Introduction

Strap Footings

A strap footing is another

type of a combined footing
consisting of spread footings of two
columns connected by a concrete
beam. The beam is called a strap
beam. Strap beam connects both Figure 1. STRAP FOOTING
footings in such a way that it acts
as a single unit. It is used to help
distribute the weight of either ADVANTAGES AND
heavily loaded or eccentrically DISADVANTAGES OF STRAP
loaded column footings to adjacent FOOTING
footings. It serves the same
purpose as the interior portion of a Advantages of Strap
combined footing but is much Footing
1. It helps distribute the
narrower to save on materials.
load uniformly and the
A strap footing is frequently transfer of moment to
used in conjunction with columns the adjacent footing.
located along the property or lot 2. It prevents the column
line of a building. Columns are from tilting.
typically centered on column 3. When the spacing
footings, but in cases where between columns is
columns are located directly large and a regular
adjacent to the property line, the combined footing is
column footings may be offset so impractical due to the
that they do not encroach on the required massive
adjacent property. This causes an excavation, the use of a
eccentric load on a portion of the strap footing may be
footing, causing it to tilt to one side. considered.
To address this issue, a strap Disadvantages of Strap
footing foundation is built, and the Footing
bending moment and shear forces 1. Strap footing requires
caused by the eccentric load are special attention during
transferred to the interior column construction due to its
via the strap beam. The strap beam complicated design.
restrains the footing's tendency to 2. It can become more
overturn by connecting it to nearby time-consuming as the
footings. calculations of pressure
bearing, pressure
distribution, moment,

1
 forces, and shear the presence of the strap, punching
become more complex. shear cannot occur along the
3. For its construction, it truncated pyramid surface shown in
will require skilled the figure. For this reason, two-way
workers. or punching shear, should be
checked along a perimeter section
DESIGN OF FOOTINGS AND
located at a distance d/2 outward
STRAP BEAM
from the longitudinal edges of the
There are specific procedures to strap and from the free face of the
follow when designing strap column, d being the effective depth
footings. When using strap footing of the footing. Flexural or one-way
in construction, we must be very shear, as usual, checked at a
careful with our calculations. Any section a distance d from the face
miscalculation can result in a of the column.
massive loss such as tilting of the
DESIGN OF STRAP BEAM
building. It only used when there
are no other options. Even though the strap is in fact
monolithic with the interior footing,
DESIGN OF FOOTINGS the effect on the strap of the soil
The footings are designed to pressure under this footing can
produce the same constant safely neglected because the
pressure beneath the base. For the footing has been designed to
soil pressure to be uniform at the withstand the entire upward
bottom of the footing, the centroid pressure as if the strap were
of the total are should coincide with absent. In contrast, because the
the location of the resultant of the exterior footing has been designed
load P. as wall footing that receives its load
from the strap, the upward pressure
The exterior footing performs from the wall footing becomes a
exactly like a wall footing. Even load that must be resisted by the
though the column is located at its strap. With this simplification of an
edge, the balancing action of the otherwise somewhat more complex
strap results in uniform bearing situation, the strap represents a
pressure, the downward load being single-span beam loaded upward by
transmitted to the footing uniformly the bearing pressure under the
by the strap. Hence, the design is exterior footing and supported by
carried out exactly as it is for the downward reactions at the
wall footing. centerlines of the two columns. The
The interior footing, even though it maximum moment, as determined
merges in part with the strap can by equating the shear force to zero,
be design as an independent, occurs close to the inner edge of
square single-column footing. The the exterior footing. Sear forces are
main difference is that, because of

2
large in the vicinity of the exterior
column. 1
V c = λ √ f ' c bw d
6
EFFECTIVE DEPTH OF
BEAM BASED ON BEAM
SHEAR If V u >∅ V C, stirrups are necessary,
proceed to Step lll.
V u=∅ V C
1
If V u <∅ V C but V u > ∅ V C , proceed to
2
1 Step V
V u=∅ λ √ f ' c bw d
6
1
If V u < ∅ V C , beam section is
EFFECTIVE DEPTH OF 2
BEAM BASED ON BENDING capable to carry the required shear
MOMENT

