Govt.

Associate College Rehmatabad, Rawalpindi

Prepared By: Hafeez Ur Rahman (Lecturer Computer Science)
Important Questions ICS-12(According to Paper Scheme of 2025)

Note:
❖ MCQs from Exercise.
❖ Long Questions Marked as * are more important than others.
❖ Prepare chapter 3,9 and 11 for long questions
❖ Prepare chapter 1, 2, 4, 8, 10, 11 and 13 for short questions.

LONG QUESTIONS
Chapter 3:
Q. What is data modeling? What are the ingredients of data modeling? *
Q: What is Data Distribution? Explain different Data Distribution strategies. *
Q: Briefly describe Database Design process with the help of diagram.
Chapter 6:
Q. What is Data Type? Explain different data types available in MS Access.*
Q: What is Query? Explain different types of Queries.*
Chapter 7:
Q: What is form? Explain different layouts of form.*
Q: What is report? Explain different layouts of report.*
Chapter 9:
Q: What is variable? Write rules for naming variable. *
Q: What is Type Casting? Explain its different types with example. *
Q: What is integer data type? Describe different data types to store integer data.
Q: What is floating point data? Describe different data types for storing floating point data.
Q: What are operators? Explain different types of operators.

Good Luck… ☺ Page 1

 Govt. Associate College Rehmatabad, Rawalpindi
Prepared By: Hafeez Ur Rahman (Lecturer Computer Science)
Important Questions ICS-12(According to Paper Scheme of 2025)
Chapter 11:
Q: All programs with short statement.
Q: Leap Year, Square Root, Number +ive –ive or zero, Grade Calculation, maximum/minimum
number, vowel or not, even odd, Week day/Vowel/ Arithmetic operation using switch structure

Chapter 12:
Q: All programs with short statement and most expected are those output consist of shapes (like print
* or Numbers in specific sequence using nested loops.
Table, Factorial, series 1+1/2+1/4+1/6+……+1/100, power calculation, series
1+1/3+1/5+1/7+…..+1/99, Fahrenheit to Celsius, reverse number, Diagram printing.
SHORT QUESTIONS
Chapter 1:
i. Differentiate between data and information.
ii. Define data processing.
iii. Define field.
iv. Why is it important to specify data type and size of a field?
v. What is meant by a record?
vi. What is a file?
vii. List the file types from usage point of view.
viii. List the file types from function point of view.
ix. Define file organization. Name different types of file organizations.
x. Explain sequential files.
xi. Explain direct or random access files.
xii. Describe indexed sequential files
xiii. Write the disadvantage of sequential access.
xiv. Define database
xv. Which problems does data redundancy cause?
xvi. Define database integrity.
xvii. Define DBMS.
xviii. Describe consistency constraints.
xix. Define data dictionary.
xx. State the use of query language.
xxi. What is meant by access security?
xxii. State the purpose of backup and recovery.
xxiii. Describe the term data independence.
xxiv. Differentiate between data redundancy and data inconsistency.
Chapter 2:
i. Define the term table or relation.
ii. Define entity
iii. How a relation is formed in database?
iv. What is the purpose of using views?
v. Define secondary key.
vi. Define candidate key I alternate key?

Good Luck… ☺ Page 2

 Govt. Associate College Rehmatabad, Rawalpindi
Prepared By: Hafeez Ur Rahman (Lecturer Computer Science)
Important Questions ICS-12(According to Paper Scheme of 2025)
vii. Describe composite key I concatenate key?
viii. Distinguish between primary key and foreign key.
ix. State the purpose of index file.
x. Who is a user or ender user?
xi. Differentiate between data administrator and database administrator.
xii. Write three responsibilities of a database administrator
Chapter 4:
i. Define Normalization.
ii. What is removed when a relation is converted to the first normal form?
iii. Describe repeating group.
iv. What are the database anomalies? List different types of anomalies?
v. Define insertion anomaly
vi. What is removed when a relation is converted from 1NF to 2NF?
vii. What is removed when a relation is converted from 2NF to 3NF?
viii. Differentiate between transitive dependency and partial dependency?
ix. Differentiate between entity integrity and referential integrity?
x. How is entity integrity attained?
xi. How is referential integrity achieved?
xii. What is meant by mutual exclusiveness of data?
xiii. Differentiate between synonym and homonyms?
xiv. Describe the functional dependency with example?
Chapter 5:
i. What is MS Access?
ii. What do you know about IDE?
iii. What do you know about the term RDBMS?
iv. What is database wizard?
v. What is difference between Toolbar and Menu bar?
vi. Define query. How is a query written?
vii. Define form. Write some advantages of forms.
viii. What is the role of the query in RDBMS?
ix. How does a database differ from a table?
x. How do fields and records differ?
xi. Why are reports important?
Chapter 8:
i. What is preprocessor directive?
ii. What is the use of include preprocessor?
iii. What is the use of Define preprocessor?
iv. Define source code? Why it can’t be executed directly?
v. What do you mean by delimiters?
vi. What is the main difference between low level language and high level language?
vii. What are header files?
viii. Differentiate between source code and object code.
ix. What is difference between structure and unstructured language.
x. Define source code? Why it can’t be executed directly?
xi. Differentiate between preprocessor directives and header file
xii. Describe the term “machine independence”?
xiii. What is the difference between “.c” and “.cpp” extensions?

