Chegg SQNA User Guide

Table of Contents
Section 1. Tagging page 2

Section 2. Step by Step page 3

Section 3. Final Answer page 6

Section 4. Text Editor page 9

Section 5. Tables page 12

Section 6. Math in Text page 21

Section 7. Equation Renderer page 24

Section 8. Code Snippet Inserter page 28

Section 9. Image Upload and Labeling page 31

Section 1 - Tagging

The first step of answering the question is tagging. The sub-subject and topic can be selected via
the dropdowns provided on the page. Once they are selected, click Next to move on to the Step-
by-Step solution.

Image 1.1 – Question being tagged with sub-subject and topic.

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Section 2 - Step-by-Step
In order to create the best solutions for students, the editor supports step-by-step functionality.
This allows users to create answers with full solutions and explanations separated into parts that
are easy to follow by the student. Each question begins with one default step; to add additional
steps, click the Add another step button at the bottom of the editor.

Image 2.1 – Step-by-step editor with Add another step button highlighted.

If a question has multiple steps, each step can be accessed by clicking the accordion button in the
step title. This button will expand or collapse the step when clicked.

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 Image 2.2 – Step-by-step editor with multiple steps added.

Explanations. To further clarify the work in each step, an optional text explanation may be
added at the end of the step. Whenever an explanation is added, the step will be marked as
having an explanation in the step title bar.

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Image 2.3 – Question step with added explanation and title bar explanation marker.

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Section 3 - Final Answer
After completing the step-by-step solution, a Final Answer should be added.

Image 3.1 – Final answer step with answer added.

The Final Answer should be a simple summary of the answer to the question in clear, direct
language. In case the Final Answer encapsulates content that has already been added to the
answer and would be laborious to duplicate (such as a table, or journal entries), a simple sentence
pointing to the Step can be added to this section.

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Preview. Once the final answer has been added, the author can see a preview of the completed
answer by clicking the Preview your answer button. This view shows the compiled solution as it
will appear to the student.

Image 3.2 – Preview of complete step-by-step solution.

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Submitting the answer. Once the question is completed, the user submits the answer by clicking
the Submit your answer button.

Image 3.3 – Question submission button.

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Section 4 - Text Editor
There are multiple features for formatting text within the editor.

Text Size. Text size can be changed between header, subheader, and normal font sizes. To
change the font size, use the mouse cursor to select some text and select the desired size of text.

Image 2.1 – Font size options.

Text Formatting. Bold, italics, and underline formatting may also be applied to any text in the
solution. Simply use the mouse cursor to select the text and click the desired icon.

Image 4.1 – Underline, bold, and italics toolbar buttons.

The following keyboard shortcuts may also be used instead of pressing the icons on the toolbar:

Formatting Mac Keyboard Shortcut PC Keyboard Shortcut

Bold cmd + b ctrl + b
Italics cmd + i ctrl + i
Underline cmd + u ctrl + u

Text Alignment. Horizontal alignment options are also available in the editor. Text may be
aligned either to the left, center, or right by selecting the text with the mouse cursor and clicking
one of the following toolbar icons:

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 Image 4.2 – Left, center, and right text alignment toolbar buttons.

Image 4.3 – Example of text formatted with bold, underline, italics, and different horizontal alignments.

Lists. Both ordered and unordered lists can be added to solutions. To insert a list, click the
toolbar list item dropdown and select from the options (see image below).

Image 4.4 – Toolbar list dropdown button.

Image 4.5 – Example of an unordered list. Image 4.6 – Example of an ordered list.

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Superscripts and Subscripts. Text can be formatted as superscripts or subscripts using the
following two icons.

Image 4.7 – Example of Superscripted and subscripted text in the editor.

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Section 5 - Tables
Inserting a table. To add a table to the solution, click the table button in the toolbar.

Image 5.1 – Toolbar button to insert a table.

Add/remove rows and columns. Rows and columns can be added anywhere within a table by
using the hover menu (see image below). To insert a column, click the plus icon to the left or
right of the selected column; and to add a row, click the plus icon beside the selected row. To
delete a row or column, click the minus icon at the beginning of the selected row or column.

Image 5.2 – Buttons for adding or deleting rows and columns.

Header rows and columns. The first row or column of a table can be specified as a header row
or column. Select the row or column you wish to use and click the header icon to set as a header.

Image 5.3 – Table toolbar options for adding and removing headers.

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 Image 5.4 - Table with header rows and columns.

Merge and split cells. Cells can be merged and unmerged to better organize content. To merge,
select the cells to combine and click the merge icon. To split any merged cells back to their
original size, select the merge cell and click the split icon.

