1.

The meaning of automotive: motive is the one which can move, automotive
which can move by itself, automobile is a self-propelled vehicle.
2.The meaning of engine: it is the main source of linear motion of automation
IC engine: responsible for converting the chemical fuel energy into rotation
mechanical engine
3. Why The automobile industry is the locomotive of the global economy &
80% of the world industries and their development are applied in the
Automotive industry fields? because it drives technological innovation,
creates millions of jobs, and supports a vast supply chain. It impacts other
sectors like manufacturing, trade, energy, and infrastructure. The demand for
cars stimulates growth in industries such as steel, electronics, and finance.
With its significant role in shaping economic activity and global trade, it
influences around 80% of other industries worldwide.
4. Objective of automobile: 1- It's used for transporting equipment unit. 2- The
power from IC engine is supplied to the wheels by the transmission system.
3- It is used for transporting the goods and passengers on the ground.
5. Classification of Automobiles Based on:
5.1 Purpose: 1- passenger carries 2- goods carries 3- special purposes
5.2 Fuel: 1- Petrol fuel vehicle 2- Diesel fuel vehicle 3- Nature gas vehicle
4-Electric vehicle 5-hydrogen vehicle 6- Steam vehicle 7- solar vehicle
8-hybrid engine vehicle
5.3 Capacity:1-Heavy transport vehicles (HTV) 2- Light transport vehicle (LTV)
3- Light motor vehicle (LMV) 4- Medium vehicle
5.4 Construction: 1- Single unit vehicle 2- Articulated vehicles and tractors
5.5 Drive: 1- Left hand drive 2- Right hand drive 3- Fluid drive
5.6 Powertrain Layout: 1- Front engine front wheel drive 2- Front engine rear
wheel drive 3- rear mid-engine rear wheel drive 4- Front engine four wheel
drive 4x4 5- Rear engine four wheel drive
5.7 Wheel and Axle: 1- Two wheelers 2- Three wheelers 3- Four wheelers
4- Six wheelers
5.8 Suspension system: 1- Conventional suspension
2- Dependent / codependent suspension 3- pneumatic suspension
5.9 Body and number of doors: 1.Sedan 4 doors 2. SUV 4 doors (can vary)
3. Hatchback – 3 or 5 doors 4. Pickup – 2 to 4 doors
5.10 Transmission: 1- Conventional 2- Semi Automatic 3- Automatic
6. Classification of engines based on: 6.1 Type of fuel used: 1- Petrol and
gasoline engine 2- Disel engine 3- Nature gas engine.
6.2 Cycle of operation: 1- Otto cycle engine 2- Diesel cycle engine
3- Dual combination cycle or semi diesel engine
6.3 Type of ignition used: 1- Spark ignition engine 2- hot spot ignition engine
3- Compression ignition engine
6.4 Method of fuel admission: 1- carburetor engine (Petrol) 2- Air fuel
injection engine (Diesel) 3- Airless or solid injection engine (Diesel)
6.5 Number of strokes per cycle: 1- two stroke engine 2- four stroke engine
6.6 Arrangement of cylinders: 1- vertical 2- horizontal 3- Radial 4- V-engine
5- Opposed cylinder engine
6.7 Valve location: 1- overhead valve engine 2- side valve engine
6.8 Type of cooling engine: 1- air cooled engine 2- water cooled engine
6.9 Lubrication systems: 1- wet sump 2- dry sump 3- pressurized
6.10 Speed: 1- Slow speed 2- Medium speed 3- high speed
6.11 Applications: 1- automobile engine 2- Stationary engine 3- Marine
engine 4- Locomotive engine 5- motorcycle engine
6.12 Auto industry: 1- Worldwide 2- in Egypt
7. Four Stroke engine:
1-intake stroke 2- compression stroke 3- Power stroke 4- Exhaust stroke
8.Engine types: 1- Inline vertical engine 2- V-type engine 3- horizontal engine
4- Double cylinder engine 5- opposed cylinder engine 6- W-type engine
9. Automotive IC engine systems A) Engine mechanism components:
1-Valve 2- Valve actuating 3- piston 4- piston rings 5- Linears
6- connecting rod 7- crank shaft 8- cam shaft B) Engine system: 1- fuel and
injection system 2- ignition system 3- intake and exhaust system 4- turbo
charger 5- lubrication system 6- cooling system 7- coolant 8- anti-freeze
10. Cooling objective and function. 1- An automotive radiator is used as a
heat exchanger 2 – hot coolant from the engine is transferred to the radiator
and cooler coolant is transferred to the engine by heavy duty hoses
3-Types of radiators: 1- Cross flow 2- down flow
17. What is torque? It is turning force applied on an object
12.Lubrication system objective and function
A) Primary purpose of lubrication: to keep a clear layer of lubricating oil film
between the connecting surface of the running parts
B)Purpose of lubrication: 1- cooling 2- cleaning 3- Neutralization of ACID
products of combustion.
13. Function of lubrication. 1- reduce friction and wear between moving parts
2- Transfer heat away from engine parts 3- cleans the inside of the engine
4- cuts power losses and increases fuel economy 5- Absorbs shock between
moving parts.
14. Multi-Grade oil 10 W 30: 10: weight that oil emulates in cold - W: Stands
for winter - 30: Oil weight under normal operating conditions
15. Exploded view of an oil filter. 1- Relief spring 2- Bypass valve 3- Support
tube 4- filter medio 5- anti-drain valve 6- cover plate 7- sealing ring
16.Controlled oil pumps classifications:
A) Gear pumps: 1- External gear pumps 2-Internal gear pumps
B) Cell pumps: 1- Vone pumps 2- pendulum slider pumps
18. How many types of auto fuel systems? 1- Single point fuel injection.
2- multi point fuel injection. 3- Sequential fuel injection 4- direct fuel injection
19. What is Lamba sensor position and function? Lamba sensor or oxygen
sensor is a vital element in your cars emission system, ensuring that your fuel
mixture has the right amount of oxygen for efficient and environmentally
friendly combustion, and It’s located in the exhaust system
20. What is an electric vehicle?
any vehicle propelled by electric direction takin power from batteries or
electric energy source such as (solar panel – fuel cell)
21. Types of electric vehicle: 1- Hybrid electric vehicles 2- Plug in hybrid
electric vehicles 3- Battery electric vehicles
22. Major component of electric vehicle: 1- Power inverter 2- electric motor
3- Battery management system 4- Onboard charger 5- charge port 6-Battery
23. Importance of electric vehicles: 1- environmental benefits 2- energy
security 3- cost savings 4- Technological innovation 5- health benefits
24. What is Anti-lock braking system (ABS)?
Braking system convert kinetic energy into thermal energy. It’s a safety feature
that prevents wheels from looking up while braking to avoid skidding
25. Evolution of brake system: 1- spoon brakes 2- Drum brakes
3- hydraulic brakes 4- Disc Brakes 5- Anti-lock Brakes (ABS)
26.The role of mechatronics system in local progress for the automotive
industry. to improve the control system in automotive such as ignition
system, Injection system, Electric motor and drive system and develop safety
system.
27. Why V-shaped engines are used in sports cars instead of inline engines?
V-shaped engines are used in sports cars because they offer better balance,
higher power output, and smoother operation, all of which improve
performance, handling, and stability.
28. Why are V-engines less smooth when compared to inline engines?
V-engines are less smooth than inline engines because the cylinders are
angled, causing uneven firing and vibrations. Inline engines have a straight
arrangement, which makes the firing more even and smoother.