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? Year 9 Maths Notes

The document provides an overview of various types of graphs including linear, quadratic, cubic, reciprocal, exponential, distance-time, and velocity-time graphs. It explains how to find gradients, plot graphs, solve equations graphically, and interpret graphs in real-world contexts. Key terms related to graphing, such as gradient, intercept, and origin, are also defined.

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249 views2 pages

? Year 9 Maths Notes

The document provides an overview of various types of graphs including linear, quadratic, cubic, reciprocal, exponential, distance-time, and velocity-time graphs. It explains how to find gradients, plot graphs, solve equations graphically, and interpret graphs in real-world contexts. Key terms related to graphing, such as gradient, intercept, and origin, are also defined.

Uploaded by

cagac56703
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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📊 Year 9 Maths Notes: Graphs

1. Types of Graphs

 Linear Graphs: Straight lines, follow the equation y = mx + c.


 Quadratic Graphs: Curved (U-shaped), follow the equation y = ax² + bx + c.
 Cubic Graphs: Follow y = ax³ + bx² + cx + d; have S-shaped curves.
 Reciprocal Graphs: Include y = 1/x; never touch the x or y axis.
 Exponential Graphs: Grow or decay quickly, e.g., y = a^x.
 Distance-Time Graphs: Show movement over time.
 Velocity-Time Graphs: Show how speed changes over time.

2. Linear Graphs

 General form: y = mx + c
o m is the gradient (steepness of the line)
o c is the y-intercept (where the line crosses the y-axis)

🔢 How to find gradient:

 Use two points: (x₁, y₁) and (x₂, y₂)


 Formula: m = (y₂ - y₁) / (x₂ - x₁)

3. Plotting a Graph

Steps:

1. Create a table of values.


2. Substitute x values into the equation to find y values.
3. Plot points on a grid.
4. Join with a straight line (linear) or curve (non-linear).

4. Quadratic Graphs

 Shape: Parabola
 Equation: y = ax² + bx + c
 The vertex is the turning point (maximum or minimum).
 Symmetrical about a vertical line called the axis of symmetry.

5. Solving Equations Graphically


 Plot both sides of an equation as separate graphs.
 The solution is where the graphs intersect.

Example: To solve x² = 3x + 4, plot:

 y = x²
 y = 3x + 4
 Find intersection points.

6. Parallel & Perpendicular Lines

 Parallel lines have the same gradient.


 Perpendicular lines have negative reciprocal gradients.
o Example: If one line has gradient m, the other has -1/m.

7. Interpreting Graphs

 Use graphs to estimate values or solve real-world problems.


 In a distance-time graph:
o Flat line = stationary
o Steep line = moving fast
o Curved line = acceleration or deceleration

8. Key Terms

 Gradient (slope): Rate of change (rise/run).


 Intercept: Where the graph crosses the x or y axis.
 Origin: Point (0, 0).
 Coordinate: A point written as (x, y).
 Axis: The x-axis (horizontal) and y-axis (vertical).

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