2 fy III. Calculate the shear strength

M u=∅ ρ f y b d (1−0.59 ρ '
) V s to be provided by the required
f c
shear

V n=V s +V C
f 'c ∅ V n=∅ (V s +V C )=V u
ρb =0.85 β 1 ¿ Vu
fy V s = −V C
∅
Assume a value of steel ratio ρ from
0.5 ρb to 0.6 ρb , but must not be less
than ρmin . This value will provide 2
If V s ≥ √ f ' c bw d , proceed to Step
3
enough allowance in the actual
lV
value of ρ
2
√ f ' c b w d,
If V s > adjust the size of
3
the beam

STEPS IN VERTICAL IV. Spacing of stirrups:

STIRRUP DESIGN
Spacing
I. Calculate the factored A v f yt d
s=
shear force V u at critical Vs
sections or at any
Maximum spacing, s
sections you want the
spacing to be 1
determined. a) WhenV s ≥ √ f ' c bw d ,
3
II. Calculate the shear strength Smax =d /2 or 600 mm
provided by concrete, V C

3
 1
b) When V s > √ f ' c b w d,
3
Smax =d / 4 or 300 mm

1
V. If V u <∅ V C but V u > ∅ V C ,
2

Minimum are of stirrup:

bw s bw s
A vmin =0.62 √ f ' c ≥ 0.35
f yt f yt

Solution:

Step 1: Compute the required area

of the two spread footings

P1 = 450 + 360 = 810 kN

P2 = 600 + 450 = 1050 kN

PROBLEM 1. P3 = P1 + P2 = 810 + 1050 = 1860 kN

Sample Problems: Neglecting the height of the footing,

Problem 1. A strap footing a carries hc = 0
the given loads as shown. Both
columns are 0.4m x 0.4m. Base of q eff = q all - γ c hc - γ s h s - q s
the footing is 2.2 m below the
q eff = 140 – 23.40(0) – 16074(2.2 - 0)
ground surface. Allowable soil
bearing capacity is 140kPa. The – 0 = 103.172 kPa
columns are spaced at 6m apart. P 1860 2
Assume that the strap should be A footing= = =18.028 m
q eff 103.172
out of contact of soil so that there
are no soil reactions to modify the
design. If f ' c =21 MPa,
3 Step 2: Compute the Initial
f ' y =414 MPa , γ s=16.74 kN /m and
footing dimensions
3
γ c =23.60 kN /m , design the footing
using NSCP 2015. Use 20 mm∅ For the soil pressure to e uniform at
main bar for footing and strap beam the bottom of the footing, the
and 16 mm∅ for temperature bars. centroid of the total area should
Use 10 mm∅ bar for stirrups with coincide with the location of the
f yt =25 MPa . resultant of the loads

4
P x̄=∑ (P i X i ¿ + M i )=( P1 X 1 + M y 1) + ( P2 X 2+ M y2 ) ¿  In column 2: (Using Square
Footing)
1860 x̄=810 ( .20 ) +1050 ( 6.20 )
A2 = 18.028 – 10.023 = 8.005 m2
x̄=3.587 m
A 2 = B 22
We will start by getting initial value
8.005 = B22
of B1 until a desirable ratio B1 / L1is
obtained (usually from 0.75 to 1) B2=2.829 m

In column 1 (Assuming Square

Footing for Initial width dimensions
STEP 3: Compute Initial h c using
only)
the initial footing dimensions
P 810
A footing= = =B1 2
q eff 103.172 Pu 1 = 1.2 P DL1 + 1.6 P¿1 = 1.2(450) +
1.6(360) = 1116 kN →use

