SEMESTER III
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION CONTROL INCLUDING SAFETY
PLACEMENT : SEMESTER III MICR-201
THEORY : 2 Credits (40 hours)
PRACTICAL : 1 Credit (40 hours) (Lab/Experiential Learning – L/E)
SECTION A:
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
THEORY : 20 hours
PRACTICAL : 20 hours (Lab / Experiential Learning – L/E)
DESCRIPTION: This course is designed to enable students to acquire understanding of
fundamentals of Microbiology, compare and contrast different microbes and comprehend
the means of transmission and control of spread by various microorganisms. It also
provides opportunities for practicing infection control measures in hospital and community
settings.
COMPETENCIES: On completion of the course, the students will be able to:
1. Identify the ubiquity and diversity of microorganisms in the human body and the environment.
2. Classify and explain the morphology and growth of microbes.
3. Identify various types of microorganisms.
4. Explore mechanisms by which microorganisms cause disease.
5. Develop understanding of how the human immune system counteracts infection by specific
and non-specific mechanisms.
6. Apply the principles of preparation and use of vaccines in immunization.
7. Identify the contribution of the microbiologist and the microbiology laboratory to the diagnosis of
infection.
COURSE OUTLINE
T – Theory, L - Lab, L/E- Lab/Experiential Learning, E - Experiential Learning
Time Learning Teaching/ Learning Assessment
Unit Content
(Hrs) Outcomes Activities Methods
I Explain Introduction:
3 (T) concepts and Importance and relevance to Short answer
principles of nursing Lecture cum
microbiology Historical perspective
and its
Discussion Objective
Concepts and terminology type
importance in
nursing Principles of microbiology
II General characteristics of
10 (T) Describe Microbes:
Lecture cum Short answer
10 structure, Structure and classification of Discussion
(L/E) classification Microbes
morphology and Morphological types Objective
growth of Demonstration type
Size and form of bacteria
bacteria
Motility
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Time Learning Teaching/ Learning Assessment
Unit Content
(Hrs) Outcomes Activities Methods
Colonization
Identify Growth and nutrition of Experiential
Microorganisms microbes Learning through
Temperature visual
Moisture
Blood and body fluids
Laboratory methods for
Identification of
Microorganisms
Types of Staining – simple,
differential (Gram‘s, AFB),
special – capsular staining
(negative), spore, LPCB,
KOH mount.
Culture and media
preparation – solid and
liquid. Types of media – semi
synthetic, synthetic, enriched,
enrichment, selective and
differential media. Pure
culture techniques – tube
dilution, pour, spread, streak
plate. Anaerobic cultivation
of bacteria
III Pathogenic organisms
4 (T) Describe the Micro-organisms:
6 (L/E) different disease Cocci – gram positive and
producing gram negative; Bacilli – gram
organisms positive and gram negative Lecture cum
Viruses Discussion
Fungi: Short answer
Superficial and Deep Demonstration
mycoses
Objective
Parasites
Rodents & Vectors Experiential type
learning through
Characteristics, Source,
visual
portal of entry,
transmission of infection,
Identification of disease
producing micro-
organisms
IV Immunity
3 (T) Explain the Immunity: Types,
Lecture
4 (L/E) concepts of classification
immunity, hyper Antigen and antibody
sensitivity and reaction Discussion
immunization Short answer
Hypersensitivity reactions
Serological tests Demonstration
Immuno-globulins: Objective type
Structure, types & properties
Vaccines: Types & Visit to observe Visit report
classification, storage and vaccine storage
handling, cold chain,
Immunization for various Clinical practice
diseases
Immunization Schedule
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References /Recommended Books (Latest Edition)
1. R Ananthanarayan & CK Jayaram Paniker, Ananthanarayan and Paniker's Textbook of
Microbiology, edited by Reba Kanungo, Universities Press.
2. Nagoba P S, Puchare A. Medical Microbiology, Preparatory Manual for Undergraduates,
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd.
3. Balaji V, Ananthanarayan & Paniker. Textbook of Microbiology for Nurses, The Orient
Blackswan
4. Guptha S. A Short Text Book of Microbiology(including parasitology), Jaypee Brothers
Meidcal Publishers (P)Ltd
5. Tombury M C, Notes on Medical Microbiology, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh.
6. Shastri S. Apurba, Essentials of Medical Microbiology, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers
(P) Ltd.
7. Kumar Surinder, Textbook of Microbiology for BSc Nursing, Jaypee Brothers Medical
Publishers (P) Ltd.
