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TỪ VỰNG CHỦ ĐỀ: ENDANGERED SPECIES VÀ HEALTH
Tài liệu bài giảng
Giáo viên: Nguyễn Thanh Hương
ENDANGERED SPECIES
I. Vocabulary:
STT Từ vựng Từ loại Phiên âm Dịch nghĩa
1 Adapt V /əˈdæpt/ Thích nghi
Adaptation N /ˌædæpˈteɪʃn/ Sự thích nghi
2 Allocate V /ˈæləkeɪt/ Phân bổ
3 Aquatic Adj /əˈkwæt.ɪk/ Sống ở môi trường nước
4 Biodiversity N /ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːsəti/ Đa dạng sinh học
5 Boycott V /ˈbɔɪkɒt/ Tẩy chay
6 Breed V /briːd/ Sinh sản
7 Captivate V /ˈkæptɪveɪt/ Thu hút, làm say đắm
Captivating Adj /ˈkæptɪveɪtɪŋ/ Thu hút, say mê
8 Capture V /ˈkæptʃə(r)/ Bắt giữ
Captivity N /kæpˈtɪvəti/ Sự bắt giữ, sự giam cầm
9 Contaminate V /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/ Làm ô nhiễm
Contamination N /kənˌtæmɪˈneɪʃn/ Sự ô nhiễm
10 Carnivore N /ˈkɑːnɪvɔː(r)/ Động vật ăn thịt
11 Dominant Adj /ˈdɒmɪnənt/ Thống trị
Dominance N /ˈdɒmɪnəns/ Sự thống trị, áp đảo
12 Deter V /dɪˈtɜːr/ Ngăn chặn
Deterrent N /dɪˈterənt/ Điều ngăn chặn
13 Ecosystem N /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ Hệ sinh thái
14 Evolve V /ɪˈvɒlv/ Tiến hóa
Evolution N /ˌevəˈluːʃn/ Sự tiến hóa
15 Extinct Adj /ɪkˈstɪŋkt/ Tuyệt chủng
Extinction N /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/ Sự tuyệt chủng
16 Express V /ɪkˈspres/ Bày tỏ, biểu lộ
Expression N /ɪkˈspreʃn/ Sự thể hiện
17 Exotic Adj /ɪɡˈzɒtɪk/ Lạ, hiếm
19 Exterminate V /ɪkˈstɜːmɪneɪt/ Hủy diệt, triệt tiêu
19 Gestation N /dʒeˈsteɪʃn/ Thời kì thai nghén
20 Herbicide N /ˈhɜːbɪsaɪd/ Thuốc diệt cỏ
Herbivore N /ˈhɜːbɪvɔː(r)/ Động vật ăn cỏ
21 Mammal N /ˈmæml/ Động vật có vú
22 Marine Adj /məˈriːn/ Thuộc về biển, đại dương
23 Mature Adj /məˈtʃʊə(r)/ Trưởng thành
Maturity N /məˈtʃʊərəti/ Sự trưởng thành
24 Omnivore N /ˈɒmnɪvɔː(r)/ Động vật ăn tạp
25 Organism N /ˈɔːɡənɪzəm/ Sinh vật
26 Pesticide N /ˈpestɪsaɪd/ Thuốc trừ sâu
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27 Poach V /pəʊtʃ/ Săn trộm
Poacher N /ˈpəʊtʃə(r)/ Sự săn trộm
28 Predator N /ˈpredətə(r)/ Kẻ săn mồi
29 Sophisticated Adj /səˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd/ Phức tạp
30 Sanctuary N /ˈsæŋktʃuəri/ Khu bảo tồn, nơi trú ẩn
31 Survive V /səˈvaɪv/ Sinh tồn
Survival N /səˈvaɪvl/ Sự sinh tồn
Survivor N /səˈvaɪvə(r)/ Người sống sót
32 Reproduce V /ˌriːprəˈdjuːs/ Sinh sản
33 Timber N /ˈtɪmbə(r)/ Gỗ
34 Tissue N /ˈtɪʃuː/ Mô, tế bào
35 Trade V /treɪd/ Mua bán, trao đổi
36 Vulnerable Adj /ˈvʌlnərəbl/ Dễ bị tổn thương
II. Phrases:
STT Cụm từ Dịch nghĩa
1 In danger of/ threatened with extinction Có nguy cơ bị tuyệt chủng
On the verge of extinction
2 Free/release sb from captivity Thả ai khỏi sự giam cầm
Escape from captivity Thoát khỏi sự giam cầm
3 Regulation comes into force/ takes effect Luật bắt đầu có hiệu lực
4 In accordance with the regulations Tuân theo luật
5 Act/serve as a deterrent against something to Đóng vai trò như là điều ngăn chặn điều gì với ai
someone đó
6 Loss of habitat Mất môi trường sống
7 Allocate resources/budget Phân bổ tài nguyên/ ngân sách
8 Find/take shelter Tìm nơi trú ẩn
9 A lack of awareness Thiếu nhận thức
10 Biodiversity loss Mất đa dạng sinh học
11 Oil slick/ Oil spill Tràn dầu/ vụ tràn dầu
BÀI TẬP ỨNG DỤNG
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 7.