Warning: Merging cells will clear the contents of the merged cells.

Image 5.5 – Table toolbar with merge and split cell icons highlighted.

Image 5.6 - Table with merged title cell.

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Borders. Any borders on a table can be highlighted using the border selection options. Select the
cells around which you wish to highlight the border, and then choose the styling from the
dropdown. The following options are available:

Image 5.7 – Border options for tables.

Cut, copy, and paste. Cell contents can be cut, copied, and pasted using both the toolbar icons
and keyboard shortcuts. The following icons will cut, copy, and paste the selected cells:

Image 5.8 – Table toolbar with copy, cut, and paste icons highlighted.

The following keyboard shortcuts work to cut, copy, and paste cells:

Action Mac/PC Keyboard Shortcut

Cut ctrl + x
Copy ctrl + c
Paste ctrl + p

Image 5.9 - Table with pasted table cells

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Text horizontal alignment. To better support numbers shown clearly in tables, experts can
change the horizontal alignment of numbers in tables. For example, to facilitate the standard
right-aligned numbers in tables, select the desired cells, and click the right-align button on the
toolbar.

Image 5.10 – Table with numbers right-aligned using right alignment toolbar button.

Number and currency formatting. To make it easier to add currency to numbers, the tool bar
currency button may be used to apply dollar signs and numeric rounding to cell values. To apply
this formatting, select the desired cells and click the currency button on the toolbar. The same
process can be used to automatically use commas.

Image 5.11 - Table with commas and dollar signs added using toolbar buttons.

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Cell references. Cell contents can be referenced in an Excel-like manner using the column
reference letters (A, B, C, etc.) and row reference numbers (1, 2, 3, etc.) as shown in the image
below:

Image 5.12 - Table with header rows and columns.

Functions and calculations. Calculations can be performed inside cells. To create a calculation,
type the equal sign, and use keyboard functions such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and
division. On clicking out of the cell, the expression will show calculated result. To edit the
expression, double click on the cell again. Refer to page 24 for a list of supported functions.

Image 5.13 - Table with header rows and columns.

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Templates. Some commonly used templates can be inserted directly into the editor. To insert a
template, click the Table Templates dropdown in the toolbar and select the desired table to insert.
To edit the table, click on the inserted block and begin modifying the table.

The following templates are available:

Budget
Income Statement
Profit/Loss
Cash flow
COGS
Net Present Value
Balance Sheet

Journal Entries. The journal entry table is a specific accounting table type for balancing
business transactions. To create a journal entry, click the Journal Entry button in the table
dropdown.

Image 5.14 – Journal entry insertion button in table toolbar.

This will insert a blank journal entry table. Each journal has a default Debit and Credit row.
Validations are present for adding accounts to each row and adding numeric values to each entry
– the block will return an error if these elements are missing.

Image 5.15 – Blank journal entry table.

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Dates can be added to the first column ether manually or using the date picker. Adding a date to
the entry is optional – this column can be left blank if no date is needed.

Image 5.16 – Journal entry date picker.

The account column contains a list of pre-made accounts that can be searched. Begin typing the
name of an account, and all matches for that search will appear in the list.

Image 5.17 – Searchable list of accounts in journal entry.

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The account column also supports custom account names. If none of the pre-made accounts are
desired, the account field will accept a custom account typed into the column.

Image 5.18 – Journal entry account with custom account name.

Journal entries can have multiple credit and debit rows. To add rows, click the plus button to the
left of the entry; to remove a row, click the minus button. To add a debit line, click the plus
button next to any debit line and enter the corresponding number in the “Dr” column; to add a
Credit line, click the plus button next to any credit line and enter the corresponding number in
the “Cr” column.

Image 5.19 – Journal entry with multiple Debit and Credit entries.

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T-Accounts. T-Accounts are a specific type of accounting table designed to record and balance
financial assets and liabilities. To insert a T-Account, select the “Insert T-accounting table”
option from the dropdown in the toolbar.

Image 5.20 – T-Account table button in the toolbar.

The first line of the T-Account table contains a searchable account list. Similar to Journal
Entries, this field can contain either a pre-made account from the list or a custom account typed
into the field.

Image 5.21 – Searchable account list header in T-Account table.

Like Journal Entries, T-Accounts support optional dates as well as numeric entries in each row.

Image 5.22 – Example of T-Account Table.

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Section 6 - Math in Text
Math in Text provides a user with the ability to enter a simple math expression in a text block
and have that solution automatically solved for with all values expressed in LaTeX form and
aligned on the equal sign. Math in Text supports math and algebra, with future expansions
planned.