B1=2.802 m say 3.0 m Pu 1 = 1.4 P DL1 = 1.4(450) = 650 kN

Locate the center of area by Pu 2 = 1.2 P DL2 + 1.6 P¿2 = 1.2(600) +

summation of moments 1.6(450) = 1440 kN

Pu 2 = 1.4 P DL2 = 1.4(600) = 840 kN

∑ M Total Area=∑ M Independent Areas
18.028(3.857) = A1 (1.50) + A2
(6.20) → Eq .1 Considering punching shear
 For Column 1:
But, A2 = 18.028 - A1 → Eq . 2
Pu 1 1116
Substitute Eq. 2 in Eq. 1: q u 1= = =111.344 Kpa
A 1 3.0 ( 3.341 )
18.208(3.587) = A1 (1.50) + V u 1=¿ 1116 – 111.344(0.40+d)(
(18.028 - A1 ¿(6.20) d
0.40+ ¿
2
A1 = 10.023 m2
1
A 1 = B 1 L1 Vc = λ √ f ' c bo d
3
10.023 = 3.0 L1 Vc =
L1=3.341 m

B1
1
3 [ (
( 1.0 ) ( √ 21 ) ( 0.40+d ) +2 0.40+
d
2)]
( d ) (1000 )
3.0
= = 0.898 →(appears to be ϕ V c≥ V u
L1 3.341
reasonable)

5
 1 ϕ V c≥ V u
0.75[ (1.0) (
3
1
( d
)
√ 21 ¿[ ( .40+d ) +2 0.40+ ](d )(1000)¿=¿1
2
0.75[ (1.0) (
3
d √ 21 ¿(4 ) ( 0.40+ d ) (d )(1000)¿= 1440-
116-111.344(0.40+d) (0.40+ ¿ 179.927(0.40+d) (0.40+d ¿
2

d =0.442709 m d =0.375022 m

d =442.709 mm d =357.022 mm

 For Column 2:
Pu 2 1440
q u 2= = =Kpa
A 2 2.829 ( 2.829 )

V u 2=¿ 1440 – 179.927(0.40+d) (

0.40+ d ¿ Considering wide beam shear
 For Column 1:
1
Vc = λ √ f ' c bo d
3 Assume initial width of the strap
beam to be 0.40 m.
1
Vc = ( 1.0 ) ( √ 21 ) (4 )(0.40+d )(d ) ( 1000 )
3 V u=111.344 (3.0 )( 1.471−d )

6
 1
V c = ( 1.0 ) ( √ 21 ) ( 3.0 ) ( d ) ( 1000 )
6

ϕ V c≥ V u

1
0.75[ (1.0) (√ 21 ¿(3.0)(d )(1000)¿ =
6
111.344(3.0) (1.471 - d ¿

d =0.239397 m

d =239.397 mm

Governing d= 442.709 mm

Thus,

h c=d +75+1.5 d b

h c=442.709+75+1.5 (20)

h c=547.709 mm say 550 mm

 For Column 2:
V u=179.927 (2.829 )( 1.215−d )
STEP 4: Check using the
1 computed Initial h c=550 mm
Vc = λ √ f ' c bo d
6
Considering the height of
1 footing h c=550 mm
V c = ( 1.0 ) ( √21 ) ( 2.829 ) ( d ) ( 1000 ) =
6
179.927 (2.829) (1.215-d) q eff =qall −γ c hc −γ s hs −q s

d =0.290417 m q eff =140−23.60 ( 0.55 ) −16.74 ( 202−0.55 )−0=99.399 k

d =290.417 mm P 1860 2
A footing= = =18.712 m
q eff 99.399

 In column 1: Assuming Square

Footing width dimension only
P 810 2
A footing1= = =B1
q eff 99.399

7
B1=2.855 m say 3.0 m Pu 1 1116
q u 1= = =107.266 kPa
A 1 3.0(3.468)
Locate the center of area by
summation of moments V u 1=¿ 1116 – 107.266 (0.40+d required )
d
∑ M total area =¿ ∑ M Independent areas ¿ (0.40+ required ¿
2
18.712 (3.587) = A1 ( 1.50 ) + A2 (6.20)→ 1
Vc = λ √ f ' c bo d
Eq. 1 3