Earth is richly supplied with different types of living organisms which co-exist in their
environments, forming complex, interrelated communities. Living organisms depend on one another
for nutrients, shelter, and other benefits. The extinction of one species can set off a chain reaction
that affects many other species, particularly if the loss occurs near the bottom of the food chain. For
example, the extinction of a particular insect or plant might seem inconsequential. However, there
may be fish or small animals that depend on that resource for foodstuffs. The loss can threaten the
survival of these creatures and larger predators that prey upon them. Extinction can have a ripple
effect that spreads throughout nature.
In addition to its biological consequences, extinction poses a moral dilemma for humans, the only
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species capable of saving the others. The presence of humans on the planet has affected all other life
forms, particularly plants and animals. Human lifestyles have proven to be incompatible with the
survival of some other species. Purposeful efforts have been made to eliminate animals that prey on
people, livestock, crops, or pose any threat to human livelihoods. Some wild animals have been
decimated by human desire for meat, hides, fur, or other body parts with commercial value.
Likewise, demand for land, water, and other natural resources has left many wild plants and animals
with little to no suitable habitat. Humans have also affected nature by introducing non-native species
to local areas and producing pollutants having a negative impact on the environment. The
combination of these human-related effects and natural obstacles such as disease or low birthrates
has proven to be too much for some species to overcome. They have no chance of survival without
human help.
As a result, societies have difficult choices to make about the amount of effort and money they are
willing to spend to save imperiled species. Will people accept limits on their property rights,
recreational activities, and means of livelihood to save a plant or an animal? Should saving such
popular species as whales and dolphins take priority over saving obscure, annoying, or fearful
species? Is it the responsibility of humans to save every kind of life form from disappearing, or is
extinction an inevitable part of nature, in which the strong survive and the weak perish? These are
some difficult questions that people face as they ponder the fate of other species living on this planet.
(Source: http.//[Link])
Question 1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The importance of living organisms B. Causes of animal extinction
C. Humans and endangered species D. Measures to protect endangered species
Question 2. The word "inconsequential" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to.
A. unimportant B. unavoidable
C. unexpected D. unrecognizable
Question 3. Which of the following can result from the loss of one species in a food chain?
A. There might be a lack of food resources for some other species.
B. Animals will shift to another food chain in the community.
C. Larger predators will look for other types of prey.
D. The connections among the creatures in the food chain become closer.
Question 4. The word "They" in paragraph 2 refers to.
A. natural obstacles B. low birthrates
C. some species D. human-related effects
Question 5. In paragraph 2, non-native species are mentioned as.
A. an achievement of human beings B. a harmful factor to the environment
C. a kind of useful plants D. a kind of harmless animals
Question 6. The word "perish" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to.
A. disappear B. complete C. remain D. develop
Question 7. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. Animal and plant species which pose threats to humans will die out soon.