Creating a Math in Text block. Math in text can be triggered in two ways:

1. Double equals sign - type two equals signs to trigger the “Math in Text” block and hit
Enter on the keyboard.

2. Toolbar button. Click the Math in Text icon on the toolbar to insert a Math in Text block
at your cursor.

This will create the math in text block.

Image 6.1 – Blank Math in Text block.

Using a Math in Text block. After creating the block, enter in text for the left-hand side of the
equation. On the right-hand side, type out the expression on the first line. Then, hit Enter on the
keyboard, and replace the text with numbers on the second line. Once you have added in
numbers, the block will automatically calculate the answer on the third line.

Image 6.2 – Math in Text with equation line. Image 6.3 – Math in Text with auto-calculated answer.

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Latex and ASCII Math. In preview mode, all symbols will render with LaTeX formatting,
including fractions, exponents, multiplication symbols, etc. The block supports ASCII math
symbols, which can be found here: [Link] A few common operators are
listed in the table below:

Units. Units can be manually added to the final answer. After completing the calculation, units
can be added to the equation line. Click into the equation line and type the units.

Image 6.4 – Math in Text equation before adding units Image 6.5 – Math in Text equation after adding units

Rendering. Once the third line has been calculated, clicking out of the Math in Text block will
trigger all the equations to render in LaTeX Math.

Image 6.6 – Math in Text block rendered with LaTeX.

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List of available functions in math in text and tables. The following functions are available in
both tables and math in text to use in performing calculations. For example, to use the sum
function in a table, simply type “=sum(A1:A4)”.

abs(x) absolute value

add(x,y) add two or more values
log10(x) calculate 10base log
pow(x,y) calculate x^y
nthRoot(x) calculate nth root of a value
log2(x) calculate the 2base of a value
ceil(x) calculate the ceil of a number
cube(x) calculate the cube of a number
exp(x) calculate the exponent of a number
log(x,y) calculate the logarithm of a value
mod(x,y) calculate the modulus
log10(x) calculate the logarithm of a value + 1
square(x) calculate the square
max(a, b, c, …) compute the maximum value of a matrix or a list with values.
mean(a, b, c, …) compute the mean value of matrix or a list with values.
median(a, b, c, …) compute the median of a matrix or a list with values.
min(a, b, c, …) compute the minimum value of a matrix or a list of values.
sign(x) compute the sign of a value
mode(a, b, c, …) computes the mode of a set of numbers.
sum(a, b, c, …) computes the sum of a matrix or a list with values.
divide(x,y) divide x/y
gcd(a,b) greatest common devisor
sqrt(x) calculate the square root
lcm(a,b) least common multiple
round(x) round
floor(x) round towards negative infinity
fix(x) round towards zero
subtract(x,y) subtract x - y
multiply(x,y) multiply x*y

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Section 7 - Equation Renderer
In order to provide more functionality and flexibility for displaying math equations, the Equation
Renderer tool can be used to create multi-line math equations.

Adding an Equation Renderer Block. To start creating multiline equations with the Equation
Renderer, click the icon on the authoring toolbar.

Image 7.1 – Authoring toolbar with Equation Renderer icon highlighted

Image 7.2 – Blank Equation Renderer block

Rendering in Latex. Math expressions can be typed into both sides of the equation renderer.
The content in each line of the Equation Renderer will be rendered in LaTeX math. A preview of
the rendered math appears below the lines of the equation.

Image 7.3 – Equation Renderer block with rendered math shown in the preview

Adding and Removing Lines. To add a new line, click the plus button to the left of the line. To
remove a line, click the minus button. Lines can also be added by typing “Enter/Return” at the
end of a line.

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 Image 7.4 – Equation Renderer block with a new line added

Alignment on the Equals Sign. All content created using the Equation Renderer will align on
the central equals sign once rendered.

Image 7.5 – Equation Renderer block with multiple lines centered on the equal sign

Alternative operators to the equals sign can be chosen from the drop down list as shown in the
image below.

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 Image 7.6 – Equation Renderer block with alternatives to the equals sign shown in the drop down

Supported Content and Inline Help. The Equation Renderer accepts inputs from both ASCII
Math and LaTeX libraries. To make the libraries more accessible, a selection of commonly used
operators have been added as an Inline Help function.

Image 7.7 – Help function with operators shown

To use the operators, click on an icon to insert into the line.

Image 7.8 – Equation Renderer block with square root symbol inserted from Inline Help Tool

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Once inserted, the operators can be modified to adapt to the equation.