8. Nagoba BS, Medical Microbiolgy and Parasitology, Elsevier, New Delhi.
9. Sasthri S Apurba, Essentials of Practical Microbiology, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers
(P) Ltd.
SECTION B:
INFECTION CONTROL & SAFETY
THEORY : 20 hours
PRACTICAL/LAB : 20 hours (Lab / Experiential Learning – L/E)
DESCRIPTION: This course is designed to help students to acquire knowledge and
develop competencies required for fundamental patient safety and infection control in
delivering patient care. It also focuses on identifying patient safety indicators, preventing
and managing hospital acquired infections, and in following universal precautions.
COMPETENCIES: The students will be able to:
1. Develop knowledge and understanding of Hospital acquired Infections (HAI) and effective
practices for prevention.
2. Integrate the knowledge of isolation (Barrier and reverse barrier) techniques in implementing
various precautions.
3. Demonstrate and practice steps in Hand washing and appropriate use of different types of PPE.
4. Illustrate various disinfection and sterilization methods and techniques.
5. Demonstrate knowledge and skill in specimen collection, handling and transport to optimize the
diagnosis for treatment.
6. Incorporate the principles and guidelines of Bio Medical waste management.
7. Apply the principles of Antibiotic stewardship in performing the nurses ‘role.
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8. Identify patient safety indicators and perform the role of nurse in the patient safety audit process.
9. Apply the knowledge of International Patient Safety Goals (IPSG) in the patient care settings.
10. Identify employee safety indicators and risk of occupational hazards.
11. Develop understanding of the various safety protocols and adhere to those protocols.
COURSE OUTLINE
T – Theory, L - Lab, L/E- Lab/Experiential Learning, E - Experiential Learning
Time Learning Teaching/ Learning Assessment
Unit Content
(Hrs) Outcomes Activities Methods
I HAI
2 (T) Summarize the (Hospital acquired Infection)
2 (E) evidence based Hospital acquired infection
and effective Bundle approach
patient care
practices for the - Prevention of Urinary Tract
Infection (UTI) Knowledge
prevention of assessment
common - Prevention of Surgical Site Lecture & Discussion
healthcare Infection (SSI)
associated - Prevention of Ventilator MCQ
Experiential learning
infections in the Associated events (VAE)
Healthcare - Prevention of Central Line Short answer
setting Associated Blood Stream
Infection (CLABSI)
Surveillance of HAI –
- Infection control team &
Infection control committee
II Isolation Precautions and use
3 (T) Demonstrate of Personal Protective
4 (L) appropriate use Equipment (PPE)
of different Types of isolation system, Lecture Performance
types of PPEs standard precaution and
and the critical assessment
transmission-based
use of risk precautions (Direct Contact, Demonstration & Re-
assessment Droplet, Indirect) demonstration OSCE
Epidemiology & Infection
prevention – CDC guidelines
Effective use of PPE
III Hand Hygiene
1 (T) Demonstrate the Types of Hand hygiene.
hand hygiene Lecture
2 (L) Hand washing and use of
practice and its Performance
alcohol hand rub
effectiveness on Demonstration & Re- assessment
infection control Moments of Hand Hygiene demonstration
WHO hand hygiene
promotion
IV Disinfection and sterilization
1 (T) Illustrates Definitions
disinfection and Lecture
2 (E) Types of disinfection and
sterilization in sterilization Short answer
the healthcare Discussion
setting Environment cleaning
Equipment Cleaning Objective type
Experiential learning
Guides on use of
through visit
disinfectants
Spaulding‘s principle
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Time Learning Teaching/ Learning Assessment
Unit Content
(Hrs) Outcomes Activities Methods
V Specimen Collection Knowledge
1 (T) Illustrate on (Review) evaluation
what, when, Principle of specimen
how, why collection
specimens are Quiz
Types of specimens
collected to
optimize the Collection techniques and Discussion
diagnosis for special considerations
treatment and Appropriate containers Performance
assessment
management. Transportation of the sample
Staff precautions in handling
specimens Checklist
VI BMW (Bio Medical Waste
2 (T) Explain on Bio Management)
2 (E) Medical waste Laundry management process
management & and infection control and
laundry prevention
Knowledge
management Waste management process Discussion
assessment by
and infection prevention short answers,
Staff precautions Demonstration objective type
Laundry management
Country ordinance and Experiential learning Performance
BMW National guidelines through visit assessment
2017: Segregation of wastes,