B. Humans will make changes in their lifestyles to save other species.
C. The dilemma humans face between maintaining their lives and saving other species remains.
D. Saving popular animal and plant species should be given a high priority.
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HEALTH
STT Từ vựng Từ loại Phiên âm Dịch nghĩa
1 Boost V /buːst đẩy mạnh, nâng lên
2 Diet N /ˈdaɪət/ chế độ ăn uống
Dietary ADJ /ˈdaɪətəri/ thuộc về chế độ ăn uống
(be) on diet đang ăn kiêng/ ăn theo chế độ
3 Immune system [Link] /ɪˈmjuːn sɪstəm/ hệ miễn dịch
4 Remedy N /ˈrem.ə.di/ phương thức chữa trị
Natural remedy /ˌnætʃrəlˈremədi/ phương pháp trị liệu dựa vào thiên nhiên
5 Intake N /ˈɪ[Link]ɪk/ sự nhận vào
6 Relieve V /rɪˈliːv/ làm nhẹ đi/ làm dịu đi
Relief N /rɪˈliːf/ sự làm dịu đi
What a relief! nhẹ cả người
7 Breakthrough N /ˈbreɪk.θruː/ sự đột phá
8 Swell V /swel/ to ra, sưng lên
9 Infectious ADJ /ɪnˈfek.ʃəs/ lây nhiễm/ truyền nhiễm
10 Longevity N /lɒnˈdʒev.ə.ti/ sống lâu
11 Hygiene N /ˈhaɪ.dʒiːn/ vệ sinh
12 Obese ADJ /əʊˈbiːs/ béo phì
Obesity N /əʊˈbiː.sə.ti/ sự béo phì
13 Principle N /ˈprɪn.sə.pəl/ nguyên lí/ nguyên tắc
14 Life expectancy N /ˈlaɪf ɪk’spektənsi/ tuổi thọ
15 Meditation N /ˌmedɪˈteɪʃn/ thiền định
16 Nutrition N /njuˈtrɪʃn/ sự dinh dưỡng
Nutritious ADJ /njuˈtrɪʃəs/ bổ dưỡng, có chất dinh dưỡng
17 Prescription N /prɪˈskrɪpʃn - ˈmedsn/ thuốc do bác sĩ kê đơn
Medicine
18 Stress-free N /stres - friː/ không bị căng thẳng
19 Workout N /ˈwɜːkaʊt/ luyện tập thể lực
BÀI TẬP ỨNG DỤNG
Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
1. Children often get vaccinated in order to be immune to fatal diseases.
A. susceptible B. vulnerable C. allowed D. resistant
2. This kind of fruit helps to boost the immune system.
A. decrease B. reduce C. increase D. maintain
3. Life expectancy for both men and women has improved greatly in the past twenty years.
A. Living standard B. Longevity C. Life skills D. Lifeline
4. Here are some principles for people to stick to if they want to stay healthy.
A. rules B. principals C. laws D. duties
5. If you take this medicine, you will recover quickly.
A. get well B. get on C. get up D. get in
6. Too much fast food consumption can increase the risk of obesity and heart disease.
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A. being underweight B. being overweight
C. malnutrition D. fitness
7. A popular way to relieve stress in today's busy lifestyles is practising meditation.
A. reduce B. relax C. repeat D. require
8. People can fight infection more easily if they have an adequate diet.
A. injection B. disease C. hygiene D. each other
Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
1. You need to do some warm-up exercise such as stretching before you start your yoga practice.
A. remaining B. declining C. developing D. shrinking
2. Stretching will relax your muscles and prevent any damage to your joints.
A. allow B. avoid C. limit D. protest
3. When you walk, don't look at your feet. This will slow you down and cause back pain.
A. result in B. result from C. lead to D. activate
4. After hundreds of rejections by the employers, I decided that I need to do something about my
obesity.
A. denial B. approval C. refusal D. rebuttal
5. My family totally supported me during my fight against obesity.
A. aided B. discouraged C. assisted D. promoted
Giáo viên: Nguyễn Thanh Hương
Nguồn: Hocmai
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