But, A2=18.712−A 1 → 1
Vc = ( 1.0 ) ¿) [(0.40+
Eq. 2 3
d required
Substitute Eq. 2 in Eq. 1: d required ¿+2(0.40+ )¿(d required )(1000)
2
18.712 (3.587) = ϕ V c≥ V u
A1 ( 1.50 ) + ( 18.712− A 1 ) ( 6.20 )=
A1=10.403 m
2 1
0.75[ (1.0) (
3

[ )]
A1=B1 L1

10.403 = 3.0 L1
(
√ 21 ¿ ( 0.40+d required ) +2 0.40+
d required
2
( d required ) ( 1000 )
= 1116- 107.266 (0.40 + d required ¿ ¿
L1=3.468 m d required
¿
2
B1 3.0
= =0.865 →(appears to be
L1 3.468 d =0.443317 m
reasonable)
d =443.317 mm
 In column 2: Using Square
Therefore; d required <d provided →ok!
Footing
2
A2=18.712−10.403=8.309 m
2 Step 5: Draw the shear and
A2=B2
moment diagram
B2=2.883 m
qu =
d provided = d +75+1.5 d b Pu 1116+1140
= =136.570 kPa
A 1 + A 1 3.0 ( 3.468 )+2.883 (2.883)
d provided = 550+75+1.5 ( 20 )=445 mm
W u 1=136.570 (3.468)= 473.625 kN/m

W u 2=¿ 136.570(2.883) = 393.731

Check d required considering punching kN/m
shear for column 1 only (where we
computed the governing d); X1 2.60− X 1
=
926.550 304.875

8
X 1= 1.956 m shear considering the shear
diagram
X2 0.40−X 2
=
793.692 488.816  For column 1:

X 2 =0.248 m V u 1=473.625 ( 0.40+0.445 ) −2790 ( 0.40 )=−715.787 kN

Note: Expect a discrepancy 1 1

øV c = ø λ √ f ' c b w d = 0.75 (1.0) (
in the moment diagram for 6 6
footing orientation. When √ 21 ¿ (3.468 )( 0.445 )( 1000 )=884.013 kN
drawing the moment diagram
of a strap footing, being by øV c >V u, ok safe!
computing the moment from
the left-hand side side up to
the dimensions of footing 1,  For column 2:
then compute the moment at
right-hand side up to the V u 2=−393731 ( 1.2415+0.40+ 0.445 ) +3600(0.40)=618
dimension of footing 2.
1 1
øV c = ø λ √ f ' c b w d = 0.75
6 6
(1.0) (
√ 21 ¿ (2.883 )( 0.445 )( 1000 )=884.013 kN
øV c >V u, ok safe!

Therefore, use:

3.0m x 3.68 x 0.55 m for footing

1

2.883m x 2.883m x 0.55m for

footing 2

STEP 7: Design the footing

reinforcement

- For footing 1
Step 6: check for wide beam - Transverse Reinforcement only

9
 ¿ 0.00204
d = 550 – 75 – 0.5(20) = 465 mm

1.4 1.4
ρmin = = = 0.00338 ¿ 0.00204 ,
fy 414
M u 1=136.570 ( 1.534 ) ( 3.0 ) ( 1.534
2 )
use ρ=0.00338
2
A s=ρbd=0.00338 ( 3000 ) ( 465 )=4714.100 mm
M u 1=482.056 kNm

Using 20mm ∅ bars

Check if Tension Controlled:
A s 4715.100
=
N = Ab π 2 = 15.009 say 16
20
∅ M nt =
459
1600 ( 3
β 1 f ' cb d 2 1− ( 0.85 )
16 ) pcs.
4