Good Luck… ☺ Page 3

 Govt. Associate College Rehmatabad, Rawalpindi
Prepared By: Hafeez Ur Rahman (Lecturer Computer Science)
Important Questions ICS-12(According to Paper Scheme of 2025)
xiv. What is ANSI C?
xv. C is a case sensitive language. What does it mean?
xvi. Differentiate between linker and loader in C.
xvii. Why is logical error the most difficult error?
xviii. Describe the term “machine independence”?
Chapter 10:
i. What is input? List different input functions available in C.
ii. Differentiate between getch() and getche()?
iii. Differentiate between printf() and scanf() function?
iv. What is meant by standard output?
v. What is meant by standard input?
vi. How integer values are printed in C language?
vii. How floating point values are printed in C language?
viii. How string values are printed in C language?
ix. What is the purpose of format specifier in C language?
x. Differentiate between gets() and puts() function?
xi. What is the use of sizeof operator?
xii. What are escape sequence? Name four escape character provided by C.
xiii. In Exercise trace the error questions.(IT Series)
xiv. In Exercise determine/predict the output questions.(IT Series)
xv. What is the purpose of clrscr() function?
xvi. Describe the use of ampersand (&) in scanf function?
Chapter 11:
i. What is control structure? Briefly describe the basic control structures for writing
programs.(Definitions)
ii. What is “switch” statement?
iii. What is nested “if” statement?
iv. Write the syntax of if-else statement.
v. What is conditional operator? Write the syntax of conditional operator?
vi. Which data type can be used in expression of the Switch statement?/ What are the rules for
using switch case in C program.
vii. Differentiate between nested-if-else and switch structure?
viii. What happens if break is missed in case block?/ Why break statement is used in switch
structure?
ix. What is the limitation of simple if statement?
x. Write one similarity and one difference between if---else and conditional operator.
xi. Why should you use a default label in a switch statement?
xii. In Exercise trace the error questions. (IT Series)
Chapter 12:
i. Define loop. Write two uses or advantages of loop.
ii. What is the difference between while and do while loop?
iii. Write the situation when we prefer to use for loop instead of while loop?
iv. Differentiate sentinel-controlled loop and counter-control loop?
v. Define sentinel value.
vi. Describe nested loop. Write syntax.
vii. Distinguish between break and continue statements used in loops?
viii. What is the use of “goto” statement?
ix. Define “while” loop. Write syntax.
x. Define do-while loop. Write syntax.

Good Luck… ☺ Page 4

 Govt. Associate College Rehmatabad, Rawalpindi
Prepared By: Hafeez Ur Rahman (Lecturer Computer Science)
Important Questions ICS-12(According to Paper Scheme of 2025)
xi. What is “for” loop? Write syntax.
xii. What is counter-controlled loop?
xiii. Write the situation when we prefer to use for loop instead of while loop?/ Differentiate
between for loop and while loop.
xiv. In Exercise determine/predict the output questions. (IT Series)
xv. In Exercise trace the error questions. (IT Series)
Chapter 13:
i. Define function? Why is it used in a program?
ii. List some benefits of using functions. / How ‘does a function make programming easier?
iii. What steps are taken place when a function is called?
iv. Distinguish between user defined and built in functions?
v. Define function header.
vi. What is function declaration or function prototype?
vii. Differentiate Function definition and Function declaration?
viii. What is function call? / How a function is activated?
ix. How does function return value?
x. How many ways a function can return a value? Write the names.
xi. Compare local and global variable.
xii. What is the Life time of local/global variables?
xiii. Write the scope of local/global variable?
xiv. Differentiate between formal and actual parameters./What is the use of formal/actual
parameters ?

Chapter 14:
i. Define a stream.
ii. What do you mean by text stream?
iii. What is binary stream?/ What is the purpose of binary stream?
iv. Compare binary and text stream
v. Define a pointer. / What is the use of file pointer?
vi. Define string
vii. What is a text file?
viii. How is a file open? / What is the use of fopen() function?
ix. How is a file closed? / What is the use of fclose() function?
x. Why is it important to close a file?
xi. How the end of text file is indicated?
xii. Name different opening modes provided by C language.
xiii. Describe the purpose of file handling.

Good Luck… ☺ Page 5