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UNIT 2 - Spreading

The document discusses the concepts of spreading of one liquid on another, focusing on the work of adhesion and cohesion between immiscible liquids. It outlines three behaviors of a liquid drop on a surface: remaining as a lens, spreading as a duplex film, or spreading as a monolayer. The initial spreading coefficient is introduced as a criterion to determine whether spreading occurs spontaneously or if oil lenses form on the surface.

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decelestinomiguel2003
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105 views7 pages

UNIT 2 - Spreading

The document discusses the concepts of spreading of one liquid on another, focusing on the work of adhesion and cohesion between immiscible liquids. It outlines three behaviors of a liquid drop on a surface: remaining as a lens, spreading as a duplex film, or spreading as a monolayer. The initial spreading coefficient is introduced as a criterion to determine whether spreading occurs spontaneously or if oil lenses form on the surface.

Uploaded by

decelestinomiguel2003
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

UNIT 2

LIQUID-LIQUID INTERFACES:
SPREADING OF A LIQUID ON ANOTHER
Spreading
Adhesion and cohesion
Work of adhesion between two immiscible liquids is equal to the work
required to separate unit area of the liquid-liquid interface and form two
separate liquid-air interfaces and is given by:
Wa   A dA   BdB   ABdA   A   B   AB Dupre Equation
Since dA = dB = dAB = 1
Work of cohesion corresponds to the work required to pull apart a
volume of unit cross-sectional area and is given by:
Wc   A dA   A dA   A  1   A  1  2 A

Work of adhesion Work of Cohesion


Spreading of one liquid on another

When a drop of an insoluble liquid, such as oil, is placed on a


clean liquid, e.g. water, or solid surface, it may behave in one
of three ways:

1. Remain as a lens (non-spreading), i.e. liquid does not wet


the surface.
Spreading of one liquid on another

2. Spread as a thin film, which may show interference colours, until


it is uniformly distributed over the surface as a 'duplex' film. A
duplex film is a film which is thick enough for the two interfaces - i.e.
liquid-film and film-air - to be independent and possess
characteristic surface tensions. The liquid wets the surface.
ow oa
Air Oil

Water
Spreading of one liquid on another

3. Spread as a monolayer, leaving excess oil as lenses in equilibrium,


i.e. a monolayer spreads until spreading is not favourable; excess oil is left in
equilibrium with the spread monolayer

Oil oa
oa oa Air
wo ow wo

Water
What determines whether the lens below will spread over a surface to form a thick
wetting film? To deduce which of the three will be formed, i.e. lens, duplex film or lens
+ duplex film?
Harkins defined the term initial spreading coefficient (for the case of oil on water) as

Substituting in the Dupre equation, the spreading coefficient can be related to the
work of adhesion and cohesion
Criteria for initial spreading: The spreading coefficient
(defined earlier) is indicative of the difference in the
adhesive forces between liquid 1 and liquid 2 (or the
solid), and the cohesive forces that exist in liquid 1
• S > 0, spreading occurs spontaneously
ow oa
Air Oil

Water

• S < 0, formation of oil lenses on surface


Oil

 wa qe Air

 oa  ow Water

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