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Geological Map

A geological map is a specialized map that displays the types of rocks and geological features on the Earth's surface, using color schemes, letter symbols, and lines to represent different geological units and structures. Key features include contact lines, faults, folds, and a map key that explains the symbols used. Geological maps also provide information on the distribution of earth materials, their physical characteristics, and the relative ages of the units represented.

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Jasmine Gumandoy
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427 views18 pages

Geological Map

A geological map is a specialized map that displays the types of rocks and geological features on the Earth's surface, using color schemes, letter symbols, and lines to represent different geological units and structures. Key features include contact lines, faults, folds, and a map key that explains the symbols used. Geological maps also provide information on the distribution of earth materials, their physical characteristics, and the relative ages of the units represented.

Uploaded by

Jasmine Gumandoy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

-GEOLOGICAL MAP-

•What is a Geological Map?

-Geological map is a special purpose map made to show geological features.

A geologic map is a made of the different types of rocks or structures that


are on the surface of the Earth.

Geologic maps are used to interpret the structure, Stratigraphy, Mineralogy,


Paleontology, and the historical record of the Earth’s crust.

•Features of Geological Map

1. Color Scheme.

- The most striking features of geologic maps are its colors. Each color
represents a different geologic unit. A geologic unit is a volume of a
certain kind of rock of a given age range.
2. Letter Symbols

-Usually the symbol is the combination of an initial capital letter followed


by one or more small letters.

-The capital letter represents the age of the geologic unit. Geologists have
divided the history of the Earth into Eons (the largest division), Eras,
Periods, and Epochs, mostly based on the fossils found in rocks.

3. Lines

A. Contact lines

-The place where two different geologic units are found next to each other is
called a contact, and that is represented by different kinds of lines on the
geologic map.

-The two main types of contacts shown on most geologic maps are
depositional contacts and faults.

B. Faults
-Faults can cut through a single geologic unit. These faults are shown with
the same thick line on the map, but have the same geologic unit on both
sides.

C. Folds

-Another kind of line shown on most geologic maps is a fold axis.

-In addition to being moved by faults, geologic units can also be bent and
warped by the same forces into rounded wavelike shapes called folds.

D. Strikes and dips

-Tilted beds are shown on a geological map with a strike and dip symbol.

-The symbol consists of three parts: a long line, a short line, and a number.
The long line is called the strike line, and shows the direction in the bed that
is still horizontal. The strike line shows that horizontal direction in the beds.
The short line is called the dip line, and shows which way the bed is tilted.
4. Map Key

-All geologic maps come with a table called a map key. In the map key, all
the colors and symbols are shown and explained.

• Parts of Geological Map

1. Map
Geologic maps are idealized pictures of the distribution of earth materials at
or near the ground surface.
2. Explanation

The description of map units defines each earth material (map unit) shown
on the geologic map. Each map unit is defined by its own unique color,
name-abbreviation, and text describing physical characteristics.

3. Scale

The map scale relates the size of geologic features shown on the map to the
actual size of those features. A scale of 1:100,000 means that one unit (an
inch, for example) is equal to 100,000 units in real life.
4. Symbols – This area shows diagrams, names, and descriptions of every
symbol used on the map.
5. Correlation of map units

The correlation of map units shows the relative age of each type of earth
material (map unit) shown on the map.

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