Image 7.9 – Equation Renderer block with adapted square root term

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Section 8 - Code Snippet Inserter
In order to support the use of coding languages in the authoring tool, the Code Snippet Inserter
has been developed to allow users to insert formatted, highlighted code into solutions. This tool
allows users to either a) copy code from a code writing application or IDE and paste it into the
editor with retained formatting, or b) type code directly into the editor and apply the correct
formatting.

Creating a Code Snippet Inserter block. Authors can insert the Code Snippet Inserter using the
icon in the toolbar.

Image 8.1 – Authoring toolbar with Code Snippet Inserter icon highlighted

Using the Code Snippet Inserter. After clicking on the toolbar icon, users can paste or type
code into the editor.

Image 8.2 – Example of formatted, highlighted code added into the Code Snippet Inserter

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Changing the coding language. Authors also have the option to select the specific type of color
formatting for a number of different coding languages. Authors can select from the dropdown list
of available coding languages to change the syntax highlighting of the text.

Image 8.3 – Dropdown list showing a partial selection of the coding languages available for formatting

Show or hide Line Numbering. The Code Snippet Inserter toolbar also offers the option to
show line numbers in the editor. When turned on, these line numbers will appear to the student
when they view the solution, and provides a way for authors to easily reference important lines
of code in their explanations.

Image 8.4 – Code Snippet Inserter toolbar with Line Numbering icon highlighted

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Image 8.5 – Example of Code Snippet Inserter with Line Numbering turned off

Image 8.6 – Example of Code Snippet Inserter with Line Numbering turned on

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Section 9 - Image Upload and Labeling
For questions requiring labeled images, the Image Upload and Labeling tool can be used to add
images to questions and create annotations such as labels.

Creating an Image Upload and Labeling Block. To use the Image Upload and Labeling tool,
start by click the toolbar icon.

Image 9.1 – Authoring toolbar with Image Upload and Labeling icon highlighted

Image 9.2 – Blank Image Upload and Labeling block

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Uploading an Image. After adding the block, an image can be added either by dragging a file or
by clicking on the block to open a system dialogue. After selecting or dragging in the desired
image, click the “Upload Image” button to add the image to the question.

Image 9.4 – Image Upload block with an image added and “Upload Image” button highlighted

Adding Text Labels to Images. Once the image has been uploaded, text and supporting lines
can be added to label the image via the Image Upload toolbar. To add text to an image, click the
Text Label icon.

Image 9.5 – Image Upload and Labeling toolbar with Text Label icon highlighted

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 Image 9.6 – Uploaded image with text label added

Modifying Text Labels. Once the label has been inserted, the text can be changed. To modify
the text, double click on the label, backspace out the existing text, and type the desired text. Text
labels can also be moved, rotated, and resized. To move the label, simply click and drag to the
desired location. To rotate the label, click the round dot above the label and rotate to the needed
orientation. To resize the label, select one of the corners and drag to the needed size.

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 Image 9.7 – Uploaded image with text labels that have been modified

Adding Arrows and Lines. Arrows and lines can also be added to an image to support easier
labeling. To add a line or arrow, click on the respective toolbar icons.

Image 9.8 – Image Upload and Labeling toolbar with Arrow and Line icons highlighted

Modifying Arrows and Lines. To change the length of the line, select and drag either end of the
component and drag to shorten or elongate. To move a component, select the line or arrow and
drag to the new location. To rotate the element, click and select either the tip or tail end of the
component, and drag it to a new location at the desired angle.

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 Image 9.9 – Uploaded image with Arrows added to the image

Changing to Dark Color Scheme. The Image Upload and Labeling tool also supports an
alternative color scheme for components to accommodate images with dark backgrounds. To
toggle the color scheme between light and dark, select any text label, line, or arrow, then click
the color scheme toolbar icon, and select either light or dark theme to apply to the selected
element.

Image 9.10 – Image Upload and Labeling toolbar with Color Scheme dropdown highlighted

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Adding Alt Text to Uploaded Images. Alt text is required for uploaded images. A description
should be typed into the available space describing the image for accessibility readers.

Image 9.11 – Empty Alt text box Image 9.12 – Filled out Alt text box

Removing All Annotations. To remove all the elements from the image, click the “Remove
Annotations” button. In the event that the entire image needs to be replaced, the “Clear Image”
button can be used to start the process over from scratch with a new image.

Image 9.13 – Image Upload and Labeling “Remove Annotation” and “Clear Image” buttons

Saving and Submitting an Image. Once all labels have been added, the “Save Changes” button
must be clicked to add the image (with labels) into the solution.

Image 9.14 – Image Upload and Labeling “Save Changes” buttons

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