Check Maximum spacing for main

bars as per NSCP 2015 section
∅ M nt =2792.258 kNm> M u , Tension−controlled ∅ =0.90
407.7.2.3:
M u = ∅ Rnb d2
3000−2 ( 75 )−20
S provided = =188.667 mm
2 16−1
482.056 × 10 = 0.90 Rn (300) ( 465 )
6

Maximum spacing s of deformed

Rn =0.826
reinforcement shall be the lesser of:

(a) Smax =3 h=3 (550 )=1650 mm

(b) Smax =¿ 450 mm → govern
S = 188.667 mm ¿ 450 mm , ok !

Therefore, use 16 pcs – 20 mm∅

Transverse bottom bars spaced
uniformly O.C

- Temperature bars for longitudinal

reinforcement
From NSCP 2015 section 424.4.3.2,
the minimum area of temperature
bars is

A s ,min =0.0020 Ag

( √ ) ( √ )
'
f c 2 Rn 21 2 ( 0.826 )
ρ=0.85 1− 1− =0.85 1− 1−
fy '
0.85 f c 414 0.85A s (,min )
21=0.0020 ( 3468 ) ( 550 )

10
 A s ,min =3814.800 - Longitudinal/Transverse
Reinforcement
Using 16 mm ∅ bar,
d = 550 – 75 – 0.50(20) =
A s 3814.800 465mm
=
N = Ab π 2 = 18.973 say 19
16 M u 2 = 136.570(1.2415) (2.883)(
4
pcs 1.2415
¿
2
Check maximum spacing for
temperature bars as per NSCP 2015 M u 2 = 303.433 kNm
Section 424.4.3.3:

3468−2 ( 75 )−16
S provided =¿ =183.444 mm Check if tension controlled:
19−1
459 ' 2 3
Maximum spacing s of deformed ∅ M nt = β 1 f cb d (1− β1 ¿
1600 16
reinforcement shall be the lesser of:

(a) Smax =5 h=5 ( 550 )=2750 mm ∅ M nt =

459
1600 ( 3
( 0.85 ) ( 21 ) ( 2883 )( 465 )2 1− ( 0.85 )
16 )
(b) Smax =¿ 450 mm → govern
∅ M nt =2683.390 kNm> M u Tension−controlled ,∅ =
S = 183.444mm ¿ 450 mm,
ok! M u = ∅ Rnb d2

Therefore, Use 19 pcs – 20mm∅ 6

303.433 ×10 =0.90 Rn (2883)¿
longitudinal temperature
bottom bars spaced uniformly Rn =0.541
O.C

( √ ) ( √
'
f c 2 Rn 21 2 ( 0.5
(Note: longitudinal Temperature ρ=0.85 1− 1− =0.85 1− 1−
fy '
0.85 f c 414 0.85 (
bars above transverse bars)
= 0.00133

1.4 1.4
ρmin = = = 0.00338 ¿ 0.00133 ,
fy 414
use ρ = 0.00338

2
A s=ρbd=0.00338 ( 2883 ) ( 465 )=4531.211mm

Using 20 mm∅ bar,

A s 4531.211
=
N = Ab π 2 = 14.423 say 15
20
4
 For the footing 2 pcs.

