Annotation Based Configuration:
In Spring Framework annotation-based configuration instead of using XML for
describing the bean wiring, you have the choice to move the bean
configuration into component class. It is done by using annotations on the
relevant class, method or the field declaration.
Below is the configuration file in case you want to use annotation in your
application:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
">
<context:component-scan
base-package=””></context:component-scan>
</beans>
<context:component-scan> detects the annotations by package scanning. To
put it differently, it tells Spring which packages need to be scanned to look for
the annotated beans or components.
@Component, @Repository, @Service, @Controller, @RestController, and
@Configuration are several ones that <context:component-scan> can detect.
In base-package attribute we need to specify the package it need to scan for
annotations
Now let’s see Inversion Of control using annotations
Steps to Make annotation based Configuration
Step 1: Mention the base package in xml file
<context:component-scan
base-package="com.tapacad.spring"></context:component-scan>
// com.tapacad.spring is the package name where all the
classes are available
annotationApplicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/contex
t"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xs
d
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-contex
t.xsd">
<context:component-scan
base-package="com.tapacad.spring"></context:component-scan>
</beans>
Step 2: Now we need to make class as bean using @component
annotation
@Component is an annotation that allows Spring to automatically
detect our custom beans.
Add @component(mention the id that is specified in the configuration
file) to the class to represent it as bean to avoid xml configuration that
we used to do for bmw class as shown below
<bean id="bmw" class="com.tapacad.spring.BMW">
<constructor-arg ref ="engine"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
BMW.java
@Component("bmw") // Now BMW class is a bean
public class BMW implements Car
{
//Logic
}
Bean represented for nano in xml is replaced by @component(“nano”) as
shown below
<bean id="nano" class="com.tapacad.spring.Nano">
<constructor-arg ref ="engine"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
Nano.java
@Component("nano")
public class Nano implements Car
{
}
Bean represented for audi in xml is replaced by @component(“audi”) as
shown below
<bean id ="audi" class="com.tapacad.spring.Audi" >
<property name="rocketEngine" ref =
"engine"></property>
<property name="colour" value =
"${colour}"></property>
<property name="price" value = "${price}"></property>
</bean>
Audi.java
@Component("audi")
public class Audi implements Car
{
//Logic
}
Bean represented for Rocket Engine in xml is replaced by
@component(“engine”) as shown below
<bean id ="engine" class="com.tapacad.spring.RocketEngine">
</bean>
RocketEngine.java
@Component("engine")
public class RocketEngine implements Engine
{
//Logic
}
Step 3: Now let’s try to load annotationApplicationContext.xml file and
print object reference
MyApp7.java
package com.tapacad.spring;
import
org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplication
Context;
public class MyApp7 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Load annotation Application context
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("annotateApplicationContext.
xml");
// Get bean
Car car = context.getBean("audi", Car.class);
// call getCarDetails()
System.out.println(car);
// close context
context.close();
}
}
Output:
If you observe from the above output you have got object reference of audi.
This is only inversion of control in case of annotations
Dependency Injection Using Annotations
Scenario:
Now let’s try to get bmw bean and rocket engine bean that we have declared
in bmw
MyApp8.java
package com.tapacad.spring;
import
org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplication
Context;
public class MyApp8 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Load Application context
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context =
new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("annotateApplicationContext.
xml");
// Get bean
Car car = context.getBean("bmw", Car.class);
// call getCarDetails() and getEngineDetail
System.out.println(car.getCarDetails());
System.out.println(car.getEngineDetail());
// close context
context.close();
}
Output:
If you observe from the above output getCarDetail() and getEngineDetail()
executed successfully .
The only reason for this is we have declared the attribute as RocketEngine
in bmw class so it is creating a bean of RocketEngine as well.