Colour coded waste
containers, waste collection
& storage, Packaging &
labeling, Transportation
VII Explain in detail Lecture
2 (T) about Antibiotic Antibiotic stewardship Short answer
stewardship,
Importance of Antibiotic Discussion
AMR
Stewardship Objective type
Anti-Microbial Resistance Written assignment
Describe
MRSA/ MDRO Prevention of MRSA, –Recent AMR Assessment of
and its MDRO in healthcare setting (Antimicrobial assignment
prevention resistance) guidelines
VIII Patient Safety Indicators
3 (T) Enlist the patient Care of Vulnerable patients
5 (L/E) safety indicators Prevention of Iatrogenic
followed in a
health care
injury Lecture Knowledge
organization and Care of lines, drains and assessment
the role of nurse tubing‘s Demonstration
in the patient Restrain policy and care – Performance
safety audit Physical and Chemical assessment
Experiential learning
process Blood & blood transfusion
policy Checklist/ OSCE
Prevention of IV
Complication
Prevention of Fall
Prevention of DVT
Shifting and transporting of
patients
Surgical safety
Care coordination event
related to medication Lecture
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Time Learning Teaching/ Learning Assessment
Unit Content
(Hrs) Outcomes Activities Methods
reconciliation and
administration Role play Knowledge
Prevention of assessment
communication errors
Inquiry Based
Prevention of HAI Learning Short answer
Documentation
Objective type
Captures and
Incidents and adverse Events
analyzes
incidents and Capturing of incidents
events for RCA (Root Cause Analysis)
quality CAPA (Corrective and
improvement Preventive Action)
Report writing
IX IPSG (International Patient
1 (T) Enumerate IPSG safety Goals)
and application Identify patient correctly
of the goals in Improve effective
the patient care communication
settings.
Improve safety of High Alert Lecture
medication
Objective type
Ensure safe surgery
Role play
Reduce the risk of health
care associated infection
Reduce the risk of patient
harm resulting from falls
Reduce the harm associated
with clinical alarm system
X Safety protocol
2 (T) Enumerate the 5S (Sort, Set in order, Shine,
3 (L/E) various safety Standardize, Sustain)
protocols and its Radiation safety
applications
Laser safety
Fire safety
- Types and classification of
fire
- Fire alarms
- Firefighting equipment
HAZMAT (Hazardous Mock drills
Materials) safety Lecture
- Types of spill
Post tests
- Spillage management Demonstration/
- MSDS (Material Safety Experiential learning
Checklist
Data Sheets)
Environmental safety
- Risk assessment
- Aspect impact analysis
- Maintenance of Temp and
Humidity (Department
wise)
- Audits
Emergency Codes
Role of Nurse in times of
disaster
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Time Learning Teaching/ Learning Assessment
Unit Content
(Hrs) Outcomes Activities Methods
XI Employee Safety Indicators
2 (T) Explain Vaccination
importance of Needle stick injuries (NSI)
employee safety prevention
indicators
Fall prevention
Radiation safety Lecture
Annual health check Knowledge
Discussion assessment by
Identify risk of Healthcare Worker short answers,
occupational Immunization Program Lecture method objective type
hazards, and management of
prevention and occupational exposure Short answer
post exposure Occupational health
prophylaxis. ordinance Journal review
Vaccination program for
healthcare staff
Needle stick injuries and
prevention and post exposure
prophylaxis
*Experiential Learning:
Experiential learning is the process by which
knowledge is created through the process of
experience in the clinical field. Knowledge results
from the combination of grasping and transforming
experience. (Kolb, 1984). The experiential learning
cycle begins with an experience that the student has
had, followed by an opportunity to reflect on that
experience. Then students may conceptualize and draw
conclusions about what they experienced and observed,
leading to future actions in which the students
experiment with different behaviors. This begins the
new cycle as the students have new experiences based
on their experimentation. These steps may occur in
nearly and order as the learning progresses. As per the
need of the learner, the concrete components and
conceptual components can be in different order as they
may require a variety of cognitive and affective
behaviors.
References /Recommended Books (Latest Edition)
1. Shastri S Apurba. Essentials of Hospital Infection Control, Jaypee Brothers Medical
Publishers.
2. Jain Amita. Microbiology Practical Manual, Elsevier Publications.
3. Sasthri S Apurba. Text book of Essentials of Microbiology, Jaypee Brothers Medical
Publishers.
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