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The French Revolution - Summary Notes

The French Revolution, which began in 1789 and ended in the late 1790s, marked the transition from absolute monarchy to a republic in France. Key causes included social inequality, economic crisis, Enlightenment ideas, and weak leadership, leading to significant events like the storming of the Bastille and the Reign of Terror. The revolution ended with Napoleon Bonaparte's rise to power, promoting equality and inspiring future revolutions across Europe.

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168 views2 pages

The French Revolution - Summary Notes

The French Revolution, which began in 1789 and ended in the late 1790s, marked the transition from absolute monarchy to a republic in France. Key causes included social inequality, economic crisis, Enlightenment ideas, and weak leadership, leading to significant events like the storming of the Bastille and the Reign of Terror. The revolution ended with Napoleon Bonaparte's rise to power, promoting equality and inspiring future revolutions across Europe.

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drsc.hemjasani
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**The French Revolution - Summary Notes (Class 9 History)**

1. Introduction:

- The French Revolution began in 1789 and ended in the late 1790s with the rise of Napoleon

Bonaparte.

- It marked the end of absolute monarchy and the rise of a republic in France.

2. Causes of the French Revolution:

- Social Inequality: French society was divided into three Estates: Clergy (First Estate), Nobility

(Second Estate), and Commoners (Third Estate).

- Economic Crisis: France faced a severe financial crisis due to war debts and lavish spending by

the monarchy.

- Enlightenment Ideas: Philosophers like Rousseau, Voltaire, and Montesquieu inspired people to

demand equality and freedom.

- Weak Leadership: King Louis XVI's indecisiveness further worsened the situation.

3. Key Events:

- 1789:

- Meeting of the Estates-General.

- Formation of the National Assembly by the Third Estate.

- Storming of the Bastille on July 14.

- 1791: New constitution that limited monarchy.

- 1792-93: Monarchy abolished, France declared a Republic.

- 1793-94: Reign of Terror led by Robespierre; mass executions by guillotine.

- 1795-99: Rise of the Directory government.

4. Rise of Napoleon:
- In 1799, Napoleon Bonaparte staged a coup and ended the revolution.

- He established himself as First Consul and later Emperor.

5. Impact of the Revolution:

- Ended feudal privileges and promoted equality.

- Spread of revolutionary ideas across Europe.

- Inspired other revolutions (e.g., Haitian Revolution).

6. Conclusion:

- The French Revolution was a turning point in world history.

- It laid the foundation for modern democratic governments and civil rights.

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