Chapter – 4
Pythagoras’ theorem
Review set 4A:
1. a) 22 + 52 = x2 b). 42 + x2 = 72 c). 92 + x2 = (2x)2
4 + 25 = x2 x 2 = 72 - 42 81 = (2x)2 – x2
29 = x2 x = √49 - √16 81 = 4x2 – x2
√29 = x x = √33 81 = 3x2
x = √81/3
x = √27
2x = 2√27
2 2 2
2. If AB + BC = BC , then aABC is a right angled triangle,
42 + 12 = (√17)2
16 + 1 = 17
17 = 17
Hence, ABC is a right angled triangle.
3. If 52 + 112 = 132, then it is a Pythagorean triple
25 + 121 = 169
146 ≠ 169
Hence, (5, 11, 13) is not a Pythagorean triple
4. In triangle, ABC, C D
AB2 + BC2 = AC2 1A15
AB2 = AC2 – BC2 8cm
AB2 = (15)2 – (8)2
AB2 = 225 – 64 A B
AB2 = 161
AB = √161 = 12.68 cm
Perimeter of rect. ABCD = 2(l + b)
= 2(AB + BC)
= 2(12.68 + 8)
= 2 × 20.68
= 41.36 cm
5. The shortest distance from the center of a circle to the chord is the altitude of the
chord, it bisects the chord
Since, the radius of the circle, the altitude of the chord and the half of chord forms a
right angled triangle, we can apply Pythagoras’ theorem to find the radius,
Chord = 10 cm
Altitude of chord = 5 cm,
R2 = 52 + 52
R2 = 25 + 25
R2 = 50
R = √50
R = 5√2 cm
6. Displacement X to Y
(XY)2 = 102 + 102
= 100 + 100
= 200
XY = √200 = 10√2 = 10×1.414
= 14.14 km
To find bearing X to Y,
tanƟ = p/b
= 10/10 = 1
= 45°
Bearing angle form X to Y east = 180° - 45° = 135°
7. Maximum length of the toothpick = diagonal of the rectangular box
(Diagonal)2 = 82 + 52 + 32
= 64 + 25 + 9
= 98
Diagonal = √98
= 9.9 cm
8. Let A reaches point D from point C after one hour,
Distance traveled by A = 120 km
Let B reaches point E from point C after one hour,
Distance traveled by B = 135 km
Clearly, angle ECD = 90°
Applying, Pythagoras theorem,
ED2 = EC2 + CD2
= √18225 + 14400
=√ 32625
ED = √32625 ≈ 181 km
9. A) X2 + (2x)2 = 102 B) 52 + x2 = 92
X2 + 4x2 = 102 x 2 = 92 - 52
5x2 = 100 x2 = √56
x = √20 x = 2√14
x = 2√5
Review set 4B
1. A) x2 + (√7)2 = 52 B) x2 = 52 + 62 C) (5x)2 = (2x)2 + (√42)2
x2 + 7 = 25 x2 = 25 + 36 25x2 = 4x2 + 42
x2 = 25 – 7 x2 = 61 21x2 = 42
x = √18 x = √61 x2 = 42/21
x = 3√2 x = √2
2. If AB2 + BC2 = AC2, it is a right angled triangle
22 + 52 = (√29)2
4 + 25 = 29
29 = 29
Hence, ABC is a right angled triangle, right angled at vertex B.
3. Diameter = 20 cm
Radius = 10 cm
Chord = 16 cm
To find = altitude of the chord
Let altitude of the chord be x
As we know that, the radius of the circle, the altitude of chord and half of the chord
forms a right angled triangle,
Hence, applying Pythagoras theorem,
R 2 = 8 2 + x2
102 = 64 + x2
100 – 64 = x2
36 = x2
6=x
4. Let height of the door be x, then width becomes 2x
Diagonal2 = x2 + (2x)2
(3.2)2 = x2 + 4x2
10.24 = 5x2
10.24/5 = x2
2.048 = x2
X = 1.431m (to the nearest mm)
6. A to B 27km due 134°T
B to C 21 km due 224°T
Angle ABC = 90°
Distance between A to C can be find by applying Pythagoras theorem
AC2 = 272 + 212
AC2 = 729 + 441
AC2 = 1170
AC = √1170
AC = 34.2 km
7. Since, the ladder is twice the base distance of ladder from wall,
Ladder = 15m
Base = 15/2 = 7.5m
(The height of the wall)2 = 152 – (7.5)2
= 225 – 56.25
= 168.75
Height of the wall = √168.75 = 12.99 = 13
8. (Diagonal)2 = l2 + b2 + h2
= 8 2 + 72 + 32
= 64 + 49 + 9
= 122
Diagonal = √122 = 11.05
Yes, the piece of timber can be placed in diagonally in the shed.
10. A) it is an isosceles right angled triangle, so
Y2 = 102 + 102
Y2 = 100 + 100
Y2 = 200
Y = √200
Y = 10√2
Y = 14.14 cm
B) 82 + y2 = (y – 6)2
64 + y2 = y2 – 2×y×6 + 36
64 – 36 = -12y
28 = -12y
Y = -28/12
11. A) i. In triangle PRQ
PR2 + QR2 = PQ2
b2 + a2 = PQ2
PQ = √a2 + b2
ii. To Prove: RN= ab/√a2+b2
RN = QR x PR/ PQ
Area of PRN + Area of QRN = Area of PQR
½ x PN x RN + ½ x QN x RN = ½ x PR x QR
½ RN (PN+QN) = ½ x PR x QR
RN = PR x QR/PQ
RN = ab/ √a2+b2
Hence proved.
