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Chapter 2

This document discusses the variation of internal reactions along a beam length, focusing on how to draw normal, shear force, and bending moment diagrams. It classifies beams based on their support types and outlines the steps to determine internal reactions and create diagrams. Additionally, it includes examples demonstrating the calculation of shear forces and bending moments for different loading conditions.

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george.bekhit03
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34 views26 pages

Chapter 2

This document discusses the variation of internal reactions along a beam length, focusing on how to draw normal, shear force, and bending moment diagrams. It classifies beams based on their support types and outlines the steps to determine internal reactions and create diagrams. Additionally, it includes examples demonstrating the calculation of shear forces and bending moments for different loading conditions.

Uploaded by

george.bekhit03
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

II.

Variation of Internal Reactions with


Length

In this chapter, learn how to draw normal,


shear force and bending moments
diagrams along the beam length.
From these diagrams, specify the location
and value of maximum shear and
moment, which is the critical section in
the beam.
II.1 Types of Beams
Beams are classified according to how it is
supported:
a) Simply supported beam: is pinned at one end
and roller supported at other end.
b) A cantilever beam: is a fixed at one end and
free at the other end.

c) Overhanging beam:
II.2 Normal force, shear force and bending
moment diagrams
It is required to determine normal force (N),
shear force (V), and bending moment (M)
variation along beam length.
Internal reactions are expressed as an equation
function of x, where x is direction of the beam
length
N(x)= fn(x), V(x)= fn(x), M(x) = fn(x)
Different bending moment along beam length
Steps to draw N.F.D., [Link] B.M.D.:

1- Draw free body diagram of the beam and


determine all support reactions.
2- Section the beam to segments located
between concentrated load, couples or
discontinuities of distributed loading.
3- Draw FBD of each segment and write the
normal, shear and moment equations for each
segment.
4- Plot normal force (N), shear force (V) and
bending moment (M) versus x.
II.3 Sign Convention
Example 1:
Draw the shear force diagram and bending
moment diagram for the following loaded
beam.

L/2 L/2

R1 R2
x
Solution:

1- External equilibrium
From symmetry and by using equilibrium
equations, the values of R1 and R2 are equal
and each having a value of P/2
2- Internal Reactions
For 0  x ≤ L/2 M1
 Fy=0
V1= P/2 P/2
x V1

M=0
M1 =(P/2)× x
For L/2  x ≤ L
 Fy=0 P
V2 +P - P/2=0 M2
V2 = -P/2
M=0 P/2 L/2 V2
x

M2 +P(x- 0.5L)-0.5Px=0
M2 =(P/2)× (L- x)
Example (2)

Draw the shear force diagram and bending


moment diagram for the following loaded
beam.

W =P/L N/m

L
Solution

1- External equilibrium
From symmetry and by using equilibrium
equations, the values of RA and RB are equal
and each having a value of wL/2 =P/2
2- Internal Reactions

w w

wL/2 L-x wL/2


 Fy=0
V + wx – wL/2 =0
V = w (L/2 –x )
 M =0
-(wL/2) x + wx(x/2) +Mx=0
Mx = -w(x2/2-Lx/2)
II.4 Relation Between load intensity (w),
shear force (V) and bending moment (M)
Consider a beam loaded in a general loading
q

M M+M
x
x

V
C V+V

x
Consider a small segment of length
∆x
Write equilibrium equations for element of
length x:

Fy  0 M  0
 x 
V  x  V  V   0 M  Vx   x    M  M   0
 2 
V dV M dM
  V
x

x dx for x  0
dx

for x  0
• The value of internal shear force at a
section is the slope of internal
moment at the same section
Example:
Example (3):
100 N

10 N/m 3000 N-m

200 N 100 N
10 m 10 m 10 m 10 m 10 m

V (N)
200 1
10
100
2000 1500
x
10 500
1 -100
3500
M (N-m) 3000

2000

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