Lecture Notes 1
Topic: Integration
Also called anti-derivatives .
Symbol /fixs do
>
-
Types of Integration
indefinite definite
b
Sf(x) da If(x)
d
Layout of Integration
Functions
Techniques Applications
D Algebraic D
By derivatives ①
Eg of
. curve
② Trigonometric ② By Partial Fractions ② Area under curve
③ Exponential ③ Parts ③ volume of
By
⑦ Linear Reciprocal O substitution revolution
By
⑤ Quadratic Reciprocal ⑤ By Identities
⑥ StandardForm
By
1. Integration of algebraic function
Formulae:
①
Jandu = + cnt -
②
Jadu = ax + c
+)
au + by
③
Scan + b) du =_
a(n + 1)
+ c
n= 1
② -
Y
Integrate w r t.
. .
x
① Sada ② So do ③
It
+ + Sa da
+ a
-+C
④
Ide -da Sid
Sedu -
4x + 2
So du
+ c
-
-
-+ z
⑦
If ⑧
It ⑨ ((x + 1)du
Stx1zdu Saibledn -
A e 1(x
+
Am
&E
-
+ C
Am
((2x + 3)"du
(
In du
33 S(-2x)"du
+
+ (2n + 3)3 + c #
-2x(3
-
+ c
(441-2u) du
S2(4x-355dx #
3 -
- ( - 2x) +
Am
& (4x - 3)23 +C
E Am
2. Integration of trig. Function
Formulae:
① /Since du = - Cosa + C MF-19
② JSinCau + bidn =
Elan
b) +
③
/lossdu =
Sinc + c MF-19
① /Cos (an + b) dn
=+ an
⑤(Secsdu = tance + c MF-19
⑧ /See Can + b) du =
Aman + +3)
Formulae: >
-
T
COS2x = 1-2 Sinc
① Since =
↓(1-Cos2x) 2 Sin = 1-CosIn
② Cos =
+(1 + Cos2u)
Sinc =
-(1-cos2n)
③ tan = Secx-1
Cos2x = 2Cosx -1
1 + tom = Sechic 2Cos" = 1+ Cos2n
tanu = Sec'x-1
Cos =
-11 + cos2n
①
Cos
Los
-
-
+
& 12
2Cos + C
3 Cos2n 5 Sin3n
+C
tan2
+ C
-
2
- +
2 3 2
2 Sin (1-5x) 3 (os(2x+ 1) 2 tan(5x 2)
+ c + c
- -
+ c
-
5 =
2 5
Esin(15) &( 1)
tom (5x
+C -
+ + -
2) + c
-
②
Tl6
Sin ti It
40 -
Los tanza
[Sin(4) Sin(4x0)] 12 -
↓
-
- 2
(Cosb-Cos] /tanDi-tan12x
E
I
HW
-
IT
"It
Sinn 5x-2 tanx
--Cosan >
-
D
I
-
=
( _ h Sin za-2 +
(-cs +
sind) => 2 +
- -2
th
=
5-4
=
(t 1) [ z o]
+ -
-
+
=> 2 Am
③
3/2(Hos2da 9/L(Hosadn (l-csbd o
c 2(x sin) c(x-six) +
=> (x Sin]
+ +
+ +
6
In-L Sindat
Sin2 2x 2 Sinn +c
+
+ in
S2(Secic-11dn S6(Seisn-1)dn Scosadu
2 [tanx -x] + c 6
(tanx] +
J(t(1 +
cos2u)] "du
2 tann - 2n + c 2 tanza - Sn + c
+)) + 26s22 + 1052n)du
-((1 1(1 (ostn)]dn
+ 2cossn + +
↑ () 1 + (n) + 21012n + d
+
↓ (x R +
+
Sintin
↓ u +
↓ Sinan +
La +
Eu +
↓Sind + Sinn A
is
Integration of trig functions (Continues….) 2. 9 - 10
2 - 24
SSinida -Cos Sinic
1(1-Cos2) 2 /
= + 1 = :
<
.