11
Check Maximum spacing for main 1
304.875 x 10 =0.75 (1.0) √ 21(600)
3

bars as per NSCP 2015 section 6

407.7.2.3: d
d=887.056 mm → govern
2889−2 ( 75 )−20
S provided = =193.786 mm
16−1 Thus,
¿ 450 mm, ok! db 20
h=d +75+ =887.056+75+ =972.056 mm sa
2 2
20
d provided =1000−75− =915 mm
Therefore, use 15pcs-20mm∅ 2
main bars spaced uniformly Then use b=600 mm and
O.C.B.W d=915 mm
51 ' 2 3
∅ M nmax =∅ B1 f c b d (1− B1 )
(Note: Longitudinal Bars above 140 14
transverse bars)
800−fy
→ ∅ =0.65+0.25 =
Step 8: Design the strap beam 1000−fy
800−414
From the shear and moment 0.65+ 0.25 =0.815
1000−414
diagram, maximum moment for 51
∅ M nmax =0.815 ( 0.85 ) ( 21 ) ( 600 ) ( 915 )2
strap beam is M u=−993.488 kNm and 140
maximum shear V u=304.875 kN
( 3
1− ( 0.85 )
14 )
Try b = 600 mm ∅ M nmax =2177.253 kNm> M u , Singly Reinforced B
- Effective depth of beam
Check if tension
based on Bending Moment:
controlled:
ρb =0.85 B 1
f ' c 600
(
fy 600+ fy )
=0.85 ( 0.85 )
21
(600
)
=0.02169
414 600+ 414∅ M nt =
459
1600
' 2 3
B1 f c b d (1− B 1)
16
Assume 459
ρ=0.5 ρb=0.5 ( 0.02169 )=0.01085 ∅ M nt =
1600
3
fy ( 0.85 )( 21 ) ( 600 ) ( 915 )2 (1−
(0.85))
2
M u=∅ ρ fy b d (1−0.5 ρ ' ) 16
f c ∅ M nt =2162.353 kNm> M u , Tension Controlled ∅

(
993.488 x 10 6=0.90 ( 0.01085 )( 414 ) b d 2 1−0.59 ( 0.01085 )
414
)=b d 2=281240909.5 m m3
2M =∅ Rnb d 2
u
6 2
2
600 d =281240909.5 993.788 x 10 =0.90 Rn ( 600 ) ( 915 )
Rn=2.197
2
d =684.642 mm

- Effective depth of beam

based on Beam shear:
ρ=0.85
f 'c
fy ( √
1− 1−
2 Rn
'
0.85 f c
=0.85
21
414 )
1
V u= ø λ √ f ' c b w d
6 ( √
1− 1−
2(2.197)
0.85 (21) )
=0.00568

12
 1.4 1.4 205.700 mm
ρmin = = =0.00338< 0.00568
fy 414
Maximum spacing of stirrups
Use ρ=0.00568 in accordance with Table
409.7.6.2.2.
2
A s=ρbd=0.00568 ( 600 )( 915 )=3118.32m m
d 915
(a) =
Using 25mm∅ bar, 2 2
¿ 457.5 mm
As (b) 600 mm
N= =
Ab
Then, use s= 253.396 mm say
3118.32
=6.353 say 7 pcs 250mm
π
( 25 )2
4
Therefore, use:
600mm x 1000mm Strap Beam
For stirrups:
with 7 pcs-25mm∅ Top bars & 2
pcs-25mm∅ Bottom Bars, 10mm
1
V c= ø λ √ f ' c bw d = ∅ stirrups spaced at 250 mm
6
1 O.C
( 1.0 ) √ 21 ( 600 ) ( 915 )=419.306 kN
6 STEP 9: Check Development
ø V c= 0.75 ( 419.306 )=314.480 kN Length of the bars

1 1 - For the transverse bar at the

ø V c = ( 314.480 )=157.240 kN
2 2 footing 1
From NSCP 2015 Section 425.4.2.3,
1
V u <¿ ø V c ,But V u > ø V c →
2

( )
1 fy ψt ψe ψs
minimum area of shear Ld = db

( )
1.1 λ √ f ' c Cb + K tr
reinforcement is required. The
minimum area of shear db
reinforcement in accordance
with Table 409.6.3.3: K tr =0

bw s bw s C b is the lesser of :
A vmin=¿ 0.062 √ f ' c ≥ 0.35
f yt f yt db 20
(a) 75 + = 75 + =85 mm ⟶
2 2
A vmin f yt govern
s1= =
0.062 √ f c b w
'
1
(b) ( 188.667 ) =94.334 mm
π 2 2
2 ( 10 ) (275)
4
=253.396 mm C b + K tr 85+0
0.062 √ 21(600) ⟶ = = 4.25
db 20
π 2
A vmin f yt 2 ( 10 ) ( 275 ) ¿ 2.5 , use 2.5
s2= = 4
0.35 b w
0.35 ( 600 )

