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C++ Exam-Oriented Key Topics

This document outlines important C++ topics for exam preparation, including classes and objects, constructors and destructors, inheritance, function and operator overloading, friend functions, encapsulation, abstraction, access specifiers, arrays in classes, and pointers with objects. Each topic is briefly explained with examples to illustrate key concepts. The notes serve as a concise reference for understanding fundamental C++ programming principles.

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16 views3 pages

C++ Exam-Oriented Key Topics

This document outlines important C++ topics for exam preparation, including classes and objects, constructors and destructors, inheritance, function and operator overloading, friend functions, encapsulation, abstraction, access specifiers, arrays in classes, and pointers with objects. Each topic is briefly explained with examples to illustrate key concepts. The notes serve as a concise reference for understanding fundamental C++ programming principles.

Uploaded by

patilsarthak2008
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

C++ Important Topics - Exam-Oriented Notes

1. Class and Object

Class: User-defined data type. Blueprint jisme variables & functions hote hain.
Object: Class ka real-world instance.
Example:
class Student {
public:
int roll;
void display() {
cout << "Roll: " << roll;
}
};

2. Constructor and Destructor

Constructor: Class ka special function, object bante hi call hota hai.


Destructor: Object destroy hone par call hota hai.
Example:
class A {
public:
A() { cout << "Constructor"; }
~A() { cout << "Destructor"; }
};

3. Inheritance

One class inherits features of another.


Types: Single, Multiple, Multilevel, Hierarchical, Hybrid
Example:
class A {
public: void show() { cout << "Base"; }
};
class B : public A {
public: void display() { cout << "Derived"; }
};
C++ Important Topics - Exam-Oriented Notes

4. Function Overloading

Same function name, different arguments.


Example:
void sum(int a, int b);
void sum(float x, float y);

5. Operator Overloading

Redefine operators like +, -, etc.


Example:
class A {
int val;
public:
A(int x) { val = x; }
A operator+(A obj) {
return A(val + obj.val);
}
};

6. Friend Function

Function jo class ke private members ko access kar sakta hai.


Example:
class Box {
int length;
friend void display(Box b);
};

7. Encapsulation and Abstraction

Encapsulation: Data + functions ko ek unit mein rakhna (class).


Abstraction: Important details dikhana, baaki chhupana (use public interface).

8. Access Specifiers

Public: Accessible anywhere


Private: Class ke andar hi
C++ Important Topics - Exam-Oriented Notes

Protected: Class + derived class

9. Arrays in Class

Class ke andar array banana


Example:
class Marks {
int m[5];
};

10. Pointers with Objects

Object ko pointer se access karna


Example:
Student *ptr = &s1;
ptr->display();

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