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Probability Sampling

Probability sampling methods ensure that every member of a population has a known chance of selection, leading to more representative results. Key methods include Simple Random Sampling, Stratified Random Sampling, and Cluster Sampling, each with specific techniques for collecting data. While these methods reduce bias and enhance generalizability, they can be time-consuming and challenging to implement.

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27 views3 pages

Probability Sampling

Probability sampling methods ensure that every member of a population has a known chance of selection, leading to more representative results. Key methods include Simple Random Sampling, Stratified Random Sampling, and Cluster Sampling, each with specific techniques for collecting data. While these methods reduce bias and enhance generalizability, they can be time-consuming and challenging to implement.

Uploaded by

huynhkhanh16011960
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Probability Sampling Methods

Probability sampling ensures that every member of a population has a known and nonzero
chance of being selected, leading to more representative and generalizable results.

1. Simple Random Sample (SRS)


Explanation:

In a simple random sample, each individual in the population has an equal chance of being
selected. This method reduces bias and ensures randomness.

Methods of Collecting:

 Lottery Method: Each member is assigned a number, and numbers are drawn randomly.
 Random Number Generator: Using software or tools like a random number table or
computer-generated numbers to select individuals.

Example:

A university wants to survey students about campus facilities. It assigns numbers to all 5,000
students and randomly selects 200 using a lottery system.

2. Stratified Random Sample


Explanation:

The population is divided into subgroups (strata) based on a specific characteristic (e.g., age,
gender, income level). A random sample is then taken from each stratum in proportion to its size
in the population.

Methods of Collecting:

1. Identify the relevant strata (e.g., males and females, different age groups).
2. Determine the proportion of each stratum in the population.
3. Use simple random sampling within each stratum.

Example:
A company wants to study employee satisfaction. The workforce is divided into departments
(e.g., HR, Sales, IT). If IT makes up 40% of employees, then 40% of the sample is randomly
drawn from IT, ensuring proportional representation.

3. Cluster (Area) Sample


Explanation:

The population is divided into clusters (usually based on geographical or natural groupings), and
entire clusters are randomly selected instead of individuals.

Methods of Collecting:

1. Divide the population into clusters (e.g., neighborhoods, schools, districts).


2. Randomly select some clusters.
3. Survey all individuals in the chosen clusters.

Example:

A government agency wants to study healthcare access in a country. They randomly select 10
rural villages and survey all residents in those villages.

Advantages:

✅ Reduces Bias – Every individual has a known chance of selection, leading to more
representative results.
✅ Generalizability – Findings can be applied to the entire population due to random selection.
✅ Statistical Validity – Allows for accurate estimation of population parameters and margin of
error.
✅ Reproducibility – Other researchers can replicate the study and obtain similar results.

Disadvantages:

❌ Time-Consuming & Expensive – Requires a complete list of the population and may involve
complex methods.
❌ Difficult to Implement – Some populations are hard to reach or accurately list (e.g., homeless
individuals).
❌ Non-Response Issues – If selected participants refuse to participate, it can lead to bias.

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