13
Ld = ( 1.11 1414√21 ( 1.0) ( 1.0
2.5
) ( 1.0 )
)(20) =
657.034 mm

Ld , provided=1534−75=1459 mm> Ld

Therefore, no need to provide

hook at bars end of footing 1

- For the traverse and

longitudinal bars at footing 2

( )
1 fy ψt ψe ψs
Ld = db

( )
1.1 λ √ f ' c Cb + K tr
PROBLEM 2.
db
Sample Problems:
K tr =0
Problem 2. A strap footing consist of
C b is the lesser of : two footings connected by a strap
beam as shown below. This beam
db 20 distributed the column loads to
(a) 75 + = 75 + =85 mm ⟶
2 2 each footing to make the net soil
govern pressure with un-factored loads
1 uniform and with factored design
(b) ( 193.786 ) =96.893 mm
2
loads uniform but not necessarily
C b + K tr 85+0 equal. The strap beam is cast on a
⟶ = = 4.25
db 20 compressible material capable of
¿ 2.5 , use 2.5 carrying the weight of the strap
beam only.
Ld = ( 1.11 1414√21 ( 1.0) ( 1.0
2.5
) ( 1.0 )
)(20) = a. Which of the following gives
657.034 mm the value of B1 and B2 of the
strap footing if the effective
Ld , provided=1241−75=11.66 .5 mm> Ld soil pressure is 450 kPa.
b. Determine the design shear
Therefore, no need to provide for the strap beam.
hook at bars end of footing 2 c. Determine the design
moment for the strap beam.
C1 C2

14
 400mm x 400mm x P 1952.50
A footing = = = 4.339 m2
400mm 400mm qeff 450

Dead 302.5 KN 660 KN

Load
For the soil pressure to be uniform
Live Load 440 KN 550 KN at the bottom of the footing, the
centroid of the total area should
coincide with the location of the
resultant of the loads P.

Px=
∑ (Pi x i ¿ + M t )=( P 1 x 1+ M y1 ) +(P2 x 2 + M y 2)¿
1952.50 x = 742.50(0.20)
+1210(5.0)

x = 3.175 m

Step 2: Locate the center of

area by summation of moments
Solution:

∑ M Total Area= ∑ M Independent Areas

a. Value of B1 and B2 of the strap 4.339(3.175) = A1(0.60) + A1(5.0)
footing
Eq1

But, A2 = 4.339 - A1 Eq2

Step 1: Compute the
required area of the two Substitute Eq 2 in Eq 1:
spread footings 4.339(3.175) = A1(0.60) + (4.339- A1
P1= 302.5 + 440 = ) (5.0)
742.50 KN A1= 1.800m2
P2= 660 + 550 = 1210
A1= 1.20 B1
KN
1.800 = 1.20 B1
P = P1 + P2= 742.5 + 1210
= 1952.50 KN B1 = 1.500 m

A2 =1.60 B2

2.539 = 1.60 B2

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B2 = 1.587 m R1 1164.545
W u1 = = =776.363 KN /m
1.500 1.500
b. Design shear for the strap
beam V A = 776.363(1.20) - 1067.50 = -
Step 3: Finding Maximum shear 135.864 Kn
strap for beam occurs at point c. Design Moment for the strap
A beam

Pu 1 = 1.2 M A = 776.363(1.20)(0.60)-
P DL1+ 1.6 P ¿1=1.2 ( 302.5 ) +1.6 ( 440 )=1067.50 KN 1067.50(1.0) = -508.519 kNm

Use:

