1. Explain list. How it is different from tuple.
A list in Python is a mutable, ordered collection of elements that can hold different data types. Lists are
defined using square brackets [].
List: Mutable (can be modified) Tuple:Immutable (cannot be modified)
list Requires more memory tuple Requires less memory
lists are Used when data needs to be modified tuples are Used for fixed data (e.g.coordinates, config
lists are Slower due to dynamic nature settings)
tuples are Faster due to immutability
Defined using [] Defined using ()
2. How lambda function is different from normal function.
* A lambda function is an anonymous, single-line function defined using the lambda keyword. It can take
any number of arguments but must have only one expression.
* It is inline and concise.
* lambda functions are Used in functional programming (e.g., with map(), filter(), sorted()).
* lambda functions Cannot contain multiple statements or assignments.
* Best for short, throwaway functions
2. Normal Function (Using def)
* A normal function is defined using the def keyword and can have multiple statements.
* Can contain multiple lines of code.
* Supports loops, conditions, and multiple expressions.
* Best for reusable, complex logic
3. What is inheritance? Explain use of super() method
Inheritance is a fundamental OOP (Object-Oriented Programming) concept where a class (child class)
derives properties and behavior from another class (parent class). This promotes code reusability and
hierarchical relationships.
The super() method is used to call the parent class constructor (__init__()) or methods inside the child
class. This is useful when extending functionality without completely overriding it.
* Avoids code duplication.
* Ensures parent class is properly initialized.
* Useful in multiple inheritance scenarios.
4. How to create custom exception in python?
In Python, we can create a custom exception by defining a new class that inherits from the built-in
Exception class. This allows us to create meaningful error messages for specific scenarios.
To do this, we follow three steps:
* Create a new class that extends Exception.
* Define an __init__ method if we want to pass custom error messages.
* Use the raise keyword to trigger the exception when needed.
5. What are membership operators in python?
Membership operators in Python are used to check whether a value is present in a sequence like a list,
tuple, string, or dictionary. There are two membership operators:
in Operator – Returns True if the value is found in the sequence.
not in Operator – Returns True if the value is not found in the sequence.
