History >> System
Image Backup >> Create System Image >> “Select Drive to take backup”
Also please backup your files on External Hard Drive / Onedrive or Any
other cloud storage options you prefer.
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Step 2: Download Linux and
create a bootable USB
Download your choice of OS Ubuntu, Fedora, Arch, Cent OS, Mint, Kali, etc.
Create a Bootable USB using any of the following softwares Rufus or Etcher
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Step 3: Disable Bitlocker
Click Start, click
Control Panel, click
System and Security,
and then click
BitLocker Drive
Encryption.
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Look for the drive on which
you want BitLocker Drive
Encryption turned off, and
click Turn Off BitLocker.
A message will be displayed, stating that the drive will be decrypted and that
decryption may take some time. Click Turn off Bitlocker / Decrypt the drive to
continue and turn off BitLocker on the drive.
Restart your computer, before proceeding with the image creation process..
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Step 4: Make some free space
for Linux Installation
In the Windows menu,
search for
‘disk partitions’
and go to
‘Create and format
hard disk
partitions’.
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Right click on any volume(C:,D:,E:,etc.) which has available space and select
Shrink Volume
You can enter amount of
space you want to shrink ,
it depends on your device
(80-100 GB recommended if
you have > 512 GB storage).
Then you will be able to see
the unallocated space. This
space will be used for Linux
installation.
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Step 5: Disable Secure boot,change
boot orderand enable USB boot in
BIOS
Based on your device check the BIOS key from internet or refer here
Restart your device and open bios menu and navigate to [system configurations]
/ [Security] >>[Secure boot] and disable it. Then go to [Exit] tab > [Save
Changes] and select [Yes].
Options may vary depending on your device, please refer internet before
proceeding
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Step 6: Install Linux
Ensure the bootable drive is inserted into your PC.
Right-click on Start, hold SHIFT, and select Restart.
Select “Use a Device”.
On the next screen, you should see several devices you can boot from. You may see
the bootable drive as the name of the USB brand.
Now instructions will vary based on different distros.
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