2 Scossdi = Sinc + C 2 Cos =
1 (1 + Cs2x) 2 : 1
3 Ssecda = Yank + c 3 tan =
Sec-11 : 1
④
-Cos2l
↓ (x-s
↓ -Sin)-(0-sil
-
↓Y
11/6
It costd
/(Sec2-1) da
- ( +
Sindi (tanau-x)
(ttan-1) (famo 0
- -
- [( + Sint) -
(o +
+Sico))
S=
↓
↓
itAn
⑤
as (+
-Sec o
(t(x +
sin) -
tan]
# ( + Sin)-tan) -
(0 + to
-
2i + 353 - as
24
215-555 Am
24
go Sinza = 2 Sinc Cosn
2 Sinzu = 4 SinnCosn
T14
J(4 Sin + ↑ Sinc Con + Costi) d
is14
S((x _ (1-Cos2u) + 2Sin2m +
+ (1
+
(oc2n)]d
iT14
2
(x- Sin) 2) + -
( +
Se
2
( - Sin Cin -
2
(0 1 Sino)
-
- Cos0
+1 (0 +
1 Sin0)
( -1 - 0
+ ) + - (0 - 1 + 0
-1 + +
& ii + 15 + 2 =
51 + 2 Am
& &
<
e
Cos 1012n)
% =
(1 +
2 los = 1 + Los In
2l0s" 2n =
1 + cost
T/6
T16
&(Sec + cosu)dn
Send
i/6 /G
↓ (Secin + (1 +
(012n)) d E
second
san) = (
tanc
+( +
O Stan tano) = - Am
tani +
↓ ( Sinz)
+ -
(Famo (0 = +
Sind)
- 0 - 00
85 + 215 + 35
&
2
211 + 115
Am
24
(i) f(x) = ↑ (loss)
f (x) = & Cossn /- Sin 31)(3)
f(x) = - 24 SinSuCosSn
f() = - 24 Sin ir Cos 31
9
f'(f) = - 613
(ii)
Stud ( =
+ cosEndu =
(4x + (1 + Cosbuldn
2(x Sin] + +
↓ Singa
21 + + C
a)
/(4 + Sec2-1) du
((3 + Sec2u)da
3x + kan2n
+ C
2
<
11
3. Integration of exponential function
Formulae:
① Jedu=en + c MF-19
②
Jeanthin =
am+
①
ezu Ge3
+ C ↑ C
2 3
23x + C
2 3x
220x
-
3
Ge
-
+ C + C
-
3 &
g8x
3 3
2e2
-
#
-
- +C + c
②
as edi 2) I d
↓
f)
Ye +
*
11 In
2 In 2
be
Je
5-2 + ze + 1)di
3 -
2
O ⑧
=
ez
2 - G
ed - 1 -
El - = 2e +
1 -
3
- = + ze
+
(i e 1 = 2e-Am
earze is, =
2-ze2 -
Le-10-2-
- +
= 2-
-(1 2)dm
-
+ ze + e
An
---
+
zein ene
·
-
x -
ze
Sanda =
x" +
n 1
+
+ c n = -
1
S x'da
.
=
= W
Sidn = In
y = In
I' =
+
Y =
h
4. Integration of linear reciprocal function
Formulae:
①
Stda = Inx + < MF-19
②
Sab = du
as God 2) 5)2 sudm the du
6) 5(n(2 3x)
d
3-
-
+ c
-
3
fnx
6
In (2-3x) + c
In (5-1
e
+ C
+
-
②
e 3
% dr d
3 In (2x -
7)2 4 In (3-2x)
2
=
-
: Ira-enb
=
/In ( -3) - (n( 7)
- - 2 In (3-2x) ?
In (3) (n)
In3
-
2 -
-
1)
2 In
In Au
-
-
293 Am
⑤
So
3
- + In (2x +
2
-
I
10
9 - 3 + 299 - 1 + 1 + 2h)
6 + 2919 -
2
4 + 2919 Am
In (2x -
1) = 1
2
I
-1-
In (2k -
1) = 2
2k - 1 = e =)( =
e
+ 1
5. Integration of quadratic reciprocal functions:
Formulae:
Stan M
as d
a)
↓ tan + ↑ tan" P +C
* +z du
Sap
d d
fanta
2 a
J Yedm +S an
L
tanic a
Sociaa
↓ o
c
-)x+) adm
↓ tan"
↓ tan fam En
a
Integration by derivative technique
Formula :
( dainful in
①
Side d )
⑨ d Stand Scotudn
I find Inflate
d
⑦
=
H W.
.
AN ERS
① Jadx =
a +
<
② Jada = ax + c
③ (lau + bl"du =
Lat bat a
① /Sinaidu = -
Cos + c Sin =
I (1-cs2u)
⑤ SSin(ax + b) du = -
(axb) +
⑥ Scosudu =
Sinc + C Cos =
↓(1 + costal
& (Cos(ax + bida =
Fant +
fami = See
⑧ /Secidu = tonce + <
⑨(Sec(ax + b) du =
tanan + b)
-
Stda =
Inx +
Jet da =
Ix+
=tan
dr = In full
<