Pu 1 = 1.4 P DL1 = 1.4(302.5) = 432.50

KN

Pu 2 = 1.2
P DL2 +1.6 P ¿2=1.2 ( 660 ) +1.6 ( 550 ) =1672 KN

Use:

Pu 2 = 1.4 P DL2 = 1.4(660) = 942 KN

∑ M R 2=0
4.40 R1 – 1067.50(4.8) = 0

R1 = 1164.545 KN

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PROBLEM 3.
Solution:
Sample Problems:
Step 1: Compute the
Problem 3. A strap footing consists
required area of the two
of two footings connected by a
spread footings
strap beam as shown in the figure.
Effective soil pressure is 240 kPa . The P1=120+214=334 kN
columns are spaced at 4.8 m apart to P2=266+ 360=626 kN
center. P=P1 + P2=334+626=960 kN
P 960 2
a. Determine the size B1for A footing= = =4.0 m
q eff 240
footing 1
b. Determine the size B2for For the soil pressure to
footing 2 be uniform at the bottom of
c. Determine the design the footing, the centroid of
moment for the strap beam the total area should coincide
with the location of the
resultant of the loads P
C1 C2
400m 400m
P x=∑ ( Pi xi + M i ) =( P1 x 1 + M y 1) + ( P2 x 2 + M y )
mx mx
960 x=334 ( 0.20 ) +30+625 ( 5.0 ) +50
400m 400m
m m x=3.413 m
Step 2: Locate the center
Dead 120 kN 266 kN of area by summation of
Load moments
Live Load 214 kN 360 kN ∑ M Total Area=¿ ∑ M Independent Areas ¿
4.0 ( 3.413 )= A1 ( 0.60 ) + A2 ( 5.0 ) → Eq 1
Earthquak 30 kNm 50 kNm But, A2=4.0−A 1 → Eq 2
e Load
Substitute Eq 2 in Eq 1:
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 4.0 ( 3.413 )= A1 ( 0.60 ) + ( 4.0− A 1) ( 5.0 )
A1=1.443 m
2 M A =425.965 ( 1.20 ) ( 0.60 ) +30−486.4 ( 1.0 )=−

a. Size B1for footing 1

A1=1.20 B11.443=1.20 B1
B1=1.203 m

b. Size B2 for footing 2

2
A2=4.0−1.443=2.557 m
A2=1.60 B22.557=1.60 B 2
B2=1.598 m

Step 3. Design moment for the

strap beam Maximum moment
for strip beam occurs at point A

Pu 1=1.2 PDL 1+1.6 P¿ 1=1.2 (120 )+ 1.6 ( 214 ) =486.4 kN →use

Pu 1=1.4 P DL1=1.4 ( 120 )=168 kN
Pu 1=1.2 PDL 1+1.0 P¿ 1+1 , 0 PE 1=1.2 ( 120 )+1.0 ( 214 ) +1.0(0)=358 kN
Pu 2=1.2 PDL 2+1.6 P¿ 2=1.2 ( 300 ) +1.6 ( 340 )=904 kN → use
Pu 2=1.4 P DL2=1.4 ( 300 )=420 kN
Pu 2=1.2 PDL 2+1.0 P¿ 2+1 , 0 PE 2=1.2 (300 )+ 1.0 (340 ) +1.0 ( 0 )=700 kN
M u 1=1.2 M DL1 +1.0 M ¿1 +1 ,0 M E 1=1.2 ( 0 ) +1.0 ( 0 ) +1.0 ( 30 )=30 kNm
M u 1=1.2 M DL2 +1.0 M ¿2 +1 ,0 M E 2=1.2 ( 0 ) +1.0 ( 0 ) +1.0(50)=50 kNm

∑ M R 2=0
4.40 R 1+30+ 50−486.4 ( 4.8 )=0
R1=512.436 kN

R1 512.436
w u 1= = =425.965 kN /m
1.203 1.203

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