Unit 1: Introduction to Core Concepts and Technologies in Data Science
1. Introduction to Data Science
Data Science is an interdisciplinary field that involves extracting, analyzing, and interpreting complex
data to support decision-making. It combines various domains, such as statistics, mathematics,
programming, and business knowledge, to analyze large datasets effectively.
History and Evolution of Data Science
- 1950s-1970s: Data processing and statistical analysis became prevalent.
- 1980s-1990s: Growth in database management and business intelligence.
- 2000s-Present: Big Data and machine learning revolutionized the field.
2. Terminology in Data Science
Fundamental Concepts include terms like Data Science, Statistics, Machine Learning (ML), Big
Data, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Deep Learning, Data Mining, Data Wrangling, Feature Engineering.
3. The Data Science Process
Steps include Problem Definition, Data Collection, Cleaning, Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA),
Feature Engineering, Model Building, Model Evaluation, Deployment & Monitoring.
4. Data Science Toolkit
Programming languages: Python, R, SQL. Data processing tools: Pandas, NumPy, Dask.
Visualization tools: Matplotlib, Tableau. Big Data tools: Hadoop, Spark.
5. Types of Data
Structured, Unstructured, Semi-structured data. Primary vs Secondary data.
6. Example Applications
Healthcare: Disease prediction. Finance: Fraud detection. E-commerce: Personalized
recommendations. Social Media: Sentiment analysis. Autonomous Vehicles: Self-driving cars.
Conclusion
Data Science applies mathematical, computational, and statistical techniques to solve real-world
problems. It continues to evolve with AI, ML, and big data analytics.
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