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Modular Arithmetic Practice Problems Adjusted

The document contains a series of modular arithmetic practice problems divided into three sections: conceptual questions, computational questions, and application-based questions. It covers topics such as the conditions for division in modular arithmetic, solving modular equations, and applications in cryptography like Caesar ciphers. The problems aim to enhance understanding of modular division and its implications in various mathematical contexts.

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38 views2 pages

Modular Arithmetic Practice Problems Adjusted

The document contains a series of modular arithmetic practice problems divided into three sections: conceptual questions, computational questions, and application-based questions. It covers topics such as the conditions for division in modular arithmetic, solving modular equations, and applications in cryptography like Caesar ciphers. The problems aim to enhance understanding of modular division and its implications in various mathematical contexts.

Uploaded by

chrispy1729
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Modular Arithmetic Practice Problems

A. Conditions for, Definition of, and Application of Division in Modular Arithmetic (25 Problems)

Conceptual Questions (5 Problems)

1. Explain why division is not always defined in modular arithmetic.

2. Determine whether division by 4 is always possible in mod 12. Justify your answer.

3. What condition must an integer a satisfy for ax = b (mod m) to have a unique solution for x?

4. If 3x = 1 (mod 10) has a solution, what does that tell us about 3 and 10?

5. Explain the relationship between the greatest common divisor (GCD) and division in modular
arithmetic.

Computational Questions (10 Problems)

6. Find x in 3x = 1 (mod 7).

7. Solve 4x = 2 (mod 6).

8. Determine if x = 5/2 (mod 7) is a valid expression. If not, find the modular inverse of 2 in mod 7
and solve for x.

9. Compute 5^(-1) mod 12 (modular inverse of 5 mod 12).

10. Solve 7x = 3 (mod 11).

11. Find x in 6x = 8 (mod 14), or explain why no solution exists.

12. Compute 9^(-1) mod 13 and verify your answer.

13. Solve 11x = 1 (mod 23).

14. Determine whether x = 3/4 (mod 9) is well-defined. If so, solve for x.

15. Find all solutions to 2x = 6 (mod 10).

Application-Based Questions (10 Problems)

16. In a clock system with 12 hours, can you divide by 3 in mod 12? Explain.

17. A number x satisfies 8x = 4 (mod 12). Find all possible values of x.

18. If a cryptographic system uses modular division and needs a unique solution, what condition
must the divisor satisfy relative to the modulus?

19. If 5x = 10 (mod 15), find all solutions or explain why there may be infinitely many.

20. In a shift cipher with x^(-1) mod 26, the shift is 7. Compute 7^(-1) mod 26 to decrypt the
message.

21. Find a value of x satisfying 13x = 5 (mod 24).

22. Determine if the equation 6x = 1 (mod 9) has a solution. If so, find x.

23. Find the smallest positive x such that 17x = 1 (mod 100).

24. Compute 4^(-1) mod 9 and verify your result.

25. If 2x = 1 (mod 5), find x.

B. Application: Using Caesar Ciphers (5 Problems)

26. Encode the word "MATH" using a Caesar cipher with a shift of 4 in mod 26. (A = 0, B = 1, ..., Z =
25)

27. Decode the following ciphertext using a Caesar cipher with a shift of 7: "TLZZL".

28. You receive an encoded message: "XJHWW". It was encrypted using a shift of 5. Decode it.

29. Suppose a Caesar cipher uses a shift of x, where x = 9 (mod 26). Decode the ciphertext
"WKLQN".

30. Find the decryption shift for a message encoded with a Caesar cipher shift of 11 and use it to
decode "LZAAP".

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